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Annual Research Activity Report October 2007-September 2008
TMPEGS INDONESIA: Indigenous Vegetables
Bambang S. Purwoko, Anas D. Susila, M. Syukur, Manuel Palada, M. Reyes
I. Executive Summary
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different fertilizers and the effect of
plant spacing (population) on growth and yield of several indigenous vegetables.
Inorganic fertilization increased yield of beluntas, kenikir and kemangi. Fertilization did not
give effect on katuk. Optimum population of katuk is 160,000 plant /ha, while for kemangi, the
optimum population could not be determined. It could be increased to more than 200,000
plants/ha. There was no significant effect of plant spacing in kenikir.
Three undergraduate students (all women) were involved. Two of them (Mega Ayu Lestari and
Ratna Pambayun) graduated in September 2008. However, due to planting problem of terubuk,
one of them (Nia Kurniatusholihat) will graduate later in December 2008.
TMPEGS Indonesia had a meeting during preparation/proposal presentation at the early fiscal
year and result presentation at mid fiscal year. Country coordinator invited researchers to
discuss issues across fields. Result of the current research will be used as leaflet development
and later be used for extension purpose in the next fiscal year.
II. Research Strategy and Developmental Objectives
A. Effect of fertilization on growth and yield of several indigenous vegetables
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different fertilizers on growth and
yield of several indigenous vegetables. Hypothesis: combined inorganic fertilizers and manures
gave the best growth and yield.
A randomized complete blocked design was used throughout the fertilizer experiment. Each
vegetables was considered as separate experiment. There were five commodities :beluntas,
katuk, kenikir, kemangi, and terubuk. Treatment consisted of: P0 (control, no fertilizer), P1
(chicken manure: 5 ton/ha), P2 (inorganic fertilizer:100 kg N, 135 kg P2O5, 135 kg K2O/ha) and
P3 (combined chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer, P1 and P2). Each experiment consisted of
3 replicates, so there were 12 experimental units. In kemangi experiment, soil was limed 2
ton/ha.
Size of plot was 4 m x 1 m. Plant spacing for beluntas, kenikir and kemangi was 50 cm X 25
cm, while for katuk was 50 cm X 20 cm. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, when significant they
were subjected to HSD test.
The following observation were conducted:plant height for kenikir and kemangi, number of
branches for all vegetables, branch length for beluntas and katuk, number of leaves, weight per
plant, and production per plot for all vegetables. In this report, terubuk is not reported since it
has not finished yet.
B. Effect of plant spacing on yield of indigenous vegetables
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of plant spacing (population) on
growth and yield of indigenous vegetables (Cosmos caudatus Kunth., Ocimum americanum L.,
dan Sauropus androgynus L. Merrill). Hypothesis: ther would be optimum population on each
indigenous vegetable.
Seeds of kenikir (accession Pandeglang), kemangi (accession Cadasari) and cutting material of
katuk (accession Ciampea) were used in the experiments. Fertilizers used were the same as P3 in
fertilization experiment (see above). In kemangi experiment, soil was limed 2 ton/ha.
A randomized complete blocked design was used in the experiment. There were four levels of
plant spacing (population): 50 cm x 10 cm (200,00 plant/ha) (P1), 50 cm x 13.3 cm (150,000
plant/ha) (P2), 50 cm x 20 cm (100,000 plant/ha) (P3), and 50 cm x 40 cm (50,000 plant/ha) (P4)
each with 3 replicates.
C. Effect of number of nodes and position of cutting on growth and yield of terubuk
The experiment is still on going.
III. Research Progress by Objective
Critical Research Accomplishments
A.
Inorganic fertilizer and combined chicken manure+inorganic fertilizer increased fresh
weight of beluntas leaf per plot to 6 949.70 g and 6 775.70 g respectively, compared to control (2
813.00 g). Fertilization did not increase number of leaves and branches, and branch length.
Fertilization did not increase number of branches and leaves, branch length, fresh weight of leaf
per plant and fresh weight of leaf per plot in katuk.
Fertilization increased fresh weight of kenikir leaf per plot, but did not increased number and
length of branch, and number of leaves. Inorganic fertilizer gave yield of 909.00 g/plot compare
to control (262.70 g/plot).
Fertilization increased number and length of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight of leaf per
plant, and fresh weight of leaf per plot in kemangi. Inorganic fertilizer gave the highest yield
(1,511.00 g/plot), while combine chicken manure+inorganic fertilizer yielded 1,371.30 g/plot as
compared to control (164.00 g/plot). In general, inorganic fertilizer gave the best result in
indigenous vegetables.
B. Plant spacing gave significant effect on yield of katuk, but did not have any effect on other
variables. It was predicted that optimum spacing for katuk was 50 cm x 12.5 cm (160,000
plant/ha). Plant spacing did not have significant effect on yield of kenikir.
Low population of kemangi per ha increased palnt height, number of leaves, branches and fresh
weight per plant. Response of population to yield was still linear, indicating that population
could be increased above 200,000 plant per ha.
System Level
Experiment on indigenous vegetables will support the technology component of TMPEGS.
Eventually, it will contribute to marketing of this commodity for the improvement of farmer’s
income. It will also used for the empowerment of community in the gender work.
Development Impact
Results of these experiment will be used for leaflet development in extension to famers which
will be conducted in the fiscal year 2008/2009. The beneficiary of the technology will be
farmers and women in Nanggung, Bogor.
Challenges and Responses
In fertilization and plant spacing experiment, growth of kemangi was not good in the first
planting due to low seed germination. It was then repeated and the soil was also limed 2 ton/ha.
Growth and yield was better than the first planting. Since the pH of the soil in Hambaro was
low (around 4.2), liming will be better used in vegetable planting.
In the terubuk experiments, there was problem of termite and drainage. The 2 studies were
repeated. In the case of propagation study, the growth was better. However, in the fertilization
study, the drainage could not be improved. Therefore, the terubuk fertilization experiment was
moved to Darmaga. The 2 experiments are still on going and not reported in this report.
IV. Degree and Non-Degree Training Activities
In indigenous vegetable study, 3 undergraduate students (women) were involved. Two of them
(Mega Ayu Lestari and Ratna Pambayun) graduated in September 2008. However, due to
planting problem of terubuk, one of them (Nia Kurniatusholihat) will graduate later in December
2008.
V. Publications, Presentations, and Other SANREM CRSP Products
Publications:
Paper on Characterization of Indigenous Vegetables is now in preparation.
Presentations:
1. Indonesian Society for Horticultural Science, Annual Meeting, Oral Presentation, Malang,
East Java, November 2007
2. SANREM Annual Meeting, Poster Presentation, Los Banos, April 2008.
3. Indonesian TMPEGS Meeting, Poster Presentation, Bogor, April 2008.
VI. Networking Activities
TMPEGS Indonesia had a meeting during preparation/proposal presentation at the early fiscal
year and result presentation at mid fiscal year. Country coordinator invited researchers to
discuss issues across fields. Discussion on individual basis among researchers were also
conducted. Result of the research will be used as leaflet development and later be used for
extension purpose.
VII. Project Highlights
 Inorganic fertilization increased yield of beluntas, kenikir and kemangi. Fertilization did
not give effect on katuk.
 Optimum population of katuk is 160,000 plant /ha, while for kemangi, the optimum
population could not be determined. It could be increased to more than 200,000
plants/ha. There was no significant effect of plant spacing in kenikir.