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Transcript 
Ligament
Joint cavity
(contains
synovial fluid)
Figure 8.3 General structure of
Articular
(hyaline)
a synovial
joint.
cartilage
Fibrous
capsule
Articular
Synovial
capsule
membrane
Periosteum
(a)
Suture
Joint held together with very short,
interconnecting fibers, and bone edges
interlock. Found only in the skull.
(b)
Syndesmosis
(c)
Joint held together by a ligament.
Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but
is longer than in sutures.
Gomphosis
“Peg in socket” fibrous joint.
Periodontal ligament holds tooth
in socket.
Figure 8.1 Fibrous joints.
Suture
line
Fibula
Tibia
Socket of
alveolar
process
Root of
tooth
Dense
fibrous
connective
tissue
Ligament
Periodontal
ligament
(a)
Suture
Joint held together with very short,
interconnecting fibers, and bone edges
interlock. Found only in the skull.
Figure 8.1a Fibrous joints.
Suture
line
Dense
fibrous
connective
tissue
(b)
Syndesmosis
Joint held together by a ligament.
Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but
is longer than in sutures.
Figure 8.1b Fibrous joints.
Fibula
Tibia
Ligament
(c)
Gomphosis
“Peg in socket” fibrous joint. Periodontal
ligament holds tooth in socket.
Figure 8.1c Fibrous joints.
Socket of
alveolar
process
Root of
tooth
Periodontal
ligament
(a)
Synchondroses
Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Sternum
(manubrium)
Epiphyseal
plate (temporary
hyaline cartilage
joint)
Joint between
first rib and
sternum
(immovable)
Figure 8.2 Cartilaginous joints.
(b)
Symphyses
Bones united by fibrocartilage
Body of vertebra
Fibrocartilaginous
intervertebral
disc
Hyaline cartilage
Pubic symphysis
(a)
Synchondroses
Figure 8.2a Cartilaginous joints.
Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal
plate (temporary
hyaline cartilage
joint)
Sternum
(manubrium)
Joint between
first rib and
sternum
(immovable)
(b)
Symphyses
Bones united by fibrocartilage
Figure 8.2b Cartilaginous joints.
Body of vertebra
Fibrocartilaginous
intervertebral
disc
Hyaline cartilage
Pubic symphysis
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7a Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
a Plane joint (intercarpal joint)
a
e
d
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7b Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
b Hinge joint (elbow joint)
a
e
d
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7c Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
c Pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint)
a
e
d
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7d Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
d Condyloid joint
(metacarpophalangeal joint)
a
e
d
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7e Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
e Saddle joint (carpometacarpal joint
of thumb)
a
e
d
f
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
Figure 8.7f Types of synovial
joints.
c
b
f Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint)
a
e
d
Ligament
Joint cavity
(contains
synovial fluid)
Figure 8.3 General structure of
Articular
(hyaline)
a synovial
joint.
cartilage
Fibrous
capsule
Articular
Synovial
capsule
membrane
Periosteum
Figure 8.5a Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Gliding
(a) Gliding movements at the wrist
Hyperextension
Extension
Figure 8.5b Movements allowed
Flexion
by synovial joints.
(b) Angular movements: flexion, extension, and
hyperextension of the neck
Extension
FigureHyperextension
8.5c Movements
allowed
Flexion
by synovial joints.
(c) Angular movements: flexion, extension, and
hyperextension of the vertebral column
Flexion
Extension
Figure 8.5d Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Flexion
Extension
(d) Angular movements: flexion and extension at the
shoulder and knee
Abduction
Figure 8.5e
Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation
Figure 8.5f Movements allowed
by synovial joints.
Lateral
rotation
Medial
rotation
Pronation
(radius
rotates
over ulna)
Supination
(radius and
ulna are
parallel)
Figure 8.6a Special body
movements.
(a) Pronation (P) and supination (S)
Dorsiflexion
Figure 8.6b Special body
movements.
Plantar flexion
(b) Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Figure 8.6c Special body
movements.
Inversion
(c) Inversion and eversion
Eversion
Figure 8.6d Special body
movements.
Protraction
of mandible
Retraction
of mandible
(d) Protraction and retraction
Figure 8.6e Special body
movements.
Elevation
of mandible
Depression
of mandible
(e) Elevation and depression
Opposition
Figure
8.6f Special body
movements.
(f) Opposition
Fibular
collateral
ligament
Posterior cruciate
ligament
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
of femur
Tibial collateral
ligament
Lateral
meniscus
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Tibia
Medial meniscus
Patellar ligament
Fibula
Patella
Quadriceps tendon
(e) Anterior view of flexed knee, showing the cruciate
ligaments (articular capsule removed, and quadriceps
tendon cut and reflected distally)
Medial femoral condyle
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Figure 8.8f The knee joint.
Medial meniscus on
medial tibial condyle
Patella
(f) Photograph of an opened knee joint; view similar to (e)
Figure 8.13c The Superior view
temporomandibular
(jaw) joint.
Outline of
the mandibular
fossa
(c)Lateral excursion: lateral (side-to-side) movements of the
mandible
Figure 8.14 Arthroscopic
photograph of a torn medial
Torn
meniscus.
meniscus
LYME DISEASE
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