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Final Exam Study Guide POS 2041- Spring 2009 Professor Conley Political Parties Definition functions of political parties unified government divided government two-party system single-member districts plurality elections proportional representation fusion Australian ballot responsible party model issue evolution electoral realignment dealignment party organization party machine patronage Progressive reforms national party convention party platform Interest Groups definition pluralism potential groups criticisms of pluralism non-decisions policy agenda disturbance theory free rider problem selective, material, purposive, and social benefits interest group entrepreneurs patrons political action committees independent expenditures bundling 527s inside lobbying grassroots lobbying Media definition watchdog prior restraint constraints on media freedom types of media nature of media coverage horse race bias media effects on public opinion minimal effects agenda setting priming exposure comprehension receptivity political attentiveness political predisposition gatekeeper, scorekeeper functions spin role of FCC sources of bias leaks Congress sponsor markup open rule closed rule filibuster cloture conference committee veto gate-keeping authority sunset provisions appropriations process authorizations appropriations earmarks forms of appropriations continuing resolution supplemental appropriations gerrymandering redistricting majority and minority leaders Speaker of the House whips committee chairs seniority rule multiple referral types of committees unanimous consent agreements casework/constituency service amendments bicameralism number of Representatives & Senators logrolling racial gerrymandering incumbency & careerism term limits delegate vs. trustee hearings quorum discharge petitions how a bill becomes a law representation of women and minorities Presidency Electoral College Necessary and Expedient Clause Take Care Clause executive privilege delegation leadership powers of the president (formal & informal) veto pocket veto line-item veto executive agreement executive order impeachment approval rating rally event going public mandate Cabinet Exec. Office of the President White House staff Neustadt thesis State of the Union Address FDR chief legislator political capital “bank account” presidency measures of presidential success in Congress “two presidencies” thesis “going native” institutional presidency Chief of Staff OMB Courts district courts magistrate judges appellate courts Supreme Court writ of certiorari original jurisdiction briefs oral arguments conference chief justice majority opinion concurring opinion dissenting opinion plaintiff defendant jury criminal cases civil cases class action suit standing ripeness doctrine plea bargain common law public law judicial review legal model stare decisis judicial restraint judicial activism attitudinal model strategic model solicitor general amicus curiae judicial appointments senatorial courtesy
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