Download Chapter 17

Chapter 17
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Members of the phylum __________ include acorn worms and pterobranchs.
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
Echiura
Chordata
Pogonophora
2. The common name acorn worm is derived from the appearance of the __________ of
these worms.
A) collar
B) proboscis
C) hepatic cecum
D) trunk
E) tunic
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The ciliated larva of an acorn worm is called the
brachiolaria.
bipinnaria.
tornaria.
trochophore.
pluteus.
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Acorn worms belong to the class
Ascidacea.
Concentricycloidea.
Pterobranchia.
Enteropneusta.
Thaliacea.
5. In chordates, the __________ is a dorsal rod, with a sheath of connective tissue,
functioning in support.
A) spinal column
B) endostyle
C) hemichord
D) backbone
E) notochord
Page 1
6. In chordates, the __________ are a series of openings in the pharyngeal region, between
the digestive tract and the outside of the body.
A) gill slits
B) atriopores
C) stoma
D) diverticulae
E) siphons
7. Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics seen in all chordates at
some time in their life history?
A) tubular nerve cord
B) mouth developed from blastopore
C) notochord
D) pharyngeal gill slits
E) postanal tail
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The tunic of tunicates is composed of proteins, various salts, and
glycoprotein.
sclerotin.
glycogen.
cellulose.
chitin.
9. Root-like extensions of the tunic called __________ are used to anchor a tunicate to the
substrate.
A) canaliculi
B) interstyles
C) joints
D) rhizomes
E) stolons
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The cavity surrounding the pharynx of a tunicate is called the
atrium.
hemocoel.
coelom.
nephrocoel.
branchiocoel.
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The gill slits perforating the pharynx of a tunicate are called
stenolaemata.
stigmas.
gymnolaemata.
lanquets.
laminae.
Page 2
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The endostyle of invertebrate chordates may have been the precursor to the vertebrate
gall bladder.
liver.
thyroid gland.
pancreas.
esophagus.
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
__________ cells in the circulatory system of tunicates accumulate nitrogenous wastes.
Erythrocyte
Endocyte
Exocyte
Ameboid
Lymphoid
14. When we say “my heart was in my throat,” that might also apply to tunicates, as their
heart is in their
A) oral siphon.
B) endostyle.
C) atrial siphon.
D) stigma.
E) pharynx.
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata are called
lancelets.
tunicates.
ammocoetes.
salps.
dolioids.
16. The ciliated groove that extends longitudinally along the midventral aspect of the
pharynx in cephalochordates is the
A) atrium.
B) midgut cecum.
C) cirrus.
D) endostyle.
E) myotome.
17. A dorsal tubular nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits are considered to be evidence of
evolutionary ties between hemichordates and
A) echiurans.
B) echinoderms.
C) phoronids.
D) sipunculans.
E) chordates.
Page 3
18. Increased larval motility is often adaptive for species with sedentary adults because it
promotes
A) dispersal.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) ease of feeding.
D) prey selection.
E) habitat selection.
19. The evolution of motile adults in primitive chordates could have resulted from
__________ (which is the development of sexual maturity in the larval body form).
A) protandry
B) paedomorphosis
C) parthenogenesis
D) viviparity
E) hermaphroditism
20. Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago, near
the end of this period:
A) Permian
B) Ordovician
C) Devonian
D) Cambrian
E) Triassic
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The fossil record of the vertebrates is relatively well documented because
they were so common.
they lived in shallow water, where fossils often are found.
there were few scavengers at that time to disrupt the skeletons.
they had hard body parts.
All of the choices are correct.
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the vertebrates, the notochord
is present dorsal to the nerve cord.
is present ventral to the gut.
serves as the chondrocranium.
has been transformed into the ear bones.
is nearly replaced by the vertebrae.
23. In the enteropneusts, the anterior region of the digestive tract, which contains the gills,
is the
A) pharynx.
B) esophagus.
C) buccal cavity.
D) atrium.
E) stomach.
Page 4
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Synchronous breeding by enteropneusts suggests the presence of
asexual reproduction.
epitoky.
parthenogenesis.
protandry.
pheromones.
25. Coiled masses of fecal material called __________ are deposited on the substrate at one
of the openings of the burrow of an enteropneust.
A) castings
B) mucus
C) detritus
D) particulate matter
E) pseudofeces
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The nervous system of enteropneusts is __________ in origin.
enterocoelous
ectodermal
mesodermal
endodermal
schizocoelous
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Exchange of respiratory gases in enteropneusts is accomplished at the gill slits and by
diffusion in alveolar lungs.
active transport in the tracheal system.
diffusion across the body wall.
facilitated diffusion in dermal branchiae.
facilitated diffusion in book gills.
28. The circulatory system of enteropneusts sends blood anteriorly into a series of sinuses
called the __________, that may filter excretory wastes.
A) nephridium
B) flame bulb
C) renette
D) glomerulus
E) renal corpuscle
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Unlike the classic ascidacean sea squirts, some urochordates, such as the salps, may be
sessile.
carnivores.
armed with jaws.
bioluminescence and sessile
bioluminescent, planktonic, and swarmers
Page 5
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Nutritionally, pterobranchs are
filter feeders.
parasitic.
mutualistic.
commensalists
predators.
31. The unattached end of adult urochordates contains two openings on projecting stalks
that permit seawater to circulate through the body. They are called
A) metapleural folds
B) siphons
C) tunicates
D) diverticulae
E) stolons
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the tunicates, __________ on the outside of the intestine may function in excretion.
rectal cecae
chloragogen tissue
pyloric glands
malpighian tubules
coelomocytes
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Development in the tunicates involves a __________ larval stage.
planula
trochophore
tornaria
tadpole
androgenic
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The largest and most species-rich group of chordates are in the subphylum
Hemichordata.
Cephalochordata.
Urochordata.
Pterobranchia.
Vertebrata.
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Tentacles, known as __________ surround the oral hood of the cephalochordate.
cirri
lophophores
apical tufts
villi
cilia
Page 6