Download Biology 11 Lundkvist Biology 11 Final Exam Review General

Biology 11
Lundkvist
Biology 11 Final Exam Review
General Principles:
 Use your textbook and notebook to create your own study notes and review
sheets based on the units we covered.
 Review the vocabulary, key ideas and practise questions
 Study in concentrated 20-minute intervals
 Anticipate possible questions, quiz each other, or have friends/parents quiz
you
 Get a good night’s sleep before the final. Come in with a positive attitude
and do your best.
Evolution
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Day 1
What is fitness
How is the diversity of life related to evolution?
How old is the Earth?
What is a fossil? How are fossils formed?
What kinds of changes are reflected in the fossil record?
What is the best explanation for the structural and biochemical similarities that
exist in living organisms?
7. What is a vestigial organ?
8. How does evidence from embryology support the concept that all animals evolved
from common ancestors?
9. What are homologous structures? How did Lamarck explain evolution? What are the
major problems with his explanation?
10. What is artificial selection?
11. What is natural selection?
12. Define survival of the fittest. How are the concepts of natural selection and
survival of the fittest related?
13. What is a niche?
14. How are speciation and reproductive isolation related?
15. What is adaptive radiation? Explain how Darwin’s finches illustrate this process.
Biology 11
Lundkvist
Classification & Taxonomy
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Why are classification systems useful? What are two characteristics of a good
classification system?
Why is binomial nomenclature a good way to name organisms?
Two organisms are in different genera but they are included in the same family.
What does this information tell you about the two groups?
Which taxon has a clear biological identity? Explain your answer.
Why did evolutionary theory prove important to taxonomy?
A single-celled organism could be placed in the Eubacteria or Protista kingdom.
What factor would be the most significant for determining into which kingdom this
organism should be placed?
Why were some of the early classification systems difficult to use?
List the taxa in the classification system currently used form the largest to the
smallest.
Suppose an organism had three common names in different parts of Canada. How
might these names lead to confusion?
Viruses/Bacteria
1. What is a virus?
2. Describe two methods of viral infection.
3. How can a virus be helpful to its host?
4. Describe characteristics of Kingdom Archaebacteria and Kingdom Eubacteria.
5. Compare the three shapes of bacteria.
6. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria.
7. Describe binary fission and conjugation.
8. List some ways in which bacteria are important
9. What are some diseases caused by a. viruses? b. bacteria?
10. How can viral and bacterial diseases be prevented? How can they be treated?
11. Describe several methods of controlling bacterial growth.
12. Why are viruses considered parasites?
13. Describe a symbiotic relationship between bacteria and another organism.
14. Compare the different methods of bacterial reproduction.
Biology 11
Lundkvist
Day 2
Classification Again!
Compete the table below:
Kingdom
Cell type
Cell number
Energy
source
Cell
Reproduction
wall/No cell
wall
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Plants I
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What are two characteristics of algae?
In which kingdom are multicellular algae placed?
How are algae adapted to life in water?
What important factors are used to group algae?
Red algae often live in deep water. What important adaptation do red algae show
that enables them to do this?
What is the purpose of the air bladder in algae?
What is alternation of generations?
What are two problems faced by plant that live on land?
What are the names of the two main phyla of land plants? Give examples of each.
Biology 11
Lundkvist
10. Your friend finds a small plant growing in the desert. He keys it out and identifies
they plant as a moss. Explain why this plant is probably not a moss.
11. List the characteristics of Phylum Bryophyta.
12. What is an archegonium? An antheridium? Why are these structures important to
the moss life cycle?
13. What is vascular tissue?
14. How are ferns adapted to land?
15. What generation in ferns is most obvious? What substance is needed by ferns to
reproduce?
16. Even though ferns survive under many of the same environmental conditions as
mosses, ferns are able to grow much larger than mosses. Why is this so?
17. In what kinds of areas would expect to find mosses growing in nature?
Plants II
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What are three adaptations of seed plants that enable them to live on land?
What are the functions of roots, stems and leaves?
How are xylem and phloem tissues similar? How are they different?
What is a seed?
Compare Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Which generation is more obvious in seed plants?
Suppose you found a plant whose leaves have parallel veins and whose flowers have
six petals. Is this plant a monocot or a dicot? What is your reasoning?
8. Why is pollination important?
9. What is seed-dispersal? Why is it important?
10. What is meristematic tissue? Why is it important?
11. What is the function of parenchyma tissue? Sclerenchyma tissue?
12. What are the functions of the two types of vascular tissue?
13. Compare taproot and fibrous root.
14. Describe the different layers of the leaf and their functions.
15. Why don’t monocot stems grow thicker?
16. What are hormones? What is their role in plant growth and development?
17. How do different auxin concentrations affect elongation in stems?
18. List the plant hormones and their effect on plant tissue.
19. What parts of the plant are adapted for sexual reproduction?
20. Give the location and function of the following flower parts: sepals, petals, stigma
anther, ovary.
21. What happens when a seed germinates?
Biology 11
Lundkvist
Day 3
Invertebrates I
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What is an animal? Why is it important to study animals?
List seven essential functions in animals. Define these functions in your own words.
Compare two different kinds of symmetry found in the animal kingdom.
Describe three basic trends in animal evolution.
Why are specialized cells necessary in multicellular animals?
How do sponges differ from other animals? How do they feed, respire and eliminate
wastes.
7. Why are sponges thought to be an evolutionary dead end?
8. What is a cnidarian? What kind of symmetry do cnidarians have?
9. Give an example of each class of cnidarians.
10. What is a flatworm? Name and give examples of the three classes of flatworms
11. How do the body structures of parasitic flatworms differ from those of free-living
flatworms?
12. What is a roundworm? What are the major differences in structure between
flatworms and roundworms?
13. How do unsegmented worms perform essential functions?
14. Draw a human, a sea anemone and a dog. Label each drawing using as many of the
following terns as are appropriate: radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry, anterior,
posterior, dorsal, ventral sessile, motile.
15. State three basic trends in animal evolution in your own words.
Invertebrates II
1.
What are mollusks? List the three major classes of mollusks and give an example of
each.
2. What are some different ways mollusks use a radula?
3. How do mollusks protect themselves?
4. What is an annelid? List the three major classes of annelids and give an example of
each.
5. Discuss three adaptations for feeding in annelids.
6. Describe the structure of the digestive tract in an earthworm.
7. How are mollusks adapted to different modes of feeding?
8. Compare ways in which polychaetes and oligochaetes perform their essential
functions.
9. Explain why a person might purchase earthworms to put in a garden.
10. How are clams adapted for burrowing in mud and sand?
Biology 11
Lundkvist
11. How do mollusks fit into the world?
12. What are three characteristics of arthropods? Name the four subphyla of
arthropods.
13. Compare complete and incomplete metamorphosis
14. Describe the different types of organs that are used in arthropod respiration.
15. Terrestrial arthropods often have valves that can open and close the spiracles. How
are these valves an adaptation to life on land? (Hint: What is the function of the
stomata on leaves?)
16. What is a cephalothorax?
17. Describe the types of appendages on crayfish and give their functions.
18. Suppose you want to catch a crayfish with a net. Should you try to scoop it up head
first or tail first? Explain.
19. Describe the basic body plan of an insect.
20. Explain how the mouthparts of bees, mosquitoes and butterflies are adapted to
different food sources.
21. What is an echinoderm? Name five kinds of echinoderms
22. How do the tube feet help echinoderms to carry out their essential functions?
23. How do starfish move? How do starfish open bivalves>
24. Why is tearing a starfish apart and throwing it back into the water not a good way
to limit a starfish population?