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Individual study plan of students of doctoral study at IES (Fill electronically, submit signed form to the secretariat of IES, put the file to your web page.) Student’s data Name and surname Aleš Maršál Year of beginning of studies 2010 Form of studies Full-time Advisor’s name Prof. Ing. Miloslav Vošvrda CSc. The Term Structure of Interest Rates In Small Open Economy DSGE Title of dissertation model Planned harmonogram of examinations (code/title/semester) WS 2010 NDES - Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Applications SS 2011 NDES - Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Applications 2011/2012 WS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application SS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application SS: State Doctoral Exam 2012/2013 WS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application SS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application 2013/2014 WS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application WS: Pre-defense SS: NDES – Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Application SS: Defense Planned harmonogram of teaching (code/title/semester) 2010/2011 WS: JEM017 Business Cycles Theory SS: JEM096 Economic dynamics I 2011/2012 WS: JEM017 Business Cycles Theory SS: JEM096 Economic dynamics I 2012/2013 WS: JEM005 Econometrics A SS: JEM096 Economic dynamics I 2013/2014 WS: JEM017 Business Cycles Theory SS: JEM096 Economic dynamics I Work on dissertation Synopsis (1- 2 pages) General introduction The term structure of interest rates is the key source of information in macroeconomics and finance. The yield curve has established to be an essential tool in predicting business cycle, it is a fundamental input in asset pricing and debt management. Since macroeconomics models have had difficulties in matching real data, estimates of the term structure are usually derived from financial models. Nevertheless, financial models do not account for monetary policy and macroeconomics fundamentals. The short term interest rate is the basic building block of the yield curve which is under direct control of monetary authority. Long interest rates are nothing more than risk adjusted expectations about the short term interest rates, hence the behavior of the central bank is an important source of information in determining the shape of the yield curve. In order to better understand the determinants of the yield curve and improve forecasting robustness of the New Keynesian models and the term structure itself, the joint macro and finance approach to the term structure of interest rate should be introduced. Motivation One way to tackle the issue of understanding the term structure of interest rate in broader framework is to introduce the term structure into the New Keynesian DSGE model. There has been already substantial work in this area. To mention several recent papers, for example, Amisano and Tristani (2008) investigate the DSGE model with yield curve and regime shifts. Rudenbush and Swanson (2008) points out that introduction of habits in consumption and various market frictions helps to fit the term structure data but at the cost of distorting the ability of DSGE to fit macro data. Hordahl, Tristani and Vestin (2005) studies implication of second order approximation and emphasizes the importance of price rigidities, causing the non-neutrality of monetary policy, in order to match data. Caprioli and Gnocchi (2009) examine the impact of monetary policy credibility on the yield curve. They conclude that improvement in monetary policy credibility does not account for the flattening of the yield curve observed over recent years. Emiris (2006) uses loglinear-lognormal general equilibrium approach to Smets and Wouters (2003) DSGE model to estimate average premium and reconcile the macro model with the term structure data. I would like to extend the research and introduce feedback from the yield curve to macroeconomic variables. Assuming that agents are forward-looking, their future behavior influences current variables and therefore, the feedback from the long tail of the yield curve to the equilibrium conditions should be introduced. The term structure of interest rate is frequently derived from the stochastic discount factor. After specifying a time-series process for pricing kernel Q_{t,t+1}=βE_{t}((u′(c_{t+1}))/(u′(c_{t})))((P_{t})/(P_{t+1})) one can find the price of any bond by chaining together the stochastic discount factors and finding P_{t}ⁿ=E_{t}(Q_{t,t+1}Q_{t+1,t+2}...Q_{t+n1,t+n}). However, after deriving the yield curve agents take into account the bond prices of various maturities in their decision process. Bond prices contain expectations about the future dynamics of the economy and with forward-looking agents, these expectations are important determinants of future and current macroeconomic variables. For instance, log-linearized dynamic IS equation in NK DSGE models (Gali 2008) usually looks as follows x_{t}=E_{t}x_{t+1}-(1/σ)[i_{t}-E_{t}π_{t+1}-r_{t}ⁿ]. This equation says that output gap depends on expected next period output gap, expected inflation, current interest rate and natural rate of interest. Nevertheless, it is intuitive that the expected output gap is a function of future expected interest rates and thus bond prices with longer maturities. Hence, the current output gap should depend on the future expected interest rates, therefore on the slope and level of the term structure of interest rate. Yet, to set up the model in such way that IS equation contains yield curve is not a trivial exercise and not much of research in the are has been done yet. I believe that in the timescale of the PhD program I can investigate the proper setup of the model and contribute to the general research of DSGE models. During the first year of the PhD program I plan to extend my knowledge of quantitative methods and familiarize myself extensively with the related research, so that I am able to produce worthwhile draft of the paper during the second year. I propose to use standard DSGE NK model with habits in consumptions, various rigidities and imperfections on the markets where representative agents take into account the term structure of interest rate in their decision process. Interesting exercise is also to open the model and analyze behavior of the term structure in small open economy model. The long term interest rates can be derived from the equilibrium prices of one period state contingent bond on the complete financial market. However, my previous research of the small open economy model, namely my master thesis, showed that incomplete financial markets seems to match the moments of macro and financial data. Basic literature Bergin, P. R. and Tchakarov, I. (2003). Does exchange rate risk matter for welfare? NBER Working Paper No. W9900. Caprioli, F. and Gnocchi, S. (2009). Monetary policy credibility and the term structure. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Cochrane, J. H. (2001). Asset pricing. Princeton University Press. Colantoni, L. (2010). Exchange rate variability in the small open economy with currency substitution. Bocconi University. De-Paoli, B. (2006). Monetary policy and welfare in a small open economcy. CEP Discussion Paper No 639. Emiris, M. (2006). The term structure of interest rates. Working paper research. Gal__, J. (2002). Monetary policy and exchange rate volatility in a small open economy. NBER Working Paper. Hordahl, P., Tristani, O., and Vestin, D. (2007). The yield curve and macroeconomic dynamics. Working paper series 832. Julliard, M. (2010). A program for simulating and Eestimating DSGE models. Monacelli, T. (2003). Monetary policy in a low pass-through enviroment. European Central Bank, Working Paper No, 227. European Central Bank, Working Paper No, 227. Natalucci, F. M. and Ravenna, F. (2002). The road to adoptiong the euro: Monetary policy and exchange rate regimes in eu candidate countries. INternational Finance Discussion Papers. Obstfeld, M. and Rogo_, K. (1994). Exchange rate dynamics redux. NBER Working Paper No. 4693. Rotemberg, J. (1982). Sticky prices in the united states. Journal of Political Economy. Schmitt-Grohe, S. and Uribe, M. (2004). Solving dynamic general equilibrium models using a second-order approximation to the policy function. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. Stock, J. and Watson, M. (2000). Has the business cycle changed and why. NBER WP 9127. Sutherland, A. (2006). The expenditure switching e_ect, welfare and monetary policy in a small open economy. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. Uribe, M. (May 4, 2009). Lectures in open economy macroeconomics. available on-line. Harmonogram of works 2010/2011 Devoting most of the time to research and development of my quantitative skills, some teaching activity 2011/2012 Publishing and teaching 2012/2013 State exam 2013/2014 Submitting dissertation Planned publication of results 2010/2011 Submitting paper on Term structure of interest rates in Small Open Economy Model to journal with impact factor, probably in Journal of Economics and Finance and IES WP 2011/2012 Submitting paper on the efficiency of market making algorithms in the Continuous double auction both to IES WP and Physica A 2012/2013 Submitting paper on Term structure of interest rates in Small Open Economy Model to IES WP. In case of very good evaluation from thereferee, from IES WP, the paper will be submitted to Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 2013/2014 Submitting paper on Endogenous Modeling of the Term Structure of Interest rates in New Keynesian DSGE model to IES WP. In case of very good evaluation from thereferee, from IES WP, the paper will be submitted to Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. Concretization of study plan for 1st year of study Teaching Participation at doctoral seminars Beginning of work on dissertation Planned examinations Other activities TEACHING WS: JEM017 Business Cycles Theory SS: JEM096 Economic dynamics I PARTICIPATION AT DOCTORAL SEMINARS WS 2010 NDES - Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Applications SS 2011 NDES - Nonlinear Dynamic Economic Systems: Theory and Applications Beginning of work on dissertation Replication of the paper by Hordahl, P., Tristani, O., and Vestin, D. (2007). The yield curve and macroeconomic dynamics. Working paper series 832 in order to master the technique used in their research so that I can use the methodology in my research OTHER ACTIVITIES WS: Presenting my paper at Euro Working Group at Financial Modeling SS: Participating at the conference Alpbach 2011 WS and SS: Participation at defenses (at least 50%) Advisor’s evaluation ………………………………. Advisor’s signature ………………….……........ Student’s signature