Download Urinary System

Urinary System
 Kidneys
 _______ shaped organs (2).
 Located between the peritoneum & the back muscles (_________________)
 _______________= funnel-shaped structure at the top of the ureter where it meets the
kidney.
 ____________= inside the kidney
 Striated triangles are___________ ____________.
 Base of each pyramid empties into cuplike cavities called calyces
______________= Outer area of kidney.
 Contains ____________ of microscopic________________.
____________________
 Smooth muscle tube with _____________membrane lining.
 The ureters start at the renal pelvis & connect to the bladder. Carry urine to the
bladder.
 _____________ & gravity push urine down ____________ to bladder.
 You have _____ ureters.
__________________________
 _____________, muscular organ.
 Made of elastic fibers & involuntary muscle.
 Stores urine – about _________ ml.
 Emptying urine (______________) is involuntary, but control of sphincter is voluntary.
_____________________
 Connects bladder to outside of body.
 Urinary meatus is the _______________ ______________of the urethra.
 You only have _____ urethra.
___________________________________________________
 Excretion – ________________ waste from the blood.
 Maintain _________________balance.
 Secrete waste in the form of______________.
 ______________ urine from the body.
 Nephron = ______________unit of the kidney.
 The function of the nephron is to make____________.
 Urine Formation =
 1st step = ________________
 2nd step = ___________________
 3rd step = ___________________
 First step in urine formation is __________________.
 Blood from renal arteriole enters glomerulus.
 Blood pressure in glomerulus is _________which forces fluid (filtrate) to filter
into_____________ _______________.
 Filtrate (fluid) doesn’t contain plasma proteins or RBCs – they’re ____ _____.
___________________
 2nd step in urine formation.
 Water (90%) & useful substances are__________________.
 If ___________levels of certain substances are high then those substances will not be
reabsorbed.
___________________
 3rd step in urine formation.
 Opposite of reabsorption.
 _______________ transports substances from blood into nephron tubules.
 Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance.
___________________
 Average = ____________ ml per day.
 _________________= examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells,
bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity & physical characteristics
 Chemical control of urine production.
 Reabsorption of water in distal convoluted tubule controlled by _________
(antidiuretic hormone)
 Secretion & regulation of ADH controlled by________________.
 _____________ inhibit reabsorption of water. (so you will make more urine)
 Nervous Control of urine production.
 Direct control through nerve impulses on kidney___________ __________.
 Indirect control through stimulation of endocrine glands.
 _________________= involuntary urination
 Usually happens as we age.
 Women may have ________ incontinence due to childbirth.
 Renal calculi = __________ ___________ = renal _____________.
 Usually form when urine is too concentrated.
 Form from____________, most common = Calcium.
 Gradually get bigger.
 Cause _______ when they move & block__________.
 Other symptoms = N & V, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria.
 Diagnosis – by ultrasound or x-ray.
 Treatment = ↑ fluids, medications, surgical removal, lithotripsy.
______________________
 Surgical procedure to break up kidney stones.
 __________ waves hit dense stones & break them up.
 Outpatient procedure. (you have it done & go home the same day)
____________________
 Infection or ________________ of the kidney.
 Usually acute nephritis is glomerulonephritis.
 Urinalysis will reveal:
 Proteins in the urine
 Blood in the urine
 Possible infection
__________________
 Bladder infection, usually caused by ______________ bacteria.
 More often in___________. (short urethra)
 Symptoms = dysuria (_______________) & frequency (feeling like you need to urinate
all the time).
 Treatment = antibiotics
 Cystitis may also be referred to as a ____________.
____________________
 Treatment for kidney failure.
 If your kidneys do not work then your __________ is not getting clean & toxic materials
are flowing around in your blood.
 Dialysis involves your blood passing through a semipermeable membrane (machine) so
that the waste substances will be_____________.
 Can be done at home or a clinic.
 Takes 2 to 4 hours, usually 3 times a week.
___________________________
 As a last resort to treat kidney failure.
 Involves donor organ from someone with a similar ________________system.
 Main complication is _____________of the donated organ.
 Patient would have to take antirejection drugs which would make their immune system
weak.
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Enuresis = __________________________________
Glycosuria = _______________________________________
Nocturia = ________________________________________________
Polyuria = ____________________________________________
Pyuria = ______________________________________
Anuria = ____________________________________
Dysuria = _________________________________________
Hematuria = ____________________________________________