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Target Questions Set 11 1) If there is a biological basis for depression, how can we prevent ourselves from becoming depressed? Depression is linked to genetic influences and an imbalance of chemicals such as the scarce amount of norepinephrine and serotonin. To overcome this, some people eat omega-3 rich foods, such as fish and walnuts to support mental health; In Japan where people eat many of the previously listed foods, the depression rate is lower than other countries. Also, those biologically predisposed for depression should avoid heavy alcohol consumption, which can perpetuate negative feelings and depression. Another way to prevent depression is to have close and supportive relationships with one’s family. It is shown that depression is common among Western countries because “epidemic hopelessness stems from the rise of individualism and the decline of commitment to religion and family”. Those with more close-knit relationships are provided more positive support, and therefore are less susceptible to being unable to cope with failure and insult. Through healthy diet and relationships, one can help prevent oneself from becoming depressed, even if we are biologically predisposed for the disease. 2) Refute the statement, “There is one best type of psychotherapy.” Psychotherapy is defined as, “The treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being relief of symptoms, changes in behavior leading to improved social and vocational functioning, and personality growth”. Because there are many types of psychological diseases, it would make sense that there are many different ways to treat those afflictions. The four main approaches (treatments) as discussed in the text are psychoanalysis, humanistic, behavior and cognitive. Under these four “umbrella ideas”, there are more specific subcategories. Psychoanalysis is when a therapist uses free association to “unearth the past in hope of unmasking the present”; this kind of treatment is effective in treating depression. The Humanistic approach emphasizes people’s inherent potential for self-fulfillment. It emphasizes for therapists to exhibit genuineness, acceptance and empathy in order to let their clients feel accepted. Behavior therapies apply learning principles to eliminate unwanted behaviors such as phobias or sexual disorders. Cognitive therapies are used by therapists to deal with depression and eating disorders. Because different disease have different symptoms, it’s obvious that there would be different therapies to treat/cope with different diseases.