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Probability and Punnett Squares – notes Topic Probability Details • A concept that can be used to ____________the results of a particular event – Examples • Chance of a specific team winning a sporting event • Chance of a coin landing on heads in a coin toss – Predict what is ______________ to occur, not necessarily what will actually occur • Punnett Square ___________________________ – A chart that shows how parents’ alleles might combine in an offspring – a tool that can help you understand the ______________ of heredity – Geneticists use Punnett Squares to show all the _____________________ outcomes of a genetic cross and to determine the probability of a particular outcome What is the probability of….. • The offspring having a yellow seed color? ________ or ________ – Using a Punnett Square The offspring having a green seed color? _______ or ________ In rabbits, black fur color is dominant to white. What is the probability of producing a white rabbit if two heterozygous rabbits mate? ____________% Step 1: Figure out the genotype of the parents. • Black is dominant to white. – B - ______________ – b - ______________ • Step 2: Set up a Punnett Square. Step 3: Fill in the Punnett Square. Step 4: Count the results. • Genotypes – _____ homozygous dominant – _____ heterozygotes – _____ homozygous recessive • Phenotypes – _____ black fur – _____ white fur Parents are heterozygous. – _________ - dad – _________- mom Ratios • Probability can also be represented in _______________ – A ratio ___________________ or shows the relationship between a part to the whole • Example the probability that a coin will land on heads in a single coin toss is 1 in 2 or 50% – As a ratio, the probability would be written as 1:2 and would be read as, “One to two.” – In _________________ we use rations to represent probability • Practice Genotypes – 1 homozygous dominant – 2 heterozygotes – 1 homozygous recessive – Genotypic Ratio = ____:____: ____ • Phenotypes – 3 black fur – 1 white fur – Phenotypic Ratio = ____: _____ In pine trees, long needles are dominant over short needles. Cross a homozygous dominant plant with a plant that is heterozygous. What is the probability that the parents will produce offspring that have short needles? Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Probability of short needles: ________ Genotypic Ratio: _________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ________________ 2. In cats, a striped coat is dominant over a solid coat. Cross a cat with a solid coat with a cat that is heterozygous for a striped coat. What is the probability that the parents will produce offspring with a solid coat? Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Probability of solid coat: ________ Genotypic Ratio: _________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ________________ 3. In humans, dark hair is dominant over light hair. Cross a man that is homozygous recessive with a woman that is homozygous dominant. What is the probability that the parents will produce offspring with light hair? Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Probability of light hair: ________ Genotypic Ratio: _________________ Phenotypic Ratio: ________________