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Reproductive System Lesson Plan Chapter 10 250 minutes Lesson Learning Objectives 1. Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter. 2. Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures relating to the reproductive systems. 3. Locate and describe the major organs of the reproductive systems and their functions. 4. Use medical terms to describe circumstance relating to pregnancy. 5. Identify the symptoms and origin of sexually transmitted diseases. 6. Identify and define reproductive system anatomical terms. 7. Identify and define selected reproductive system pathology terms. 8. Identify and define selected reproductive system diagnostic procedures. 9. Identify and define selected reproductive system therapeutic procedures. 10. Identify and define selected medications relating to the reproductive systems. 11. Define selected abbreviations associated with the reproductive systems. Minutes Concepts for Lecture 20 mins Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter. Text Pages: 330; 352 PowerPoint Slides: 812; 132134 LO 1 Female Reproductive Combining Forms amni/o amnion ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Teaching Notes Teaching Tips Word Watch: The singular for egg is ovum. The plural term for many eggs is ova. The term ova is not used exclusively when discussing the human reproductive system. For instance, testing the stool for ova and para- cervic/o chori/o colp/o culd/o embry/o episi/o fet/o gynec/o hymen/o hyster/o lact/o mamm/o mast/o men/o metr/o nat/o o/o oophor/o ovari/o perine/o salping/o uter/o vagin/o vulv/o neck, cervix chorion vagina cul-de-sac embryo vulva fetus woman, female hymen uterus milk breast breast menses, menstruation uterus birth egg ovary ovary perineum uterine tubes, fallopian tubes uterus vagina vulva Female Reproductive Suffixes -arche beginning -cyesis state of pregnancy -gravida pregnancy -para to bear (offspring) -partum childbirth -salpinx uterine tube ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e sites is used to detect the presence of parasites or their ova in the digestive tract, a common cause for severe diarrhea. Ova are produced in the ovary by a process called oogenesis (o/o = egg and -genesis = produced). Word Watch: Be careful when using the combining form metr/o meaning “uterus” and the suffix -metry meaning “process of measuring.” Word Watch: Be careful using the ombining forms vesic/o meaning “bladder” and vesicul/o meaning “seminal vesicle.” Encourage/remind students to add new word parts to flash cards. Emphasize that it is more important to memorize word parts than individual terms, since many important terms can easily be defined by just breaking them down. Did You Know? Early Greek scholars noted the resemblance of the testes to the bulb of an orchid plant. Hence the combining form orchid/o means testis. Classroom Activities Medical Terminology Bee: Create PowerPoint flash cards of new combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes presented in this chapter. Have all students stand and then define the word part. If the student is correct, he/she remains standing. If the student is wrong, -tocia labor, childbirth Male Reproductive Combining Forms andr/o male balan/o glans penis crypt/o hidden epididym/o epididymis genit/o genitals orch/o testes orchi/o testes orchid/o testes pen/o penis prostat/o prostate spermat/o sperm testicul/o testes vas/o vas deferens vesicul/o seminal vesicle Male Reproductive Suffixes -cide to kill -spermia condition of sperm he/she sits down. Continue until only one student is standing. Worksheets 10A – New Combining Form and Suffix Handout 10B – Medical Term Analysis 10G – Chapter Review Independent Study Text Practice Exercises: D. Combining Form Practice G. Define the Combining Form I. Define the Suffix M. Combining Form Practice Medical Terminology Interactive: Flash card generator Learning module Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Chapter quiz Competency Assessments Quiz 10A – New Word Parts Quiz Quiz 10E – Word Building Quiz Quiz 10G – Chapter Review Test Bank: Fill-in-the-Blank questions LO 2 Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures Teaching Tips relating to the reproductive systems. Emphasize to students the importance of cor- ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Text Pages: throughout chapter Pronunciation for medical terms in this chapter can be found: • In parentheses following key terms • In Audio Glossary in Medical Terminology Interactive • In Audio Glossary at Companion Website rectly spelling terms and how sounding out terms can assist in learning how to spell the terms. Say each new term in class and have the students repeat it. Worksheets 10D – Sound It Out Independent Study Medical Terminology Interactive: Audio Glossary Spelling test Competency Assessments Quiz 10B – Spelling Quiz Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions 30 mins LO 3 Locate and describe the major organs of the reproductive systems and their functions. Text Pages: 332336; 354 PowerPoint Slides: 1338; 135163 Female Reproductive System • Plays vital functions that ensure continuation of human race • Produces ova, female reproductive cells • Provides place for fertilization to occur and for baby to grow during pregnancy • Breasts provide nourishment for newborn • Secretes female sex hormones • System consists of both internal and external genitalia or reproductive organs (see Figure 10.1) ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Teaching Tips [Insert icon] Visual Learners: Use full-size anatomical charts and models to illustrate the different organs of these two systems. Word Watch: Be careful using the combining forms uter/o meaning “uterus” and ureter/o meaning “ureter.” Word Watch: Be careful using the combining forms colp/o meaning “vagina” and culd/o meaning “cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch).” Did You Know? During pregnancy, the height of the fundus is an important measurement for estimating the stage of pregnancy and the size of the fetus. Following birth, massaging the fundus with pressure applied in a circular pattern stimuOvaries • Two ovaries, one on each side of uterus within pelvic cavity (see Figure 10.1) lates the uterine muscle to contract to help • Small almond-shaped glands that produce ova (singular is ovum) and female sex stop bleeding. Patients may be more familiar hormones (see Figure 10.2) with a common term for uterus, womb. However, the correct medical term is uterus. • Approximately every 28 days, hormones from anterior pituitary, folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulate maturation During sexual intercourse, which is also reof ovum and trigger ovulation, the process by which one ovary releases ovum (see ferred to as coitus, the male can eject up to Figure 10.3) 100 million sperm cells. The adult male produces nearly 200 million sperm daily. • Principal female sex hormones produced by ovaries, estrogen and progesterone, stimulate lining of uterus to be prepared to receive fertilized ovum; hormones are Scrotum is a Latin word meaning “bag.” also responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics Teaching Resources Uterine Tubes Image library • Also called Fallopian tubes or oviducts Visual and Kinesthetic Learners: Have stu• Approximately 5½ inches long and run from area around each ovary to either side dents work with the Female Reproductive of upper portion of uterus (see Figures 10.4 and 10.5) System and Male Reproductive Anatomy an• Unattached ends of these two tubes expand into finger-like projections called fimimations found in the PowerPoint presentabriae; fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation and direct it into fallopian tube tion. • Tube propel ovum from ovary to uterus so that it can implant Visual and Kinesthetic Learners: Have stu• Meeting of egg and sperm, called fertilization or conception, normally takes place dents complete the Female Reproductive within upper one-half of fallopian tubes Anatomy and Male Reproductive Anatomy drag-and-drop exercises found in the PowerUterus Point presentation. • Hollow, pear-shaped organ that contains thick muscular wall, mucous membrane Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response lining, and rich supply of blood (see Figure 10.5) System questions as either pretest or posttest • Lies in center of pelvic cavity between bladder and rectum quiz to gauge student comprehension during • Normally bent slightly forward, called anteflexion; held in position by strong filecture. brous ligaments anchored in outer layer of uterus, called perimetrium (see Figure • Internal genitalia are located in pelvic cavity and consist of uterus, two ovaries, two uterine tubes, and vagina, which extends to external surface of body • External genitalia are collectively referred to as vulva ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e 10.1) Classroom Activities • Uterus has three sections: the fundus or upper portion, between where fallopian Reinforce the names of female and male retubes connect to uterus; corpus or body, which is central portion; and cervix (Cx), productive structures and their functions by or lower portion, also called neck of uterus, which opens into vagina completing a coloring activity with your stu• Inner layer, or endometrium, of uterine wall contains rich blood supply; reacts to dents. Using an overhead projector and dryhormonal changes every month that prepare it to receive fertilized ovum; in normal erase markers, label and color each structure pregnancy fertilized ovum implants in endometrium, which then provides nourishusing a different color for each structure. Proment and protection for developing baby vide students with copies of the diagram, and have them use colored markers, pencils, or • Contractions of thick muscular walls of uterus, called myometrium, assist in procrayons to label and color along with you. Be pelling fetus through birth canal at delivery sure to include the functions of each structure, • If pregnancy is not established, endometrium is sloughed off, resulting in menstruwhere applicable. ation or the menstrual period • During pregnancy, lining of uterus remains to nourish unborn child; first menstrual Trace the path that sperm take when leaving the body. Make flash cards with names of period (usually during early teenage years) is called menarche; ending of menstrual each structure the sperm passes through. activity and childbearing years is called menopause; generally occurs between ages Break students into groups, and challenge 40 and 55 each team to put the cards in the proper order. Award prizes for the team who gets the corVagina rect answer first • Muscular tube, lined with mucous membrane that extends from cervix of uterus to outside of body (see Figure 10.6) • Allows for passage of menstrual flow; during intercourse, it receives penis and se- Worksheets men, which is fluid containing sperm; serves as birth canal through which baby 10C – Unscramble passes during normal vaginal birth 10F – Crossword Puzzle • Hymen is thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening or 10G – Chapter Review vaginal orifice; membrane is broken by use of tampons, during physical activity, or during sexual intercourse Independent Study • Pair of glands, called Bartholin’s glands, are located on either side of the vaginal Text Practice Exercises: orifice; secrete mucus for lubrication during intercourse Chart Note Transcription A. Complete the Statement Vulva C. Define the Term • General term that refers to group of structures that make up female external genita H. Terminology Matching lia K. Complete the Statement ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Labeling Exercise Image A • Labia majora and labia minora are folds of skin; serve as protection for genitalia, Labeling Exercise Image B vaginal orifice, and urinary meatus (see Figure 10.7) Labeling Exercise Image C • Urinary tract and the reproductive organs are located in proximity to one another and each contains mucous membranes that can transport infection Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning module • Clitoris is small organ containing sensitive erectile tissue; aroused during sexual Review games stimulation; corresponds to penis in male Chapter practice exam • Region between vaginal orifice and anus is referred to as perineum Companion Website: Chapter quizzes Breast • Also called mammary glands Competency Assessments • Produces milk, process called lactation, to nourish newborn • Size of breasts, which varies greatly from woman to woman, has no bearing on Quiz 10C – Labeling Diagram ability to nurse or feed baby Quiz 10D – Labeling Diagram • Milk is produced by lactiferous glands and is carried to nipple by lactiferous Test Bank: ducts (see Figure 10.8) True/False questions • Areola is pigmented area around nipple Multiple-Choice questions • As long as breast is stimulated by nursing infant, breast will continue to secrete Matching questions milk Male Reproductive System • Two main functions: produce sperm, male reproductive cell and secrete male sex hormones • Major organs of reproduction are located outside body: the penis, and two testes, each with epididymis (see Figure 10.20) • Penis contains urethra, which carries both urine and semen to outside of body; this system is sometimes referred to as genitourinary system (GU) • Internal organs of reproduction include two seminal vesicles, two vas deferens, prostate gland, and two bulbourethral glands Testes • Singular is testis • Also called testicles ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e • Oval in shape (see Figure 10.20) • Responsible for production of sperm; process called spermatogenesis; takes place within seminiferous tubules that make up insides of testes (see Figure 10.21); must be maintained at proper temperature for sperm to survive; lower temperature level is achieved by placement of testes suspended in scrotum, a sac outside body • Perineum of male is similar to that in female; area between scrotum and anus • Male sex hormone testosterone, responsible for development of male reproductive organs, sperm, and secondary sex characteristics, is also produced by testes Epididymis • Coiled tubule that lies on top of testes within scrotum (see Figure 10.20) • Serves as location for sperm maturation and storage until released into vas deferens Penis • Male sex organ containing erectile tissue encased in skin (see Figure 10.20) • Delivers semen into female vagina • Tip of penis referred to as glans penis; protected by covering called prepuce or foreskin; this covering of skin is removed during procedure known as circumcision • Penis becomes erect during sexual stimulation, which allows it to be placed within female for ejaculation of semen • Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to external opening in penis, urinary meatus, and serves dual function: elimination of urine and ejaculation of semen; during ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping Vas Deferens • Carries sperm from epididymis up into pelvic cavity; travel up in front of urinary bladder, over top, and then back down posterior side of bladder to empty into urethra (see Figure 10.20) • Vas deferens, nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels running between pelvic cavity and testes form spermatic cord Seminal Vesicles ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e • Two small glands located at base of urinary bladder (see Figure 10.20) • Connected to vas deferens just before it empties into urethra • Secretes glucose-rich fluid that nourishes sperm; this liquid, along with sperm, constitutes semen, fluid that is eventually ejaculated during sexual intercourse Prostate Gland • Single prostate gland located just below urinary bladder (see Figure 10.20) • Surrounds urethra and when enlarged can cause difficulty in urination • Secretes alkaline fluid that assists in keeping sperm alive by neutralizing pH of urethra and vagina Bulbourethral Glands • Also known as Cowper’s glands • Two small glands located on either side of urethra just below prostate (see Figure 10.20) • Produce mucus-like lubricating fluid that joins with semen to become part of ejaculate 20 mins Use medical terms to describe circumstance relating to pregnancy. Text Pages: 336339; 341–356 PowerPoint Slides: 3962; 7578 LO 4 Teaching Tips Visual Learners: Use full-size anatomical charts and models to illustrate the stages of fetal development. Bring to class actual hospital reports of a Csection and vaginal delivery. Review the similar versus unique terms to each method of birth. Pregnancy • Period of time during which baby grows and develops in mother’s uterus (see Figure 10.9) • Normal length of time for pregnancy, gestation, is 40 weeks; a baby born before completing 37 weeks of gestation is premature • From time fertilized egg implants in uterus until approximately end of eighth week, infant is referred to as embryo (see Figure 10.10); during this period all major or- Did You Know? gans and body systems are formed During the embryo stage of gestation, the or• Following embryo stage and lasting until birth, infant is called fetus (see Figure gans and organ systems of the body are 10.11); during this time, longest period of gestation, organs mature and begin to formed. Therefore, this is a very common function time for congenital anomalies, or birth de©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e fects, to occur. This may happen before the • Fetus receives nourishment from its mother by way of placenta, spongy, bloodwoman is even aware of being pregnant. filled organ that forms in uterus next to fetus; placenta is commonly referred to as afterbirth; fetus is attached to placenta by way of umbilical cord • Fetus is surrounded by two membranous sacs, amnion and chorion; amnion is in- Teaching Resources nermost sac and it holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats; chorion is outer, pro- Image library tective sac and also forms part of placenta Visual Learners: Have students view the Labor First Stage, Labor Second Stage, Labor Labor and Delivery Third Stage, and Infant Delivery videos found • Labor is process of expelling fetus from uterus and through vagina in the PowerPoint presentation. • Dilation stage—first stage; uterine muscles contract strongly to expel fetus (see Guest Speaker: Invite nurse practitioner or Figure 10.12A); during this process fetus presses on cervix and causes it to dilate; midwife to discuss fertilization, pregnancy, as cervix dilates, it also becomes thinner, referred to as effacement labor, and delivery. • Expulsion stage—when cervix is completely dilated to 10 centimeters, second Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response stage of labor begins (see Figure 10.12B); ends with delivery of baby; head of baby System questions as either pretest or posttest appears first, referred to as crowning; in some cases baby’s buttocks appear first, quiz to gauge student comprehension during referred to as breech presentation (see Figure 10.13) lecture. • Placental stage—last stage of labor (see Figure 10.12C); after childbirth, uterus continues to contract, causing placenta to be expelled through vagina Classroom Activities Guest Speaker: Invite gynecologist to disantepartum (ante- = before; -partum = childbirth) – Period of time before birth. cuss IVF or a midwife or labor and delivery colostrum – Thin fluid first secreted by the breast after delivery; does not contain nurse to discuss labor and delivery. much protein, but is rich in antibodies. fraternal twins (-al = pertaining to) – Twins that develop from two different ova fer- Worksheets tilized by two different sperm; although twins, these siblings do not have iden- 10C – Unscramble tical DNA. 10E – Word Search Puzzle identical twins (-al = pertaining to) – Twins that develop from the splitting of one fer- 10F – Crossword Puzzle tilized ovum; these siblings have identical DNA. 10G – Chapter Review lactorrhea (lact/o = milk; -rrhea = flow) – Discharge of milk from the breast. meconium – First bowel movement of a newborn; greenish-black in color and conIndependent Study sists of mucus and bile. Homework Assignment multigravida (multi- = many; -gravida = pregnancy) – A woman who has been preg- Text Practice Exercises: nant two or more times. Medical Record Analysis ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e multipara (multi- = many; -para = to bear) – A woman who has given birth to a live infant two or more times. neonate (neo- = new; nat/o = birth) – Term for a newborn baby. nulligravida (nulli- = none; -gravida = pregnancy) – A woman who has not been pregnant. nullipara (nulli- = none; -para = to bear) – A woman who has not given birth to a live infant. postpartum (post- = after; -partum = childbirth) – Period of time shortly after birth. primigravida (primi- = first; -gravida = pregnancy) – A woman who is pregnant for the first time. primipara (primi- = first; -para = to bear) – A woman who has given birth to a live infant once. 10 mins Identify the symptoms and origin of sexually transmitted diseases. Text Pages: 359360 PowerPoint Slides: 181183 LO 5 chancroid (-oid = resembling) – Highly infectious nonsyphilitic venereal ulcer. See Figure 10.22. chlamydia – Bacterial infection causing genital inflammation in males and females; can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in females and eventual infertility. genital herpes (genit/o = genital; -al = pertaining to) – Spreading skin disease that can appear like a blister or vesicle on the genital region of males and females; may spread to other areas of the body. Caused by a sexually transmitted virus. genital warts (genit/o = genital; -al = pertaining to) – Growth of warts on the genitalia of both males and females that can lead to cancer of the cervix in females. Caused by the sexual transmission of the human papilloma virus (HPV). gonorrhea (GC) (-rrhea = discharge) – Sexually transmitted bacterial infection of the mucous membranes of either sex. Can be passed on to an infant during the ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e A. Complete the Statement H. Terminology Matching Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning module Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Chapter quizzes Competency Assessments Quiz 10G – Chapter Review Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions Matching questions Short-Answer question Did You Know? Chlamydia is the number one sexually transmitted infection in 2008 in the 15- to 19-yearold age group, with about 419,000 cases (Source: www.cdc.gov, December 2, 2010) Teaching Resources Image library Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture. Worksheets 10C – Unscramble birth process. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (immun/o = protection) – Sexually transmitted virus that attacks the immune system. sexually transmitted disease (STD) – Disease usually acquired as the result of sexual intercourse; formerly referred to as venereal disease (VD). syphilis – Infectious, chronic, bacterial venereal disease that can involve any organ. May exist for years without symptoms, but is fatal if untreated. Treated with the antibiotic penicillin. trichomoniasis (-iasis = abnormal condition) – Genitourinary infection caused by a single-cell protist that is usually without symptoms (asymptomatic) in both males and females. In women the disease can produce itching and/or burning, a foul-smelling discharge, and result in vaginitis. Independent Study Text Practice Exercises: Case Study L. Terminology Matching Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning module Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Chapter quizzes Competency Assessments Quiz 10G – Chapter Review Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions Matching questions 20 mins Identify and define reproductive system anatomical terms. Text Pages: 340341; 357 PowerPoint Slides: 7274; 169170 LO 6 Female Reproductive amniotic amni/o = amnion -tic = pertaining to cervical cervic/o = cervix -al = pertaining to chorionic chori/o = chorion -nic = pertaining to embryonic embry/o = embryo -nic = pertaining to fetal fet/o = fetus Pertaining to the amnion Pertaining to the cervix Pertaining to the chorion Pertaining to the embryo Pertaining to the fetus ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Teaching Tips Visual Learners: Use full-size anatomical charts and models to illustrate the location of each anatomical area. Reinforce how the meaning of unfamiliar medical terms can be figured out by simple translation of familiar word parts. Classroom Activities Read aloud reproductive system words that are made up of word parts; have students identify parts and define terms, either aloud or individually on paper. -al = pertaining to lactic lact/o = milk -ic = pertaining to mammary mamm/o = breast -ary = pertaining to ovarian ovari/o = ovary -an = pertaining to perineal perine/o = perineum -al = pertaining to uterine uter/o = uterus -ine = pertaining to vaginal vagin/o = vagina -al = pertaining to vulvar vulv/o = vulva -ar = pertaining to Male Reproductive balanic balan/o = glans penis -ic = pertaining to epididymal epididym/o = epididymis -al = pertaining to penile pen/o = penis -ile = pertaining to prostatic prostat/o = prostate gland -ic = pertaining to spermatic spermat/o = sperm -ic = pertaining to testicular testicul/o = testes -ar = pertaining to vassal vas/o = vas deferens -al = pertaining to vesicular vesicul/o = seminal vesicle Pertaining to milk Pertaining to the breast Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section for Jeopardy game to be played in class—may be combined with Pathology, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Pharmacology terms. Pertaining to the ovary Pertaining to the perineum Pertaining to the uterus Pertaining to the vagina Independent Study Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning module Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Chapter practice quizzes Pertaining to the vulva Pertaining to the glans penis Pertaining to the epididymis Pertaining to the penis Pertaining to the prostate gland Pertaining to sperm Pertaining to the testes Pertaining to the vas deferens Pertaining to the seminal vesicle ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Competency Assessments Quiz 10E – Word Building Quiz Test Bank: Fill-in-the-Blank questions -ar = pertaining to 80 mins Identify and define selected reproductive system pathology terms. Text Pages: 342346; 358359 PowerPoint Slides: 79100; 171180 LO 7 Female Reproductive Medical Specialties gynecology (GYN) (gynec/o = woman; -logy = study of) – Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system; physician is called a gynecologist. neonatology (neo- = new; nat/o = birth; -logy = study of) – Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns; physician is called a neonatologist. obstetrics (OB) – Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of women during pregnancy and childbirth, and immediately after childbirth; physician is called an obstetrician. Teaching Tips Educate students about the wide variety of systemic diseases that can contribute to erectile dysfunction (such as diabetes, vascular disease, and neurological conditions), and advise students about how doctors can use ED as a possible indicator of more serious systemic disease. Did You Know? When the fertilized egg adheres or implants to the uterine tube instead of moving into the uterus, a condition called tubal pregnancy exists. There is not enough room in the uterine tube for the fetus to grow normally. Implantation of the fertilized egg in any location other Signs and Symptoms than the uterus is called an ectopic pregnancy. amenorrhea (a- = without; men/o = menstruation; -rrhea = flow) – Condition of havThe term ectopic comes from the Greek word ing no menstrual flow. ektopos meaning “out of place.” amniorrhea (amni/o = amnion; -rrhea = flow) – Flow of amniotic fluid when the amnion ruptures. The word benign in benign prostatic hyperdysmenorrhea (dys- = abnormal, painful; men/o = menstruation; -rrhea = flow) – trophy comes from the Latin word benignus Condition of having abnormal or painful menstrual flow. meaning “kind.” Benign growths are not cancerous. dystocia (dys- = abnormal, difficult; -tocia = labor and childbirth) – Difficult labor and childbirth. The word phimosis comes from the Greek hematosalpinx (hemat/o = blood; -salpinx = uterine tube) – Presence of blood in a word phimos meaning “to muzzle.” This deuterine tube. scribes how the prepuce constricts the glans mastalgia (mast/o = breast; -algia = pain) – Breast pain. penis. menorrhagia (men/o = menstruation; -rrhagia = abnormal flow condition) – Condi The term abruptio comes from the Latin word tion of having abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation abruptus meaning “to break off.” The term time. placenta comes from the Greek word plakous ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e meaning “flat cake.” This word was used to metrorrhagia (metr/o = uterus; -rrhagia = abnormal flow condition) – Term is used to describe the appearance of the placenta. describe uterine bleeding between menstrual periods. metrorrhea (metr/o = uterus; -rrhea = discharge) – Having a discharge (such as mu- The term prolapse comes from the Latin word cus or pus) from the uterus that is not the menstrual flow. prolapsus meaning “falling.” oligomenorrhea (olig/o = scanty; men/o = menstruation; -rrhea = flow) – Condition The term candida comes from a Latin term of having light menstrual flow. meaning “dazzling white.” Candida is the scientific name for yeast and refers to the very Ovary white discharge that is the hallmark of a yeast oophoritis (oophor/o = ovary; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the ovary. infection. ovarian carcinoma (ovari/o = ovary; -an = pertaining to; carcin/o = cancer; -oma = tumor) – Cancer of the ovary. Teaching Resources ovarian cyst (ovari/o = ovary; -an = pertaining to) – Cyst that develops within the Image library ovary; these may be multiple cysts and may rupture, causing pain and bleed Visual Learners: Have students view the ing. Breast Cancer, Preeclampsia, and Erectile Dysfunction videos found in the PowerPoint Uterine Tubes presentation. pyosalpinx (py/o = pus; -salpinx = uterine tube) – Presence of pus in a uterine tube. Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response salpingitis (salping/o = uterine tube; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the uterSystem questions as either pretest or posttest ine tube. quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture. Uterus Helpful websites cervical cancer (cervic/o = cervix; -al = pertaining to) – Malignant growth in the cer– Women’s Health Channel: Your Women’s vix. Some cases are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually Health Community at transmitted virus for which there is now a vaccine. An especially difficult type http://www.womenshealthchannel.com of cancer to treat that causes 5% of the cancer deaths in women. Pap smear – The National Women’s Health Infortests have helped to detect early cervical cancer. mation Center at endocervicitis (endo- = within; cervic/o = cervix; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammahttp://www.womenshealth.gov tion that occurs within the cervix. – The Universe of Women’s Health at endometrial cancer (endo- = within; metr/o = uterus; -al = pertaining to) – Cancer of http://www.obgyn.net the endometrial lining of the uterus. – American Society for Reproductive Medicine at http://www.asrm.org endometritis (endo- = within; metr/o = uterus; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation – Diagnosis Health at of the endometrium (inner layer of the uterine wall) ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e fibroid tumor (fibr/o = fibers; -oid = resembling) – Benign tumor or growth that contains fiber-like tissue. Uterine fibroid tumors are the most common tumors in women. See Figure 10.14. hysterorrhexis (hyster/o = uterus; -rrhexis = rupture) – Rupture of the uterus; may occur during labor. menometrorrhagia (men/o = menstruation; metr/o = uterus; -rrhagia = abnormal flow condition) – Excessive bleeding during the menstrual period and at intervals between menstrual periods. premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (pre- = before; men/o = menstruation; -al = pertaining to) – Symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period, which can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety. prolapsed uterus – Fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening. Generally caused by weakened muscles from vaginal delivery or as the result of pelvic tumors pressing down. www.diagnosishealth.com/gynecology11. htm Classroom Activities Write sentences on the board using common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms. Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section for Jeopardy game to be played in class—may be combined with Anatomical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Pharmacology terms. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Compare and contrast infertility and erectile Vagina dysfunction. What are the possible causes and candidiasis (-iasis = abnormal condition) – Yeast infection of the skin and mucous treatments of each? membranes that can result in white plaques on the tongue and vagina. 2. There has been a lot of news coverage in recent years of women using PMS as a defense cystocele (cyst/o = bladder; -cele = protrusion) – Hernia or outpouching of the bladder strategy in the courtroom to explain why they that protrudes into the vagina; may cause urinary frequency and urgency. behaved violently. Is this correctly used as a rectocele (rect/o = rectum; -cele = protrusion) – Protrusion or herniation of the rectum defense? into the vagina. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) (tox/o = poison; -ic = pertaining to) – Rare and someWorksheets times fatal staphylococcus infection that generally occurs in menstruating women. Initial infection of the vagina is associated with prolonged wearing of 10C – Unscramble a super-absorbent tampon. 10E – Word Search Puzzle vaginitis (vagin/o = vagina; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the vagina. 10F – Crossword Puzzle 10G – Chapter Review Pelvic Cavity endometriosis (endo- = within; metr/o = uterus; -osis = abnormal condition) – AbIndependent Study normal condition of endometrium tissue appearing throughout the pelvis or on Homework Assignment: Have students sethe abdominal wall; this tissue is normally found within the uterus. lect specific pathology and use Internet re©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e sources to research its symptoms, diagnosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (pelv/o = pelvis; -ic = pertaining to) – Chronic or and treatments. acute infection, usually bacterial, that has ascended through the female reproductive organs and out into the pelvic cavity. May result in scarring that inter- Text Practice Exercises: feres with fertility. Medical Record Analysis perimetritis (peri- = around; metr/o = uterus; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation in Chart Note Transcription the pelvic cavity around the outside of the uterus. Case Study A. Complete the Statement C. Define the Term Breast H. Terminology Matching breast cancer –Malignant tumor of the breast; usually forms in the milk-producing J. Fill in the Blank gland tissue or the lining of the milk ducts (see Figure 10.15A). fibrocystic breast disease (fibr/o = fibers; cyst/o = pouch; -ic = pertaining to) – Be- Medical Terminology Interactive: nign cysts forming in the breast (see Figure 10.15B). Learning module Review games mastitis (mast/o = breast; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the breast. Chapter practice exam Pregnancy Companion Website: abruptio placentae – Emergency condition in which the placenta tears away from the Practice quizzes uterine wall prior to delivery of the infant; requires immediate delivery of the Case study baby. Web destinations eclampsia (-ia = condition) – Further worsening of preeclampsia symptoms with the addition of seizures and coma; may occur between the 20th week of pregnancy Competency Assessments and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Quiz 10G – Chapter Review hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) (hem/o = blood; -lytic = destruction) – Test Bank: Condition developing in the baby when the mother’s blood type is Rh-negative True/False questions and the baby’s blood is Rh-positive. Antibodies in the mother’s blood enter the Multiple-Choice questions fetus’s bloodstream through the placenta and destroy the fetus’s red blood Matching questions cells, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the spleen. Treatment is early diagnosis and blood transfusion. Also called erythroblastosis fetalis. infertility (in- = not) – Inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for 1 year. placenta previa – A placenta that is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus and, in turn, blocks the birth canal; see Figure 10.16. preeclampsia (pre- = before) – Metabolic disease of pregnancy. If untreated, it may ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e progress to eclampsia. Symptoms include hypertension, headaches, albumin in the urine, and edema. May occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Also called toxemia. prolapsed umbilical cord – When the umbilical cord of the baby is expelled first during delivery and is squeezed between the baby’s head and the vaginal wall; presents an emergency situation since the baby’s circulation is compromised. pseudocyesis (pseudo- = false; -cyesis = pregnancy) – Condition in which the body reacts as if there is a pregnancy (especially hormonal changes), but there is no pregnancy. salpingocyesis (salping/o = uterine tube; -cyesis = pregnancy) – Pregnancy that occurs in the uterine tube instead of in the uterus. spontaneous abortion – Unplanned loss of a pregnancy due to the death of the embryo or fetus before the time it is viable, commonly referred to as a miscarriage. stillbirth – Birth in which a viable-aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of delivery. Male Reproductive Medical Specialties urology (ur/o = urine; -logy = study of) – Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system and male reproductive system; physician is a urologist. Signs and Symptoms aspermia (a- = without; -spermia = sperm condition) – Condition of having no sperm. balanorrhea (balan/o = glans penis; -rrhea = discharge) – Discharge from the glans penis. oligospermia (olig/o = scanty; -spermia = sperm condition) – Condition of having too few sperm, making the chances of fertilization very low. spermatolysis (spermat/o = sperm; -lysis = destruction) – Term that refers to anything that destroys sperm. ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Testes anarchism (an- = without; orch/o = testes; -ism = condition) – The absence of testes; may be congenital or as the result of an accident or surgery. cryptorchidism (crypt/o = hidden; orchid/o = testes; -ism = state of) – Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac before birth. Usually, the testes will descend before birth. A surgical procedure called orchidopexy may be required to bring the testes down into the scrotum permanently. Failure of the testes to descend could result in sterility in the male or an increased risk of testicular cancer. hydrocele (hydr/o = water; -cele = protrusion) – Accumulation of fluid around the testes or along the spermatic cord; common in infants. sterility – Inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis. testicular carcinoma (testicul/o = testicle; -ar = pertaining to; carcin/o = cancer; -oma = tumor) – Cancer of one or both testicles; most common cancer in men under age 40. testicular torsion (testicul/o = testicle; -ar = pertaining to) – Twisting of the spermatic cord. varicocele (varic/o = dilated vein; -cele = protrusion) – Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord that commonly occurs on the left side of adolescent males. Epididymis epididymitis (epididym/o = epididymis; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the epididymis. Prostate Gland benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (prostat/o = prostate gland; -ic = pertaining to; hyper- = excessive; -plasia = growth) – Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in males over age 50; formerly called benign prostatic hypertrophy. prostate cancer – Slow-growing cancer that affects a large number of males after age 50; the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to assist in early detection of this disease. ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e prostatitis (prostat/o = prostate gland; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the prostate gland. Penis balanitis (balan/o = glans penis; -itis = inflammation) – Inflammation of the glans penis. epispadias (epi- = upon) – Congenital opening of the urethra on the dorsal surface of the penis. erectile dysfunction (ED) (-ile = pertaining to; dys- = abnormal, difficult) – Inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to inability to maintain an erection. Also called impotence. hypospadias (hypo- = below) – Congenital opening of the male urethra on the underside of the penis. phimosis (-osis = abnormal condition) – Narrowing of the foreskin over the glans penis resulting in difficulty with hygiene. Can lead to infection or difficulty with urination. Treated with circumcision, the surgical removal of the foreskin. priapism (-ism = state of) – A persistent and painful erection due to pathological causes, not sexual arousal. 20 mins LO 8 Identify and define selected reproductive system diagnostic procedures. Text Pages: 347348; 360 PowerPoint Slides: 101111; 185186 Teaching Resources Image library Visual Learners: Have students view the Female Reproductive Apgar Score and Fetal Heart Rate videos Clinical Laboratory Tests found in the PowerPoint presentation. Pap (Papanicolaou) smear – Test for the early detection of cancer of the cervix Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response named after the developer of the test, George Papanicolaou, a Greek physician; System questions as either pretest or posttest a scraping of cells is removed from the cervix for examination under a microquiz to gauge student comprehension during scope. lecture. pregnancy test – Chemical test that can determine a pregnancy during the first few weeks; can be performed in a physician’s office or with a home-testing kit. Classroom Activities Write sentences on the board using common Diagnostic Imaging words. Have students substitute correct medi- ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e hysterosalpingography (HSG) (hyster/o = uterus; salping/o = uterine tube; -graphy = process of recording) – Taking of an X-ray after injecting radiopaque material into the uterus and uterine tubes. mammogram (mamm/o = breast; -gram = record) – X-ray record of the breast. mammography (mamm/o = breast; -graphy = process of recording) – X-ray to diagnose breast disease, especially breast cancer. pelvic ultrasonography (pelv/o = pelvis; -ic = pertaining to; ultra- = beyond; son/o = sound; -graphy = process of recording) – Use of high-frequency sound waves to produce an image or photograph of an organ, such as the uterus, ovaries, or fetus. cal terms. Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section for Jeopardy game to be played in class—may be combined with Anatomical, Pathology, Therapeutic, and Pharmacology terms. Endoscopic Procedures colposcope (colp/o = vagina; -scope = instrument for viewing) – Instrument used to view inside the vagina. colposcopy (colp/o = vagina; -scopy = process of viewing) – Examination of vagina using an instrument called a colposcope. culdoscopy (culd/o = cul-de-sac; -scopy = process of viewing) – Examination of the female pelvic cavity, particularly behind the uterus, by introducing an endoscope through the wall of the vagina. laparoscope (lapar/o = abdomen; -scope = instrument for viewing) – Instrument used to view inside the abdomen. laparoscopy (lapar/o = abdomen; -scopy = process of viewing) – Examination of the peritoneal cavity using an instrument called a laparoscope, passed through a small incision made by the surgeon into the abdominopelvic cavity. See Figure 10.17 Independent Study Homework Assignment: Ask the students to do research on amniocentesis and list the information that can be gained from analyzing the amniotic fluid. Text Practice Exercises: Medical Record Analysis Chart Note Transcription H. Terminology Matching J. Fill in the Blank Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning module Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Practice quizzes Worksheets 10C – Unscramble 10G – Chapter Review Obstetrical Diagnostic Procedures amniocentesis (amni/o = amnion; -centesis = puncture to withdraw fluid) – Puncturing of the amniotic sac using a needle and syringe for the purpose of withdraw- Competency Assessments ing amniotic fluid for testing. Can assist in determining fetal maturity, devel- Quiz 10G – Chapter Review opment, and genetic disorders. Test Bank: Apgar score – Evaluation of a neonate’s adjustment to the outside world. Observes True/False questions ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e color, heart rate, muscle tone, respiratory rate, and response to stimulus at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth. chorionic villus sampling (CVS) (chori/o = chorion; -nic = pertaining to) – Removal of a small piece of the chorion for genetic analysis. May be done at an earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis. fetal monitoring (fet/o = fetus; -al = pertaining to) – Using electronic equipment placed on the mother’s abdomen or the fetus’ scalp to check the fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor. The normal heart rate of the fetus is rapid, ranging from 120 to 160 beats per minute. A drop in the fetal heart rate indicates the fetus is in distress. Additional Diagnostic Procedures cervical biopsy (cervic/o = cervix; -al = pertaining to; bi/o = life; -opsy = to view) – Taking a sample of tissue from the cervix to test for the presence of cancer cells. endometrial biopsy (EMB) (endo- = within; metr/o = uterus; -al = pertaining to; bi/o = life; -opsy = to view) – Taking a sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus to test for abnormalities. pelvic examination (pelv/o = pelvis; -ic = pertaining to) – Physical examination of the vagina and adjacent organs performed by a physician placing the fingers of one hand into the vagina. An instrument called a speculum (see Figure 10.18) is used to open the vagina. Male Reproductive Clinical Laboratory Tests prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (anti- = against; -gen = that which produces) – Blood test to screen for prostate cancer; elevated blood levels of PSA are associated with prostate cancer. semen analysis – Procedure used when performing a fertility workup to determine if the male is able to produce sperm. Semen is collected by the patient after abstaining from sexual intercourse for a period of 3–5 days. The sperm in the semen are analyzed for number, swimming strength, and shape. Also used to ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Multiple-Choice questions Matching questions Short-Answer quesetion determine if a vasectomy has been successful. After a period of 6 weeks, no further sperm should be present in a sample from the patient. Additional Diagnostic Procedures digital rectal exam (DRE) (rect/o = rectum; -al = pertaining to) – Manual examination for an enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating (feeling) the prostate gland through the wall of the rectum. 20 mins LO 9 Identify and define selected reproductive system therapeutic procedures. Text Pages: 349350; 361362 PowerPoint Slides: 112120; 187193 Teaching Tips Emphasize to students that the term abortion (AB) has different meanings for medical professionals and the general population. The Female Reproductive general population equates the term abortion Medical Procedures specifically with the planned termination of a barrier contraception (contra- = against ) – Prevention of a pregnancy using a device pregnancy. However, to the medical commuto prevent sperm from meeting an ovum; examples include condoms, dianity, abortion is a broader medical term meanphragms, and cervical caps. ing that a pregnancy has ended before a fetus hormonal contraception (-al = pertaining to; contra- = against) – Use of hormones to is viable, meaning before it can live on its block ovulation and prevent conception. May be in the form of a pill, a patch, own. an implant under the skin, or an injection. intrauterine device (IUD) (intra- = inside; uter/o = uterus; -ine = pertaining to) – De- Advise students that semen is composed of a vice inserted into the uterus by a physician for the purpose of contraception. mixture of sperm and seminal fluid. EmphaSee Figure 10.19. size that sperm production and seminal fluid production occur in separate locations, and discuss implications for a male pre- and postSurgical Procedures vasectomy. amniotomy (amni/o = amnion; -otomy = cutting into) – Surgically cutting open the amnion; commonly referred to as “breaking the water.” cervicectomy (cervic/o = cervix; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of Did You Know? the cervix. The word circumcision comes from the Latin cesarean section (CS, C-section) – Surgical delivery of a baby through an incision inword circumcido meaning “to cut around.” to the abdominal and uterine walls. Legend has it that the Roman emperor, JulThis describes the incision required to remove ius Caesar, was the first person born by this method. the prepuce. conization – Surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue; also refers to partial re The term curettage comes from the French ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e moval of the cervix. dilation and curettage (D & C) – Surgical procedure in which the opening of the cervix is dilated and the uterus is scraped or suctioned of its lining or tissue. Often performed after a spontaneous abortion and to stop excessive bleeding from other causes. elective abortion – Legal termination of a pregnancy for nonmedical reasons. episiorrhaphy (episi/o = vulva; -rrhaphy = suture) – To suture the perineum; procedure to repair an episiotomy postpartum. Note that the combining form episi/o is used even though the perineum is not part of the vulva. episiotomy (episi/o = vulva; -otomy = cutting into) – Surgical incision of the perineum to facilitate the delivery process. Can prevent an irregular tearing of tissue during birth. Note that the combining form episi/o is used even though the perineum is not part of the vulva. hymenectomy (hymen/o = hymen; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the hymen. hysterectomy (hyster/o = uterus; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the uterus. hysteropexy (hyster/o = uterus; -pexy = surgical fixation) – To surgically anchor the uterus to its proper location in the pelvic cavity; a treatment for a prolapsed uterus. laparotomy (lapar/o = abdomen; -otomy = cutting into) – To cut open the abdomen; performed in order to complete other surgical procedures inside the abdomen or performed during a C-section. lumpectomy (-ectomy = surgical removal) – Removal of only a breast tumor and the tissue immediately surrounding it. mammoplasty (mamm/o = breast; -plasty = surgical repair) – Surgical repair or reconstruction of the breast. mastectomy (mast/o = breast; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the breast. oophorectomy (oophor/o = ovary; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the ovary. radical mastectomy (-al = pertaining to; mast/o = breast; -ectomy = surgical removal) ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e word curer meaning “to cleanse.” Teaching Resources Image library [Insert icon] Visual Learners: Have students view the Cesarean Delivery and Vasectomy videos found in the PowerPoint presentation. Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture. Classroom Activities Write sentences on the board using common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms. Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section for Jeopardy game to be played in class—may be combined with Anatomical, Pathology, Diagnostic, and Pharmacology terms. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Is circumcision medically necessary? What are the factors that contribute to a parent’s decision whether or not to circumcise? Worksheets 10C – Unscramble 10E – Word Search Puzzle 10F – Crossword Puzzle 10G – Chapter Review – Surgical removal of the breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes. salpingectomy (salping/o = uterine tube; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the uterine tube. simple mastectomy (mast/o = breast; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the breast tissue. therapeutic abortion – Termination of a pregnancy for the health of the mother or another medical reason. total abdominal hysterectomy–bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) (abdomin/o = abdomen; -al = pertaining to; hyster/o = uterus; -ectomy = surgical removal; bi- = two; later/o = side; -al = pertaining to; salping/o = uterine tube; oophor/o = ovary; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both ovaries, and both uterine tubes. tubal ligation (-al = pertaining to) – Surgical tying off of the uterine tubes to prevent conception from taking place; results in sterilization of the female. vaginal hysterectomy (vagin/o = vagina; -al = pertaining to; hyster/o = uterus; ectomy = surgical removal) – Removal of the uterus through the vagina rather than through an abdominal incision. Male Reproductive Surgical Procedures balanoplasty (balan/o = glans penis; -plasty = surgical repair) – Surgical repair of the glans penis. castration – Removal of the testicles in the male or the ovaries in the female. circumcision – Surgical removal of the end of the prepuce or foreskin of the penis. Generally performed on the newborn male at the request of the parents. The primary reason is for ease of hygiene. Circumcision is also a ritual practice in some religions. epididymectomy (epididym/o = epididymis; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the epididymis. orchidectomy (orchid/o = testes; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of one or both testes. ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Independent Study Homework Assignment Text Practice Exercises: Medical Record Analysis Chart Note Transcription A. Complete the Statement C. Define the Term J. Fill in the Blank Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning modules Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Chapter quizzes Competency Assessments Quiz 10G – Chapter Review Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions Matching questions orchidopexy (orchid/o = testes; -pexy = surgical fixation) – Surgical fixation to move undescended testes into the scrotum and to attach them to prevent retraction; used to treat cryptorchidism. orchiectomy (orchi/o = testes; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of one or both testes. orchiotomy (orchi/o = testes; -otomy = cutting into) – To cut into the testes. orchioplasty (orchi/o = testes; -plasty = surgical repair) – Surgical repair of testes. prostatectomy (prostat/o = prostate gland; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Surgical removal of the prostate gland. sterilization – Process of rendering a male or female sterile or unable to conceive children. transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP) (trans- = across; urethr/o = urethra; -al = pertaining to) – Surgical removal of the part of the prostate gland that is blocking urine flow by inserting a device through the urethra and removing prostate tissue. vasectomy (vas/o = vas deferens; -ectomy = surgical removal) – Removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving the male body; used for contraception purposes. See Figure 10.23. vasovasostomy (vas/o = vas deferens; -ostomy = create a new opening) – Surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy. 15 mins LO 10 Identify and define selected medications relating to the reproductive systems. Teaching Resources Text Pages: 351; 362 PowerPoint Slides: 121122; 194 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during Female Reproductive lecture. abortifacient – Medication that terminates a pregnancy; mifepristone, Mifeprex; dinoprostone, Prostin E2 Classroom Activities fertility drug – Medication that triggers ovulation; also called ovulation stimulant; clomiphene, Clomid; follitropin alfa, Gonal-F Jeopardy Game: Have students create queshormone replacement therapy (HRT) – Menopause or the surgical loss of the ovations for terms in this section for Jeopardy ries results in the lack of estrogen production. Replacing this hormone may game to be played in class—may be comprevent some of the consequences of menopause, especially in younger women bined with Anatomical, Pathology, Diagnos- ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e who have surgically lost their ovaries; conjugated estrogens, Cenestin, Premarin oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) (or/o = mouth; -al = pertaining to; contra- = against) – Birth control medication that uses low doses of female hormones to prevent conception by blocking ovulation; desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol, Ortho-Cept; ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel, Lo/Ovral oxytocin – Oxytocin is a natural hormone that begins or improves uterine contractions during labor and delivery; oxytocin, Pitocin, Syntocinon tic, and Therapeutic terms. Worksheets 10G – Chapter Review Independent Study Homework Assignment: Have students use PDR and/or Internet to look up additional information regarding these medications, such Male Reproductive as dosage, side effects, and contraindications. androgen therapy (andr/o = male; -gen = that which produces) – Replacement of Text Practice Exercises: male hormones to treat patients who produce insufficient hormone naturally; N. Pharmacology Challenge testosterone cypionate, Andronate, depAndro Medical Terminology Interactive: antiprostatic agents (anti- = against; prostat/o = prostate gland; -ic = pertaining to) – Learning modules Medication to treat early cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia; may prevent Review games surgery for mild cases; finasteride, Proscar; dutasteride, Avodart Chapter practice exam erectile dysfunction agents (-ile = pertaining to; dys- = abnormal, difficult) – Medi- Companion Website: cation that temporarily produces an erection in patients with erectile dysfunc Practice quizzes tion; sildenafil citrate, Viagra; tadalafil, Cialis spermatocide (spermat/o = sperm; -cide = to kill) – Destruction of sperm; one form Competency Assessments of birth control is the use of spermatolytic creams; octoxynol 9, Semicid, Or- Quiz 10G – Chapter Review tho-Gynol Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions 15 mins Define selected abbreviations associated with the reproductive systems. Text Pages: 351; 363 PowerPoint Slides: 123127; 195196 LO 11 Female Reproductive AB abortion AI artificial insemination BSE breast self-examination ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Teaching Tips Emphasize importance of learning abbreviations and their full meanings; point out how some abbreviations, such as CBC, Hgb, sed rate, and GVHD, are typically used rather than full terms. Encourage students to add abbreviations to CS, C-section CVS Cx D&C EDC EMB ERT FEKG FHR FHT FSH FTND GI, grav I GYN, gyn HCG, hCG HDN HPV HRT HSG IUD IVF LBW LH LMP NB OB OCPs PAP PI, para I PID PMS TAH-BSO cesarean section chorionic villus sampling cervix dilation and curettage estimated date of confinement endometrial biopsy estrogen replacement therapy fetal electrocardiogram fetal heart rate fetal heart tone follicle-stimulating hormone full-term normal delivery first pregnancy gynecology human chorionic gonadotropin hemolytic disease of the newborn human papilloma virus hormone replacement therapy hysterosalpingography intrauterine device in vitro fertilization low birth weight luteinizing hormone last menstrual period newborn obstetrics oral contraceptive pills Papanicolaou test first delivery pelvic inflammatory disease premenstrual syndrome total abdominal hysterectomy–bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e their flash cards. Teaching Resources Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture. Classroom Activities Write sentences on the board using medical terms; have students substitute correct abbreviations for the terms. Concentration: Have students assist in creating a concentration game for abbreviations to play in class. Worksheets 10G – Chapter Review Independent Study Text Practice Exercises: Medical Record Analysis B. What Does It Stand For? E. What Does It Stand For? F. What’s the Abbreviation? Medical Terminology Interactive: Learning modules Review games Chapter practice exam Companion Website: Practice quizzes TSS UC toxic shock syndrome uterine contractions Male Reproductive BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia DRE digital rectal exam ED erectile dysfunction GC gonorrhea GU genitourinary PSA prostate-specific antigen RPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis) SPP suprapubic prostatectomy STD sexually transmitted disease TUR transurethral resection TURP transurethral resection of the prostate VD venereal disease ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e Competency Assessments Quiz 10F – Abbreviations Quiz Quiz 10G – Chapter Review Test Bank: True/False questions Multiple-Choice questions Matching questions ©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
