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Dictatorship and Genocide in Germany WHAP/Napp Do Now: . . . On the night of May 10, 1933, thousands of Nazi students, along with many professors, stormed universities, libraries, and bookstores in thirty cities throughout Germany. They removed hundreds of thousands of books and cast them onto bonfires. In Berlin alone, more than twenty thousand books were burned. The book burnings were part of a calculated effort to “purify” German culture. Since April 12, the Nazi German Student Association had been purging libraries, working from lists of books deemed “un-German.” The authors of some of the books were Jews, but most were not. . . . Source: Michael Berenbaum, The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as Told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Little, Brown and Co. According to Michael Berenbaum, what was one way the Nazi Party attempted to control the thoughts of the German people? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Notes: I. Adolf Hitler A. Lived 1889 – 1945 B. World War I veteran 1- Hated the Treaty of Versailles 2- Hated the Weimar Republic C. By 1921, leader of Nazi Party 1- National Socialist German Workers’ Party or NSDAP 2- Nationalism, Militarism, Anti-Semitism D. In 1923, attempted an uprising in Munich 1- Imprisoned 2- Wrote “Mein Kampf” or “My Struggle” E. By 1933, Chancellor of Germany 1- Became dictator of Third Reich 2- Instituted anti-Jewish laws II. The Holocaust A. Nazis’ assault on Jews (1933-1945) 1- Culminated in “Final Solution” a) Six million Jews were murdered b) Gas chambers and executions c) Wanted complete extinction of Jewish race III. Military Aggression A. Invasion of Poland in 1939 1- Began World War II Questions: 1- Who was Adolf Hitler? 2- What were important beliefs of the Nazi Party in Germany? 3- Why did so many Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles? 4- Who did some Germans blame for Germany’s defeat in World War I? 5- Define militarism. 6- Define nationalism. 7- Define Anti-Semitism. 8- How did Hitler promise to change Germany? 9- Why do you think many Germans followed Hitler? 10- What was the Holocaust? 11- How was Hitler a fascist and a totalitarian dictator? Materials adapted from schoolhistory.co.uk Questions: 1: According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, propaganda is the “the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.” How is the excerpt from the above children’s book an example of propaganda? ___________________________________________________________________ 2: Why did the Nazis use propaganda? ___________________________________________________________________ 3: Why are children particularly susceptible to propaganda? ___________________________________________________________________ 4: Why did the Nazis control all media in Germany? ___________________________________________________________________ 5: Why did the Nazis control the educational system? ___________________________________________________________________ 6: How are German Christians portrayed in the above illustration? ___________________________________________________________________ 7: How are German Jews portrayed in the above illustration? ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Which sequence of events is in the correct chronological order? (1) rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles →German invasion of the Soviet Union (2) Treaty of Versailles → rise of Nazism →German invasion of the Soviet Union (3) German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles (4) Treaty of Versailles →German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism The German people were never more pitiable than when they stood by and watched this thing done. For the raiders who were let loose on the streets and given a day to sate [indulge] the lowest instincts of cruelty and revenge were indeed an enemy army. No foreign invader could have done more harm. This is Germany in the hour of her greatest defeat, the best overcome by the worst. While many protested at the outrages, and millions must have been sickened and shamed by the crimes committed in their name, many others looked on stolidly or approvingly while the hunters hunted and the wreckers worked. There are stories of mothers who took their children to see the fun — New York Times, November 12, 1938 This 1938 passage criticizes those German people who did not (1) participate in these demonstrations (2) condemn the violent acts of Kristallnacht (3) support the government’s policy in Austria (4) resist the war effort 3. Which political leader gained power as a result of the failing economy of the Weimar Republic? (1) Adolf Hitler (2) Francisco Franco (3) Benito Mussolini (4) Charles de Gaulle 4. The rise of fascism in Germany between World War I and World War II is often associated with the (1) promotion of ethnic diversity (2) appeal of the doctrine of nonviolence (3) establishment of a strong parliamentary system (4) impact of the global economic depression 5. . . . In his classic defense of freedom of speech in, On Liberty, John Stuart Mill wrote that if a view is not “fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed,” it will become “a dead dogma, not a living truth.” The existence of the Holocaust should remain a living truth, and those who are skeptical about the enormity of the Nazi atrocities should be confronted with the evidence for it. . . . — Peter Singer (adapted) 5. Which statement is consistent with the author’s point concerning the Holocaust? (1) The evils of the past are best ignored and forgotten. (2) Frequent and full discussion of the historical evidence of certain events is desirable. (3) All eras of history include individuals that reject existing values. (4) Every generation must apologize for the failures of earlier generations.