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Physics 122
Final Exam
STUDY GUIDE
Complete the following by answer the question or completing the phrase:
PART I:
1. What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
2. Is a scientist who gets the same result every time but does not match the known value accurate or
precise?
3. How many grams are in 300 cg? How many km are in 500 meters?
4. Where does the dependent variable always go on a graph?
5. Time is almost always what type of variable in graphing?
6. What does a directly proportional relationship look like graphically?
7. What is instantaneous speed? Provide an example.
8. What is the difference between velocity and speed?
9. When does an object have constant velocity?
10. What are the three ways an object can accelerate?
11. Provide an example of an object traveling at constant speed that is accelerating.
12. Which will hit the ground first in a vacuum, a feather or a brick? What about in a room full of air?
Why is there a difference?
13. What is the value for the acceleration due to gravity?
14. What is the difference between scalar and vector?
15. Name 3 examples of scalar quantities. Name 3 examples of vector quantities.
16. What is the average speed of a cat that runs 3 m in 1.5 seconds?
17. If a car travels 5 m/s in the 1st second, 5 m/s during the 2nd second, and 5 m/s during the 3rd
second, what is its acceleration?
18. What is the acceleration of a car that starts from rest and is at 100 m/s after 10 seconds?
19. What are the 3 laws of motion? Give 1 example of each
20. Does Newton’s 1st law apply to objects at rest, moving objects, or both?
21. Once an object is moving through frictionless space, how much force is needed to keep it going?
22. Do you have more mass on Earth or the moon? What about weight?
23. What is meant by net force?
24. How does one achieve equilibrium? What is the net force of an object in equilibrium?
25. What produces accelerations?
26. If an object moves with a constant velocity, what is the acceleration of the object? What is the net
force on the object?
27. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compare the force of the bug on the car to
the force of the car on the bug.
28. How much (in Newtons) does a 55 kg box of books weigh?
29. If you push with 25 N on a 5 kg box across a frictionless surface, how fast will the box accelerate?
30. What are the two types of friction? Compare and contrast them.
31. Which type of friction does an object in free fall experience?
32. Between 400 N and 500 N, which will be the static friction and which will be the kinetic friction?
33. If an object travels at the same speed and the same direction, is the object accelerating?
34. If you throw a ball straight up, what is the ball’s acceleration at the top of its path? What is its
instantaneous velocity?
35. How does a projectile move in the horizontal direction? Why? How does a projectile move in the
vertical direction? Why?
36. How are a projectile’s horizontal velocity and vertical velocity related?
37. What is the direction of the force that causes an object to move in a circular path?
38. What is the force called that causes an object to move in a circular path?
39. If you whirl a can on the end of a string, and the string suddenly breaks, what will the can do?
40. In the demonstration shown in class with the can being whirled around in a circle with water in it,
why does the water stay in the can (name the specific physics quality)?
41. What would happen to the moon if the Earth suddenly disappeared?
42. How is the gravitational force acting between two objects related to mass? What does this mean?
43. How is the gravitational force acting between two objects related to the distance between them?
What does this mean?
44. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects when the mass of one of the objects
doubles?
45. What happens to the gravitational force between two objects when the mass of both objects
doubles?
46. How is the gravitational force acting between two objects related to mass?
47. How is the gravitational force acting between two objects related to the distance between them?
48. Can there ever be zero gravity anywhere in the universe? Why or why not?
49. What is your weight in the middle of the earth?
50. Will you weigh more or less in an elevator accelerating up?
51. Will you weigh more or less in an elevator moving at a constant speed up?
52. Where is the center of gravity on a baseball bat?
53. List objects in which the center of gravity is located at a point where there is no mass.
54. What is the rule for toppling?
55. When you carry a heavy load with one arm, why do you tend to hold your free arm away from
your body?
56. How can you increase your chance of loosening a nut with a wrench?
57. Two people sit on a seesaw. If one of the people is heavier that the other, where does the heavy
person need to sit compared to the lighter one in order for the seesaw to balance?
58. Where is the fulcrum on a door?
59. Which has more momentum, a bicycle moving at 10 m/s or a car moving at 10 m/s? Why?
60. Compare the momentum of a large truck moving at 40 mph to the momentum of the same truck
moving at 80 mph.
61. If the momentum of an object changes and the mass remains constant, the ____________ is
changing, it is _________________, and there is a ___________ acting on it.
62. Why do cars have padded dashboards and airbags?
63. A gun is fired. Compare the impulse on the gun to the impulse on the bullet. Why is the speed of
the bullet so much greater that the speed of the gun’s recoil?
64. When would the momentum of a system not be conserved?
65. If you were stranded in the middle of a frozen pond where there is no friction between your feet
and the ice, what could you do to get off the ice?
66. If you are in space (frictionless) and you throw an object that is less massive than you, which will
move away faster, you or the object? What if the object is more massive than you? What if the
object is the same mass as you?
67. Compare elastic and inelastic collisions.
68. A 5 kg cart moves with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is the momentum of the cart?
PART II:
1. If you lift two loads up one story, how much work do you do compared to lifting one load up one
story?
2. In which situation is more power required: slowly lifting a book bag full of books up the stairs or
quickly lifting the same book bag full of books the same stairs?
3. Can an object at rest have energy? What type(s)?
4. How much work has a 20 N object done if it is being lifted 3 meters above the ground? How
much is being done when it is at rest 3 meters above the ground?
5. Give an example of when an object can have both elastic and gravitational potential energy.
6. If a rock in a sling-shot has 100 J of potential energy, how much kinetic energy will it have after it
has been shot (assume no energy is lost due to heat)?
7. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 40 kg object that is 5 meters in the air?
8. If a ball is moving at a speed of 3 m/s and has a mass of 10 kg, what is its KE?
9. If an object has kinetic energy, what must it also have?
10. A boulder sitting on top of a cliff has 1000 J of potential energy. If the boulder falls off the cliff,
how much kinetic energy will it have when it reaches the ground?
11. A roller coast has 200 J of gravitational PE at rest at the top of a hill. While it is traveling down
the hill, at one point it has 70 J of KE. How much gravitational PE does it have at this point?
12. At what temperature does all molecular motion stop (state in Kelvins and degrees Celsius)?
13. Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a ____________ difference.
Heat always flows on its own from a _________ object to a __________ object.
14. Why do sidewalks tend to “buckle” during the summertime?
15. When molecules move more slowly, the KE _________, and the temperature __________.
16. When have two objects reached thermal equilibrium?
17. What will happen to a soda if you put it in the freezer over night?
18. What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?
19. List 3 examples of good conductors. List 3 examples of good insulators.
20. Styrofoam is a good _____________.
21. Why do you tend where white in the summer and black in the winter?
22. Why can you hold your fingers beside a candle flame without getting hurt?
23. Heat travels from the sun to the earth by the process of ____________.
24. Do waves move matter or energy?
25. Give an example of a transverse wave. What does it look like?
26. Give an example of a longitudinal wave. What does it look like?
27. What is the source of nearly all wave motion?
28. If a tuning fork vibrates 220 times in one second, what is the frequency?
29. What is the period of one rotation of the earth?
30. What happens to the pitch of the sound of a car’s horn as it approaches you?
31. What color is a Doppler shift for a storm front moving towards us? How about for one moving
away from us?
32. A Doppler shift measures a change in what property of a wave?
33. In constructive interference, do you add or subtract the amplitudes?
34. In what type of medium does sound travel the fastest?
35. If the period of a wave is 2 seconds, what is the frequency?
36. How does pitch relate to frequency?
37. What happens to the KE of a sound wave as it moves from ice to water?
38. When is there no sound?
39. When something gets louder, what type of interference is it? What happens to the amplitude?
40. What type of wave is an EM wave, transverse or longitudinal?
41. What are all of the EM waves in order from longest wavelength to shortest?
42. What type of EM wave has the most energy? What type of EM wave has the highest frequency?
43. Which type of EM wave moves the fastest?
44. How is frequency related to wavelength?
45. In what type of medium does light travel the fastest?
46. What type of electromagnetic waves do heat lamps give off?
47. Compare the speed of light in water to the speed of light in air.
48. What happens to the KE of a light wave when it travels from air to water?
49. What is the speed of light?
50. List the three primary colors of light.
51. What color do you get when you mix red and green light?
52. When a virtual image is created in a plane mirror, do the reflected rays converge or diverge, where
is the image located, and is the image upright or inverted?
53. How does an echo occur? What is the study of the reflection of sound called?
54. Why does refraction occur?
55. What are the two types of mirrors? Which type is used on your passenger’s side mirror? Which
type is used in make-up compacts?
56. All lenses do what to light (reflect or refract)?
57. Describe a converging lens. What does it look like? Does it converge or diverge parallel rays of
light?
58. Which type of mirror will produce a real image?
59. What principle do all lenses rely on?
60. Compare real and virtual images.
61. The glasses of a nearsighted person need to use what type of lens? How about for those who are
farsighted?
62. What type of lens does the human eye have?
63. Describe what type of images can be formed from a converging lens, when it is close and when it
is far.
64. Describe what type of image can be formed from a diverging lens.
65. What is diffraction? Give an example.
66. In Young’s experiment, are the light fringes a result of constructive or destructive interference?
67. If you break a magnet in half, how many poles do you have, which types and where?
68. If you wrap more loops of wire around a nail, what happens to the magnetic force on a
electromagnet?
69. Isotope A has a half-life of 20 years. If we start with a sample of 100 g at time zero, how much
will be left after 20 years? After 40 years?
70. What are the 3 types of radioactive decay particles? What makes up each one?
71. Which radioactive decay particle has the most energy? Which has the least?
72. Explain the difference between fission and fusion.
73. During fusion, is energy released or absorbed? Is mass lost or added?
74. During fission, is energy released or absorbed? Is mass lost or added?
75. What is meant by the phrase mass-energy equivalence?