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Bio 2008, Section 4682/ Dr. Mack
Exam 2: Diversity
10/22/02
Name:_____________________________
Please answer the following 35 multiple-choice on your scantron bubble sheets, and the following 3
essay questions on this form. Each multiple-choice question is worth 2 points and each essay question is
worth 10 points.
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The deepest categorization of life is
bacteria, archaea and eukarya.
bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals.
bacteria, protists, fungi, planta, and animalia.
planta and animalia.
None of the above
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Sexual reproduction enhances chances for adaptation by
causing mutation.
recombination.
random distribution.
gene loss.
allowing gene flow.
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Chemoheterotrophs cannot obtain their energy from
food.
autotrophs.
other heterotrophs.
complex chemical substances.
sunlight.
4. Which of the following nutritional categories of bacteria can exist independently of other
organisms?
A) Photoautotrophs
B) Photoheterotrophs
C) Photochemotrophs
D) Chemoheterotrophs
E) More than one of the above
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Bacteria participate in
digestion in animals.
processing nitrogen and sulfur in soils.
decomposition in all ecosystems.
many industrial and commercial processes.
All of the above
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Eukarya include
Protista.
Plantae.
Fungi.
Animalia.
All of the above
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Protists are found in which of the following habitats?
Marine
Freshwater aquatic
Within the body fluids of other organisms
Damp soil
All of the above
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The overall size that unicellular protists can achieve is limited by their
energy-producing potential.
metabolism.
mitochondria.
surface area–to–volume ratio.
None of the above
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9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Plants are
eukaryotic, multicellular photosynthesizers.
eukaryotic, unicellular autotrophs.
eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs.
prokaryotic, multicellular autotrophs.
prokaryotic, unicellular heterotrophs.
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
It is widely agreed that the plant kingdom arose from
Eumycota.
Chrysophyta.
Phaeophyta.
Rhodophyta.
Chlorophyta.
11. The most abundant gymnosperm phylum today contains the cone-bearing plants such as pines.
These plants belong to the phylum
A) Cycadophyta.
B) Ginkgophyta.
C) Gnetophyta.
D) Coniferophyta.
E) None of the above
12. All plant life cycles have alternation of generations, alternating between the gametophyte
generation and the __________ generation. This generation extends from the zygote through the
adult, multicellular, diploid plant.
A) heteromorphic
B) sporophyte
C) vascular
D) archegonium
E) antheridium
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The reproductive organ of angiosperms is the
sporangium.
flower.
cone.
archegonium.
sporophyte.
14. Nonvascular plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants. The most probable
explanation is that they could not solve the problems posed by
A) photosynthesis.
B) respiration.
C) nutrient and water transportation within the plants themselves.
D) nutrient and water absorption.
E) All of the above
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Two important evolutionary consequences of plants having tissues composed of tracheids are
a plant vascular system and structural support.
structural support and increased growth.
enhanced photosynthesis and structural support.
enhanced photosynthesis and a plant vascular system.
None of the above
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The cell walls of all fungi consist of the polysaccharide
chitin.
cellulose.
starch.
silica.
pectin.
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Match the terms from the list below with following descriptions of fungal interactions. Each term may be
used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.
Decomposition
b.
Competitive
c.
Predation
d.
Parasitic
e.
Mutualistic
17. Fungus decaying a fallen tree.
18. Black stem rust draws nutrition from wheat. The rust damages the wheat plant.
19. Fungi grow in association with the roots of soybeans, providing the plants with more minerals.
20. A constricting ring formed by Arthrobotrys traps a nematode. Fungal hyphae invade and digest
the nematode.
21. Seed germination in most orchid species depends on the presence of a specific fungus species.
The fungus derives nutrients from the seed and seedling.
22. Some leaf-cutting ants farm fungi, feeding the fungi and later harvesting and eating them. The
ants may even "weed" the fungal gardens by removing other fungal species.
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which phyla contain acoelomate animals?
Porifera and Rotifera
Porifera and Cnidaria
Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes
Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda
Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Rotifera
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which phyla contain coelomate animals?
Arthropods and Rotifera
Arthropods and Annelida
Arthropods, Annelida, and Rotifera
Arthropods, Annelida, Rotifera, and Nematoda
Arthropods, Annelida, Rotifera, Nematoda, and Platyhelminthes
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cephalization is most commonly associated with
spherical symmetry.
radial symmetry.
biradial symmetry.
bilateral symmetry.
sessile animals.
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Insects belong to the phylum
Nematoda.
Crustacea.
Uniramia.
Chelicerata
None of the above
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Most of protostome evolution took place in:
Oceans.
Terrestrial environments.
Freshwater environments.
A and C.
None of the above.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Amphibians breathe air by which two means?
Gills and swim bladders
Gills and thin skin
Lungs and gills
Lungs and thin skin
Swim bladders and lungs
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29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The single most characteristic feature of birds is
the ability to fly.
the ability to lay eggs that will not dry out.
feathers.
the enormous amount of parental care they provide their young.
All of the above
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The birds, or Aves,
descended most recently from an amphibian ancestor.
should be included in the class Mammalia.
should include some modern reptiles.
should include all modern reptiles.
are in the class that includes dinosaurs and crocodiles.
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following characteristics is unique to the marsupial mammals?
They are the only egg-laying mammals.
Their mammary glands have no nipples.
They have no placentas.
Gestation is short, and the young complete development outside the uterus in a special pouch.
They are only found in Australia.
32. The oldest fossil remains of members of our genus, Homo, suggest that early relatives of
humans lived
A) near the oceans, where fish are plentiful throughout the year.
B) near rivers, where fish and fresh water are plentiful.
C) in the Midwestern United States, where there is some of the most fertile soil in the world.
D) in the American tropics, where there are long growing seasons and many species of fruits and
berries.
E) in dry African savannas, eating roots, bulbs, tubers, and animals.
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following hominids is oldest?
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Neanderthals
Cro-Magnons
34. Which of the following was not a change that accompanied the transition from the
australopithecines to Homo habilis?
A) Increase in brain size
B) Change in diet
C) Increase in body size
D) Use of tools
E) Dispersal of populations to Europe and Asia
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Bipedalism is thought to have evolved in the human lineage because bipedal locomotion is
more efficient than quadrupedal locomotion.
more efficient than quadrupedal locomotion, and it frees the hands to manipulate objects.
less efficient than quadrupedal locomotion, but it frees the hands to manipulate objects.
less efficient than quadrupedal locomotion, but bipedal animals can run faster.
less efficient than quadrupedal locomotion, but natural selection does not act to improve
efficiency.
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ESSAY QUESTIONS:
36. Explain why the form of a plant organ does not always equal its function. Include examples of this
principle for leaves, stems and roots.
World population
37. Please sketch the three major surges of Homo sapiens population growth on the graph below. Label
and describe each phase and explain the factors that led an acceleration of population growth. When and
how will the third surge end?
1010
109
108
107
106
106
105
104 103 102 10
Years before present
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now
38. A developing tropical country is cutting down rainforest at a rate of 10,000 hectares per day.
Scientists estimate that rainforest plant and insect species are becoming extinct as a result of this
habitat destruction. Please respond to the following questions: (a) does this have anything to do
with you? Why or why not? (b) What role do you think developed or industrialized countries
should play in the preservation of biodiversity in developing countries? And finally, (c) outline a
brief letter that you might send to the above developing country stating your opinion about how
they should treat their biodiversity.
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