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Course Schedule Model (meeting two times a week) 202 Lecture Date Week 1 1 Introduction to the course Chapter 26 Sunday Hormones and the Endocrine 22/10/1430 System 11/10/2009 26.1 Chemical signals coordinate body functions 2 26.2 Hormones affect target cells by two main signaling mechanisms Tuesday 24/10/1430 26.3 Overview: The 13/10/2009 vertebrate endocrine system consists of more than a dozen major glands 3 26.4 The hypothalamus, which is closely tied to the Sunday 29/10/1430 pituitary, connects the 18/10/2009 nervous and endocrine systems 4 26.5 The thyroid regulates development and metabolism 26.6 Hormones from the thyroid and parathyroids maintain calcium Tuesday 1/11/1430 homeostasis 20/10/2009 26.7 Pancreatic hormones regulate blood glucose levels 26.10 The gonads secrete sex hormones Chapter quiz 5 Chapter 33 PLANT HORMONES 33.1 Experiments on how plants turn toward light led Sunday to the discovery of a plant 6/10/1430 hormone 25/10/2009 33.2 Five major types of hormones regulate plant growth and development 33.3 Auxin stimulates the 2 3 Topic 1 Reading Assignment What is Due? Chapter 26 part 26.1 Buy Book Chapter 33 3.1,3.2,3.3 Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment elongation of cells in young shoots 33.4 Cytokinins stimulate cell division 33.5 Gibberellins affect stem elongation and have numerous other effects 33.6 Abscisic acid inhibits many plant processes 33.7 Ethylene triggers fruit ripening and other aging processes 6 33.9 Tropisms orient plant growth toward or away from environmental stimuli 33.10 Plants have internal clocks Tuesday 33.11 Plants mark the 8/11/1430 seasons by measuring 27/10/2009 photoperiod 33.12 Phytochrome is a light detector that may help set the biological clock Chapter Quiz Chapter 33 7 Chapter 28 Nervous Systems 28.1 Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands 28.2 Neurons are the functional units of nervous Sunday systems 13/11/1430 28.3 A neuron maintains a Chapter 28 1/11/2009 membrane potential across its membrane 28.4 A nerve signal begins as a change in the membrane potential 28.5 The action potential propagates itself along the neuron 8 Tuesday 28.6 Neurons communicate 15/11/1430 at synapses 3/11/2009 28.7 Chemical synapses 4 2 What is Due? Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment make complex information processing possible 28.8 A variety of small molecules function as neurotransmitters 28.10 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: The evolution of animal nervous systems reflects changes in body symmetry 9 5 6 Saturday 19/11/1430 First Exam 8/11/2009 28.11 Vertebrate nervous systems are highly centralized and cephalized 28.12 Peripheral nervous Sunday system (PNS) 20/11/1430 28.13 Opposing actions of 9/11/2009 sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons regulate the internal environment 10 28.14 The vertebrate brain develops from three anterior bulges of the neural tube 28.15 The structure of a Tuesday living supercomputer: The 22/11/1430 human brain 11/11/2009 28.16 The cerebral cortex is a mosaic of specialized, interactive regions Chapter Quiz 11 Chapter 29 SENSORY RECEPTION 29.1 Sensory inputs become sensations and perceptions in Sunday the brain 27/11/1430 29.2 Sensory receptors 16/11/2009 convert stimulus energy to action potentials 29.3 Specialized sensory receptors detect five categories of stimuli 3 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 What is Due? Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment HEARING AND BALANCE 29.4 The ear converts air pressure waves to action potentials that are perceived as sound 29.5 The inner ear houses our organs of balance 12 13 7 14 VISION 29.7 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Several types of eyes have evolved among animals 29.8 Humans have singlelens eyes that focus by changing position or shape 29.9 CONNECTION: Artificial lenses or surgery Tuesday can correct focusing 29/11/1430 problems 18/11/2009 29.10 The human retina contains two types of photoreceptors: rods and cones TASTE AND SMELL 29.11 Taste and odor receptors detect chemicals present in solution or air Chapter Quiz Chapter 29 Chapter 23 Circulation 23.1 Circulatory systems Sunday facilitate exchange with all 19/12/1430 body tissues 23/11/2009 23.2 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Vertebrate Cardiovascular systems reflect evolution Chapter 23 23.3 The human cardiovascular system Tuesday illustrates the double 21/12/1430 circulation of mammals 25/11/2009 23.4 The heart contracts and relaxes rhythmically 4 Chapter 23 What is Due? Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment 23.5 The pacemaker sets the tempo of the heartbeat 23.6 CONNECTION: What is a heart attack? 15 16 8 17 9 18 23.7 The structure of blood vessels fits their functions 23.8 Blood pressure and velocity reflect the structure Sunday and arrangement of blood 26/12/1430 vessels 30/11/2009 23.9 CONNECTION: Measuring blood pressure can reveal cardiovascular problems 23.12 Blood consists of red and white blood cells suspended in plasma 23.13 CONNECTION: Too few or too many red blood cells can be unhealthy Tuesday 28/12/1430 23.14 Blood clots plug leaks 2/12/2009 when blood vessels are injured 23.15 CONNECTION: Stem cells offer a potential cure for blood cell diseases Chapter Quiz Chapter 24 The Immune System INNATE DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION 24.1 Both invertebrates and vertebrates have innate Sunday defenses against infection 3/1/1431 24.2 The inflammatory 26/12/2009 response mobilizes innate defenses 24.3 The lymphatic system becomes a crucial battleground during infection ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Tuesday 24.4 The acquired immune 5/1/1431 response counters specific 28/12/2009 invaders 5 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 24 What is Due? Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment 24.5 Lymphocytes mount a dual defense 24.6 Antigens have specific regions where antibodies bind to them 24.7 Clonal selection musters defensive forces against specific antigens 24.8 Antibodies are the weapons of the humoral immune response 24.9 Antibodies mark antigens for elimination 19 Sunday 10/1/1431 2/1/2010 Mid-Term Exam Tuesday 12/1/1431 4/1/2010 24.11 Helper T cells stimulate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses 24.12 Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells 24.13 CONNECTION: HIV Chapter 24 destroys helper T cells, compromising the body’s defenses 24.17 CONNECTION: Allergies are overreactions to certain environmental antigens Chapter Quiz Sunday 17/1/1431 9/1/2010 Chapter 35 THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 35.1 Behavioral ecologists ask both proximate and ultimate questions 35.2 Fixed action patterns are innate behaviors 35.3 Behavior is the result of both genetic and environmental factors LEARNING 35.4 Learning establishes specific links between 20 10 21 11 6 Chapter 35 What is Due? Lecture Date Week Topic Reading Assignment experience and behavior 35.5 Imprinting requires both innate behavior and experience 35.7 Animal movement may be a simple response to stimuli or require spatial learning 22 Tuesday 19/1/1431 11/1/2010 23 12 24 35.8 Movements of animals may depend on internal maps 35.9 Animals may learn to associate a stimulus or behavior with a response 35.10 Social learning employs observation and imitation of others Chapter 35 35.11 Problem-solving behavior relies on cognition 35.13 Communication is an essential element of interactions between animals 35.18 Territorial behavior parcels space and resources Chapter Quiz Sunday 24/1/1431 16/1/2010 Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 37.1 A community includes all the organisms inhabiting a Chapter 37 particular area 37.2 Interspecific interactions are fundamental to community structure 37.3 Competition may occur when a shared resource is limited 37.4 Mutualism benefits both partners Tuesday 26/1/1431 18/1/2010 37.5 EVOLUTION CONNECTION: Predation leads to diverse adaptations 7 Chapter 37 What is Due? Lecture Week 13 Date Topic in prey 37.7 Parasites and pathogens can affect community composition 37.8 Trophic structure is a key factor in community dynamics 37.9 Food chains interconnect, forming food webs 37.19 The carbon cycle depends on photosynthesis and respiration 37.20 The phosphorus cycle depends on the weathering of rock 37.21 The nitrogen cycle depends on bacteria Chapter Quiz Final exam 8 Reading Assignment What is Due?