Download Taxonomy and Classification

Taxonomy and Classification
Taxonomy – putting organisms (or any object) into a category based on
similarities
Carolus Linnaeus – 17the c. Botanist
Created modern taxonomic system
Binomial Nomenclature (two named system)
Latin
Name either italicized or underlined
1st is the Genus name (ex. Homo)
o Always has the first letter capitalized
2nd is the Species name (ex. sapien)
o Always is written in lower case
Binomial nomenclature is used because the common name - name
given to an organism in a particular region (ex. Great Dane in the US;
German Hound in Europe) can change
Naming System
Kingdom (lease specific)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)
6 Kingdoms
Moneran (Bacteria)
Most numerous kingdom & oldest
Single celled
Prokaryotic (simple celled)
o No organelles, no membrane around DNA
Autotrophs (make own food), photosynthesis OR
Heterotrophs (absorb nutrients from other organism)
Often are parasites
o Ex. Staphylococcus aureus
Archea (Extremophiles)
1st discovered in 1978
Single celled
In between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Live in “extreme” environments
o Deep sea vents, brine ponds, hot springs
Autotrophs (make own food) photosynthesis, chemosynthesis
o Ex. Thermophiles
Protists
Single celled
Eukaryotes (complex)
o Have organelles,
membrane around nucleus
Most diverse kingdom
o Ex. Protozoan – single celled animals, heterotrophs
o Ex. Algae – single celled, photosynthesis
Fungi
Single & multicellular
Eukaryotes (complex)
Decomposers (break down materials)
Heterotrophs (absorb nutrients from outside their bodies), can
be parasites
Ex. Yeast (single celled) Mushrooms (multi-celled)
Plants
Multicellular
Eukaryotes (complex)
Autotrophs, photosynthesis
o Ex. Trees
Animals
Multicellular
Eukaryotes (complex)
Heterotrophs, eat other organisms
Ex. Dogs