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SNC1PL Calculating Distance in Space Name Kilometer Short Form km Relative Distance Purpose 1000 m Distances on Earth. Astronomical Unit A.U. 150 000 000 km Distances within our solar system Light Year 9.46 x 1012 km Distances beyond our solar system ly 1) Fill in the following table. PLANET DISTANCE FROM SUN IN KILOMETRES DISTANCE FROM SUN IN ASTRONOMICAL UNITS MASS OF PLANET IN KILOGRAMS MASS OF PLANET COMPARED TO EARTH DIAMETER OF PLANET IN KILOMETRES MERCURY 57 800 000 3.3 X 1023 4878 VENUS 108 200 000 4.89 X 1024 12 104 EARTH 150 000 000 6 X 1024 12 750 MARS 227 900 000 6.42 X 1023 6 787 JUPITER 778 300 000 1.914 X 1027 142 800 SATURN 1 427 000 000 5.712 X 1026 120 660 URANUS 2 870 000 000 8.76 X 1025 50 800 NEPTUNE 4 497 000 000 1.03 X 1026 48 600 DIAMETER OF PLANET COMPARED TO EARTH 2) Arrange the planets in order by mass, from smallest to largest. ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ 3) Arrange the planets in order by diameter, from smallest to largest. ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________ 4) Was the order the same? Suggest a reason for the difference. 5) Brazil's flag contains Adhara, a star in the Canis Major constellation, which is located 4.0678 x 1015 km away. How far away is Adhara in light years? 6) Electra is a blue-white star located in the Taurus constellation and is located 37 840 000 AU away from Earth. How far away is Electra in light years? 7) Polaris, the North Star, is the brightest star in the Ursa Minor (Little Dipper) constellation and is located directly above Earth's northern pole. It takes light 433 years to travel from Polaris to Earth. What is this distance in AU? 8) Sirius, the brightest star in Earth's sky is approximately 8.6 ly away from Earth. Describe this distance in astronomical units. 9) The rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy is a part of the Sagittarius constellation and is called Sagittarius A*. It is hypothesized that a supermassive black hole exists at this point 25 370 AU away. Describe this distance in light years. 10) How many astronomical units are there in one light year? 11) How long would it take a radio transmission travelling at the speed of light (c=300 000 km /s) to travel from Earth to Mars? to Jupiter? to Uranus? (assume shortest distances) 12) Our sun has a radius of 7.0 x 108 m. VY Canis Majoris, the largest star known to humans has a radius that is 2 000 x larger than the Sun's. How many astronomical units is VY Canis Majoris' diameter?