Download Objective 10 Study Guide

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Objective 5.2 Study Guide
1. What is a star?
A hot, bright ball of gas.
2. What color stars are the hottest?
Blue
3. What color stars are the coolest?
Red
4. When stars are different colors, we can conclude
that they have different _____.
a. Sizes
c. temperatures
b. Liquids
d. gases
5. What is a star made of?
a. Gases
c. solids
b. Liquids
d. gases and solids
6. When white light passes through a prism, it
creates a band of color called a (n) _____.
a. Wavelength
c emission line
b. Spectrum
d. spectrograph
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7. What can scientists tell about a star from its
spectrum?
a. Its composition
c. its composition
and temperature
b. Its age
d. its age and
temperature
8. Stars are now classified by how _____.
a. Hot they are
c. far away they are
b. Cold they are
d. close they are
9. The hottest stars are _____?
a. yellow
c. red
b. orange
d. blue
10.
11.
12.
A star’s magnitude refers to its _____.
a. Temperature
c. size
b. Brightness
d. age
How bright a star appears as seen from Earth
is called apparent magnitude.
Why is the Sun the brightest object in the
sky?
The sun is the brightest object in the sky because it
is so close to the Earth.
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13.
What unit of measurement do astronomers
use to determine distances from Earth to the
stars?
Light-year
14.
Explain why you see different constellations
in the sky at different times of the year.
As the Earth revolves around the sun, the night
side of the Earth points to different parts of the
universe.
15.
Most galaxies are classified by their _____.
a. Shape
c. age
b. Size
d. color
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Each of the following statements is true of a spiral
galaxy, an elliptical galaxy or an irregular galaxy.
Write S for a spiral galaxy, E for an elliptical galaxy,
and I for an irregular galaxy.
__E__16. These galaxies contain mostly old stars.
__S__17. The Milky Way is probably this type of
galaxy.
__I__18. Many of these galaxies may have their
shape distorted by neighboring galaxies.
__S__19. Most galaxies are of this type.
__E__20. These galaxies are massive blobs of stars.
__I__21. These galaxies are close companions of
another galaxy.
__S__22. These galaxies have a bulge in the center
and spiral arms.
23.
Large clouds of gas and dust are called
nebulas.
24.
A tight group of stars that looks like a ball is
called a globular cluster.
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25. What is a quasar?
Quasars are the most distant objects in the
universe. They give off much more energy than a
star.
26.
Why is looking through a telescope like
looking back in time?
It takes time for light to travel through space, so
looking through a telescope is like looking back in
time. You are seeing what the star or object
looked thousands or even millions of years ago.
27. What does the word planet mean?
Wanderers
28.
29.
The average distance between the sun and
Earth is _____.
a. The light year
c. the kilometer
b. The astronomical unit
d. the parsec
How many planets are in the inner solar
system?
Four – Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
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30.
How many planets are in the outer solar
system?
Five – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and
Pluto.
31.
The inner planets are also called terrestrial
planets.
32.
How do the inner planets differ from the
outer planets?
The inner planets are small, dense and rocky. The
outer planets are huge balls of gas.
33.
What separates the inner planets from the
outer planets?
The asteroid belt.
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Match the correct definition with the correct term.
__C__34. the time that a planet
takes to go around
the sun once
__D__35. the motion of a body
orbiting another body
in space
__A__36. the amount of time
that an object takes to
rotate once
__B__37. the amount of time
an object takes to
revolve around the sun
38.
a. period of
rotation
b. period of
revolution
c. year
d. revolution
Which of the terrestrial planets has the
densest atmosphere?
Venus
39.
What causes the high surface temperatures on
Venus?
The dense atmosphere of Venus absorbs the heat
from the sun and holds it in the process known as
the Greenhouse Effect.
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40.
A planet with a prograde rotation appears to
spin counterclockwise as seen from above its
North Pole.
41.
A planet with a retrograde rotation appears
to spin clockwise as seen from above its
North Pole.
42.
Explain why Earth appears to be the only
planet suitable to support life.
Earth is located at just the right distance from the
sun to keep its water from freezing and cool
enough to keep its water from boiling away.
43. What evidence suggests that there was once
liquid water on Mars?
a. the Martian icecaps
c. features like
wave patterns
b. features like dry riverbeds d. water vapor
in its
atmosphere
44.
Give two reasons Mars is a cold planet.
It has a thin atmosphere that cannot trap
heat. It is located much farther out from
the sun than Earth is.
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45.
The largest extinct shield type volcano on
Mars is called Olympus Mons.
46.
A planet that has a deep, massive atmosphere
is called a gas giant.
47.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is Jupiter’s Great Red Spot?
thick layers of clouds
metallic hydrogen
a huge storm system
colorful organic molecules
What happens to the gases in Jupiter’s
atmosphere as the depth increases?
As depth and pressure increases, hydrogen gas
turns into a liquid form. Deeper still, the liquid
hydrogen changes into a liquid, metallic state. The
deeper the atmosphere gets, the hotter the
temperature is.
48.
49. What are Saturn’s rings made of?
Icy particles
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What is unusual about Uranus’s axis of
rotation?
It is tilted almost 90°and lies on its side.
50.
51.
What drives the belts of whirling clouds and
storms visible in images of Neptune’s
atmosphere?
The release of thermal energy causes the warm
gases to rise and the cool gases to sink. This
produces the wind patterns that create the belts of
clouds.
52.
What does the sun look like from the surface
of Pluto?
The sun looks like a distant, bright star.
53. What is unusual about Pluto’s moon?
Charon is more than half the size of Pluto.
54.
55.
All of the planets have moons EXCEPT for
Mercury and Venus.
What happens to impacts on the surface of
bodies without an atmosphere?
Without an atmosphere, they are preserved
unchanged.
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56.
What is the current theory about the origin of
the moon?
The current theory is that a large, Mars-sized
object collided with Earth. Part of the Earth’s
mantle was blasted into orbit around the Earth to
form the moon.
57. What materials are comets made of?
Ice, rock and cosmic dust
Why are comets sometimes called “dirty
snowballs?”
They are called “dirty snowballs” because of their
composition. They are made of ice with pieces of
rock and dust frozen into them.
58.
59. What is unusual about the orbit of a comet?
It is highly elliptical when compared to the orbit of
a planet or moon.
60. What happens to the two “tails” of a comet?
The dust tail follows the orbit around the sun.
The ion tail always points AWAY from the sun.
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61. What are asteroids? Where are they located?
Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that orbit the
sun. They are located in the asteroid belt between
the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
62.
What is a meteoroid? Where do they come
from?
A meteoroid is a VERY small, rocky body that
orbits the sun. Meteoroids are probably pieces of
asteroids.
63. What causes meteor showers?
A meteor shower commonly occurs when Earth
passes through the debris field left behind by a
comet.
64.
Why does the Earth generally have fewer
impacts than the moon?
Our atmosphere acts as a shield to protect us.
Most objects burn up as they fall through the
atmosphere and therefore can’t affect us on Earth.
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65.
What are the three reasons why most craters
left on Earth are no longer visible?
Erosion, weathering and tectonic forces tend to
hide or erase the features of any impact craters
that do form.
66.
How often do large objects that could cause
global catastrophe strike Earth?
On average, every few hundred thousand years.