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POLYTRONICS
EMERGING FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
BY:
K.RAJANI
III-B.TECH
PHNO:9848540994
M.ANITHA
III-B.TECH
PHNO: 9951960070
EMAIL: [email protected]
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Sir c.r.r college of engineering
1
Abstract:
technology emerges practically, the
For many years plastics
were
well
known
INSULATORS
merely
and
were
world of electronics will take a new
as
leap.
used
In today’s world of ever-
predominantly for shielding copper
new
expanding technology, Polytronics is
technology POLYTRONICS, changes
going to change the whole world of
our
consumer electronics and form the
wires.
Now
the
viewpoint
emerging
in
visualizing
the
conducting polymers as a material of
principal
MICROELECTRONICS.
advancement
research towards Polytronics. We
making
hope that, in the forthcoming years
semiconductor chips. This technology
Polytronics will accelerate the pace of
has number of upcoming areas of
the technological advancements and
interest where lot of research is going
to
manufacture
of
companies have turned their entire
they can be manufactured at a fraction
on
design
great start and all the technological
that consume less power and above all
in
the
major
of polymer electronics has taken a
enough to easy rolling up of circuits
involved
in
the
printed circuit boards (PCB).The era
in conjunction with silicon is flexible
cost
for
electronic circuits and manufacture of
Microelectronics technology
of
root
describe a new dimension in the near
microelectronic
future.
components on plastic substrates which
would allow manufacturing of gadgets
Introduction:
through just printing process. In this
Silicon
has
largely
paper I would like to impart my ideas
influenced the Electronics industry
on
and would continue to do so over a
INKJET
PRINTING
TECHNOLOGY which plays main role
period
in
technologists are now looking at other
printing
polymer
circuits,
of
time.
However,
ELECTRONIC PAPER, construction
alternatives,
and manufacturing of Plastic batteries,
CIRCUITS”, to meet our future
medicinal applications of Polytronics
needs. Here is a look into how
using
plastics would influence the world of
RUBBER
CIRCUITS
and
ELECTRO ACTIVE POLYMER and
electronics.
ORGANIC LED (OLED). If this
2
mainly
“PLASTIC
The study of usage of polymeric
due to the large complex processes
materials in electronics is termed as
involved.
“POLYTRONICS”.This
polytronics
techniques are used to pattern wafers
has some advantages over silicon
with microcircuit, which is grown in
technology. They are
powerful vacuum, while the wafers
1.
are baked at temperatures of several
Easy
Manufacturability (mass
Photolithographic
production).
hundred
2. Low cost.
PRINTING
3. They can be recycled and reused
provides continuous production line
(decreases environmental stress).
centigrades.The
INKJET
TECHNOLOGY
of plastic circuits on plastic substrates
4. Consumes less power.
and then cut into individual units. The
5. They are mobile, small, and light in
substrates
weight.
material that is as transparent as
6. They are used to make display
vugraph
devices that have extraordinary
technology plays a major role in the
picture quality.
development of “flat screen” displays.
The
developing
feasibility
entire
are
made
sheets.This
of
acetate
printing
Principle
of
electronic
A
piezoelectric
material
components on basis of polymers is
expands when a voltage is passed
met
PRINTING
across it, pressing on a reservoir fluid
TECHNOLOGY” and is illustrated
and sending droplets flying out on to
by several
the substrates.
by
“INKJET
applications
such as
electronic paper, plastic batteries, etc.
Here,
“TOPGATE
Inkjet printing technology:
The
huge
cost
the
TRANSISTOR”
explained below.
of
manufacturing Silicon microchip is
3
construction
of
is
Construction of topgate transistor
The water based droplets contain an
organic
conductor-POLY
Resolution of the screen can be
(3,4-
improved by coating glass substrate
ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with
with a hydrophobic film of polyimide
a solution of polystyrene sulphonic
pattern.
acid
as
droplets fall on the surface they are
PEDOT/PSS.As the droplets dry they
forced away from the hydrophobic
become a conducting layer and form
regions in the required pattern.
otherwise
known
source and drain of a transistor. They
When
the
water
based
Plastic batteries:
are then coated with a layer of
semiconducting polymer (9, 9-dioctyl
Plastic batteries are new type of low
flourene-co-bithiophene) followed by
power batteries that do not require a
a
of
case and are thin enough to be printed
is
on a paper. They are of low cost and
printed, creating a so called top gate
can be mass produced as the battery
transistor.
material is roughly 0.5 millimeters
dielectric
layer
polyvinylphenol.Finally
How
the
gate
thick.
semiconductor
polymer dries is very crucial. The
molecular chains must line up in a
way that makes it easy for an electron
to hop from one chain to another, but
the polymers tend to form into
disordered
microstructure
that
reduces electron charge.
4
interference in electronic devices.
Construction:

The new battery consists of 3
different layers.

It has conventional zinc manganese
dioxide components as anode and
cathode which are thin foil-like
plastic sheets.

Electrolyte is a polymer gel placed
between electrodes.

.
There are two types of OLEDs:
Uses: .

Passive matrix display
Active matrix display
They can be used for incorporating
power source in integrated circuits.

Passive matrix display:
The polymer battery system can be
used to power space satellites, giving
The passive matrix OLED display
them uninterrupted power supply by
has a simple structure and is well
harnessing solar energy while -
suited
for
low
cost
and
low
information content applications such
Organic light emitting diodes
(OLED):
as alpha-numeric displays. It is
LCD’s,
formed by providing an array of
OLED’s are self-luminous and do not
pixels by intersecting anode and
Unlike
require
traditional
backlighting,
cathode conductors.
diffusers,
Construction:
polarizers or any other baggage that
Organic
goes with liquid crystal displays.
materials
of two charged
and cathode metals deposited into a
electrodes on the top of some organic
“RIB” structure(base and pillar) in
light
This
which the rib structure automatically
eliminates the need for bulky and
produces OLED display panel with
environmentally undesirable mercury
desired electrical isolation for cathode
lamps and fields a thinner, more
lines. The major advantage of this
versatile and more compact display.
method is that all patterning steps are
The low power consumption provides
conventional.
for maximum efficiency and helps to
fabrication process can be easily
OLED consists
emitting
minimize
heat
material.
and
electric
5
So
entire
panel
adapted to large area, high through
put manufacturing.
Passive matrix display
resoluion, high information content
To get a passive matrix OLED to
applications including videos and
work electrical current is passed
graphics. This form of display is
through selected pixels by applying a
made
voltage to the corresponding rows and
technology because of its high carrier
columns from drivers attached to each
mobility. It provides “Thin Film
row
Transistors (TFT)” with high current
and
column.
An
external
controller circuit provides necessary
possible
by
poly-silicon
capability and high switching speed.
input power, video data signal and
multiplex switches. A video output is
Construction:
thus displayed on the panel by
scanning
through
all
the
rows
The basic OLED cell structure
successfully in a frame time, which is
consists
typically 1/60th of a second.
sandwiched between a transparent
of
thin
organic
layers
anode and a metallic cathode. The
Active display matrix:
organic layer comprises a hole-
In contrast to the OLED
injection layer, hole-transport layer,
matrix display, active matrix OLED
emissive
display has an integrated electronic
layer
and
an
electron
transport layer. When appropriate
backplane, it lends itself to high
6
voltage (2-10) V is applied to the cell,
layer to produce light (Electron
the injected positive and negative
Luminescence).
charges recombine in the emissive
The structure of organic layers and
E-paper is a unique type of
the choice of anode and cathode are
display
designed
the
contrast and bistability give it paper
recombination process in emissive
like functionality .These versatile
layer, thus maximizing the light
displays are poised for dramatic
output from the OLED device.
growth across multiple application
to
maximize
whose
flexibility,
high
especially, in an “always-on” world
of
Advantages:


mobile
broadband.
Plastic
electronics is the technology of
Robust design: OLEDs are tough
enough to use in portable devices
choice
for
E-paper
backplanes,
such as cellphones, digital video
especially for flexible and large
cameras and DVD players..
displays. This technology overcomes
the hurdle to large, high resolution,
Production advantage: 20% to 50%
flexible
cheaper than LCD processes.
electronic
displays-the
backplane. By connecting E-paper to
the internet wirelessly with a phone
Electronicpaper:
or computer or LAN we can down
load favourite newspapers and carry
them all on sheet of paper.
.
7
.
advancement
Polytronics Contributions:
1.
2.
design
of
electronic circuits and manufacture of
which is to be protected from water
printed circuit boards (PCB).The era
.By using the POLYTRONICS we
of polymer electronics has taken a
can make the Torpedo compact as
great start and all the technological
there is no need for protection for the
companies have turned their entire
plastic circuitry.
research towards Polytronics. So I
Using POLYTRONICS, we can
conclude that, in the forthcoming
convert a big computer into a single
years Polytronics will accelerate the
polymer sheet, which contains a
pace
OLED display screen and mother
advancements and describe a new
board, processor and drivers at the
dimension in the near future.
This
advantages
computer
over
has
the
of
the
technological
some
existing
REFERENCES:
computers and lap tops. They are
1.
PC-6: Manual for the Poly-com "6"
Water proof
Transceiver for 6 meters.
It can easily rolled
Compliments of Larry Saletzki,
Light in weight
WA9VRH.
We can construct a sensor system
which can detect the position of
2.
The present cell phones are not
water
resistance,
by
Tech.Dig.Electronics Technologies
using
Meeting,IEDM’02,2002,pp.9-16.
POLYTRONICS we can make them
water resistant as well as compact.
CONCLUSION:
In today’s world of everexpanding technology, Polytronics is
going to change the whole world of
consumer electronics and form the
principal
T.Makimoto and T.T.Doi,
“Polytronics – Present and future,” in
submarine.
4.
the
Torpedoes contain a large circuitry
back.
3.
in
root
for
the
major
8