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Exploration and Expansion Notes
Name: ___________KEY___________
Exploration & Expansion
1. What were explorers looking for?
a. God – to convert natives to Christianity
b. Glory – discovering sea route to Asia
c.
Gold – expanding trade (spices); finding precious metals
2. Explain the Treaty of Tordesillas:
Signed in 1494; called for a line of
a. On the map to the left, draw in
demarcation extending from north to
the line the treaty established
south through the Atlantic Ocean and
and indicate who controlled
the easternmost part of the South
what:
American continent; east  Portugal,
west  Spain
3. How did technology impact exploration? What were some of those new technologies?
Caravel – faster ship designed by the Portuguese; made longer voyages possible
Cartography – accurate mapmaking
Astrolabe – invented by Greeks; used to plot latitude using the sun or stars
Magnetic compass – Invented in China; helped chart a course across the ocean
4. Complete chart
EXPLORER ON BEHALF
DATE
EXPLORED
SIGNIFICANCE
Exploration and Expansion Notes
Columbus
OF
Spain
1492-1493
Caribbean
Da Gama
Portugal
1497-1498
Went around the Cape of Good
Hope & cut across the Indian
Ocean to the coast of India
Cabot
Cabral
Hernán
Cortés
Magellan
England
Portugal
Spain
1497-1498
1500-1501
1519
New England coastline
South America
Mexico City
Spain
1519-1521
Verazzano
France
1524
Cartier
France
1534-1535
Barents
Dutch
1596-1597
Strait of Magellan; around the
world
Eastern coast of North America
(FL – Newfoundland)
Eastern coast of Canada (St.
Lawrence River)
Barents Sea/Arctic Ocean
Hudson
Dutch
1609
Hudson River
X
Hudson
England
1610-1611
Hudson Bay (Canada)
X
Pizarro
Spain
X
Peru
4 voyages; named
Hispaniola
Made several
thousand percent
profit (spices) after his
first voyage to Calicut
X
X
Conquered the Aztecs
Circumnavigation
X
X
X
Conquered the Incas
ADD VESPUCCI: America’s namesake!
5. Define conquistador: Spanish conquerors of the Americas; in search of gold!
6. Define encomienda: The right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers; turned into system
of slavery/forced labor
7. What was the Colombian Exchange? The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe
and the Americas
8. European rivals – Identify the areas that each of the following groups established settlements:
a. Dutch
India (East India Company), Americas (West India Company), North America (New
Netherland)
b. French
Canada, Louisiana
c.
English
Eastern seaboard of North America, Caribbean Islands