Download Basic Structure Review

Basic Structure Review
1. Define the following cell parts and describe their function:
a. cell membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. nucleus
d. nucleolus
e. mitochondria
f. golgi apparatus
g. lysosomes
h. vacuoles
i. endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
2. What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
3. Outline the levels of the organization starting with the community and ending
with DNA.
4. Name at least 5 organ systems
5. What is the name of the specialist that studies tissues? Cells?
(Answer: histologist, cytologist)
6. What are the 3 body planes
7. Identify the following cavities
a. Cranial
b. Spinal
c. Thoracic
d. Abdominal
e. Pelvic
f. Nasal
g. Orbital
h. Buccal
8. Which cavities are dorsal and which are ventral?
9. What are the names and abbreviations for the four abdominal regions?
10. Locate and name the nine abdominal regions.
11. Define the following directional terms:
a. Lateral
b. Medial
c. Proximal
d. Distal
e. Caudal
f. Cranial
g. Superior
h. Inferior
i. Doral/posterior
j. Ventral/anterior
12. Describe what cancer is.
13. Define apoptosis
14. What is the gene responsible for causing cancer?
15. What gene helps keep cancer from starting?
16. Describe metastasis.
17. What are primary site and secondary site?
18. What is a tumor?
19. What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?
20. What is a carcinogen?
21. Describe cancer staging.
22. Describe the TNM method of classifying cancer growth.
23. How many chromosomes are in a typical human cell?
24. Where are genes found?
25. What is a pedigree chart?
26. What is the Human Genome Project?
27. What is a karyotype?
28. What is the difference between a male and female karyotype?
29. What are the two types of chromosomal abnormalities?
30. What is a monosomy and a trisomy?
31. Describe the following structural abnormalities:
a. Translocation
b. Robertsonian translocation
c. Inversions
d. Deletions
e. Duplications