Download Name: Date Period Ch 15 Study Guide 1. Freed blacks: A) most

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Ch 15 Study Guide
1. Freed blacks:
A) most often demanded a redistribution of economic resources
B) only asked for legal equality
C) were nearly unanimous in their desire for independence from white control
D) generally remained involved in mixed-race churches
2. The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
A) declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race
B) officially ended slavery
C) granted “citizenship” to the freedmen
D) provided that states could only count three-fifths of their blacks as population for taxes and
representation
E) opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans
3. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
A) declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race
B) officially ended slavery
C) granted “citizenship” to the freedmen
D) provided that states could only count three-fifths of their blacks as population for taxes and
representation
E) opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans
4. The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:
A) declared that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race
B) officially ended slavery
C) granted “citizenship” to the freedmen
D) provided that states could only count three-fifths of their blacks as population for taxes and
representation
E) opened up the West to homesteading by African Americans
5. Which faction of the Republican Party wanted Reconstruction to punish the former
Confederacy, disenfranchise large number of Southern whites, and confiscate the property of
leading Confederates?
A) Moderates
B) Conservatives
C) Redeemers
D) Scalybaggers
E) Radicals
6. Which best describes Congressional reaction to the former Confederate states that had set up
new governments under Andrew Johnson’s “presidential Reconstruction”?
A) They fully accepted all of the states except Georgia and South Carolina, which had elected no
blacks to office
B) They conditionally accepted all of the states pending the results of local and state elections
C) They refused to seat the senators and representatives from the states and set up a committee to
investigate and advise on Reconstruction
D) They fully accepted all of the states west of the Mississippi River, but required new
constitutions in the others
7. The “Black Codes” were a set of regulations established by:
A) the Congress to protect the rights of the former slaves to own property and to find
employment
B) the US Supreme Court to enforce the provisions of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Amendments to the US Constitution
C) the northern states to prevent a massive influx of former slaves from entering their states and
seeking homes and jobs
D) the southern states to promote white supremacy and to control the economic and social
activities of the freed men
8. Which of the following, if any, was NOT a provision of the Congressional plan of
Reconstruction enacted in early 1867?”
A) Dividing the South into military districts administered by military commanders
B) Requiring former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution
C) Mandating former Confederate states, as a condition of readmission to the Union, to hold a
constitutional convention and prepare a constitution providing for black male suffrage
D) Declaring that each state must present a plan for distributing farm land to, or providing jobs
for, the former slaves
E) All of the above were provisions of the Congressional plan of Reconstruction
9. Critics of native Southern whites who joined the Republican Party called them:
A) carpetbaggers
B) whippersnappers
C) scalawags
D) white camellias
E) filibusters
10. Education in the South:
A) was largely sponsored by local businessmen
B) did not take root during Reconstruction
C) resulted in the development of mostly mixed-race schools
D) reached over 10 percent of the school-aged population of former slaves
11. Which best describes the extent of “Negro rule” in the Southern states during
Reconstruction?
A) African Americans played a significant political role in several states but never elected a
governor or controlled a state legislature
B) Some African Americans held local elective offices and a very few were elected to state
legislatures but the numbers were politically inconsequential in every state
C) In the deep South states where African Americans constituted a majority of the voters due to
white disenfranchisement, blacks dominated both houses of the state legislatures and controlled
state politics as long as federal troops remained in the South
D) African Americans did not actually hold many offices in any state, but they effectively
dominated local offices in all but Tennessee and Arkansas through alliances with white
Republicans
12. What institution was the key point of contact in the agricultural credit system for most
Southern farmers, black and white, in the late nineteenth century?
A) Small town banks owned by Northerners
B) Large diversified planters
C) Finance companies in the larger cities such as Atlanta and Memphis
D) Local country-store merchants
E) Mail order mortgage companies operating out of new York
13. In the late nineteenth century, the agricultural credit system in the South encouraged formers
to:
A) rely heavily on cash crops – especially cotton
B) diversify away from cotton toward food grains and livestock
C) adopt the use of mechanization on increasingly larger farms
D) abandon farming and invest in capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises
14. The election of 1868:
A) was a landslide for Grant
B) saw Grant uncertain whether to run as the candidate for the Democrats or Republicans
C) was narrow because of his opposition to Reconstruction
D) was free from violence in the South
15. The greenback movement:
A) was most popular with creditors
B) introduced one of the most powerful political issues of the late nineteenth century
C) resulted in the creation of a successful third party
D) ended in the adoption of the movement’s proposed legislation
16. Ulysses S Grant’s election as president was largely a result of his being:
A) governor of New York during the postwar economic boom
B) a triumphant commanding general of the Union army
C) the popular administrator of the Freedmen’s Bureau
D) a flamboyant cavalry officer in the western Indian wars
17. Which of the following, if any, was not associated with the “Compromise of 1877”?
A) Removal of the last federal troops from the South
B) Increased federal aid for railroads and other internal improvements
C) Appointment of Southerner to the cabinet
D) Making Rutherford B. Hayes president
E) All of the above were associated with the “Compromise of 1877.”
18. Which, of the following, if any, is not cited by the text as a reason that Reconstruction failed
to accomplish more to promote racial equality in the United States?
A) Fear that harsh action might lead to resumed military action by the southern states, even
though they had been defeated
B) Attachment to a states’ rights view of the Constitution, even for the rebel states
C) Deep respect for private property rights, even for leading Confederates
D) Belief in black inferiority by many whites, even Northern liberals
19. The “solid” South refers to the:
A) work ethic values of Southern whites
B) courage of Confederate soldiers during the war despite being outnumbered
C) steady returns that Northern bankers could expect from investment in cotton
D) the fact that the Democratic Party could count on the votes of the Southern states after
Reconstruction
20. In most states, the “Redeemers” or “Bourbons” were typically composed of:
A) a newly emerging class of merchants, industrialists, railroad developers, and financiers
B) essentially the same old planter elite that had dominated antebellum politics
C) a coalition of poor, working-class whites and blacks
D) white farmers who owned small to medium farms
21. Recent historians of Reconstruction:
A) have argued that that blacks gained significant improvements through this era
B) have viewed it as a failure
C) have viewed it as a substantial success
D) have found the racism of white Southerners overstated
22. Henry W. Grady was:
A) the builder of the American Tobacco Company
B) an Atlanta editor who became a leading spokesman for the “New South” idea
C) the person principally responsible for Birmingham, Alabama, becoming an iron and steel
production center
D) the governor of South Carolina who was most vociferous in advocating that blacks should
migrate from the South to take industrial jobs in the North
23. The “convict-lease” system was an arrangement whereby:
A) Southern states housed Northern prisoners as a way to fund prisons without raising taxes
B) a white man convicted of a nonviolent crime could pay a poor person, usually black, to serve
time for him
C) the state rented cells to convicts who then had to pay rent based on pittance wages paid in
prison industry
D) private interests paid the state for the right to use groups of prisoners to work on railroad
construction and other projects
24. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the U.S. Supreme Court established the general principle that:
A) states could not prevent blacks from voting just because their grandparents had been slaves
B) states could require separate accommodations on trains, in schools, and the like, for blacks
and whites as long as the accommodations were equal
C) Congress could take away a state’s seats in the US House of Representatives if the state
refused to allow blacks to vote in Congressional elections
D) local governments could use zoning and building codes to enforce racial sefregation by
neighborhoods
25. “Jim Crow” is a nickname for:
A) white Southerners who used violence or intimidation to restrict black activities
B) black people who curried favor with whites by acting excessively polite and deferential
C) the whole system of laws and customs that kept the races separate in schools, public
buildings, houses, jobs, theaters and the like
D) black people who pretended to be friendly toward whites but who secretly undermined white
interests
E) the African-American culture of dance, music, food and religion that grew up after slavery
26. Around the turn of the century, which of the following was most likely to attract Northern
white support?
A) Increased enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment
B) Statutes allowing whites and blacks to marry each other if they wished
C) A federal anti-lynching law
D) Congressional intervention to promote racial integration in Southern public schools
27. After emancipation, many blacks traveled in order to
A) return to Africa or the West Indies
B) seek a better life in Northern cities
C) find lost family members or seek new economic opportunities
D) track down and punish cruel overseers
28. The Freedmen’s Bureau was originally established to provide
A) land and supplies for black farmers
B) labor registration
C) food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves
D) political training in citizenship for black voters
29. Lincoln’s original plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be re-integrates into
the Union when
A) it repealed its original secession act and took its soldiers out of the Confederate Army
B) 10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union and pledged to abide by
emancipation
C) it formally adopted a plan guaranteeing black political and economic rights
D) it ratified the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution
30. The Black Codes passed by many of the Southern state governments in 1865 aimed to
A) provide economic assistance to get former slaves started as sharecroppers
B) ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control
C) permit blacks to vote if they met certain educational or economic standards
D) gradually force blacks to leave the South
31. Women’s-rights leaders opposed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because
A) they objected to radial integration in the women’s movement
B) the amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to black and white men but not to
women
C) they favored passage of the Equal Rights Amendment first
D) most of them were Democrats who would be hurt by the amendments
32. Most of the Northern “carpetbaggers” were actually
A) former Union soldiers, businessmen, or professionals
B) undercover agents of the federal government
C) former Southern Whigs and unionists who had opposed the Confederacy
D) Northern teachers and missionaries who wanted to aid the freedmen
33. The radical Republicans’ impeachment of President Andrew Johnson resulted in
A) Johnson’s acceptance of the radicals’ Reconstruction plan
B) a failure to convict and remove Johnson by a margin of only one vote
C) Johnson’s conviction on the charge of violating the Tenure of Office Act
D) Johnson’s resignation and appointment of Ulysses Grant as his successor
34. The skeptical public finally accepted Seward’s purchase of Alaska because
A) there were rumors of extensive oil deposits in the territory
B) it was considered strategically vital to American defense
C) it would provide a new frontier safety valve after the settling of the West
D) Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War
35. The “grandfather clause”:
A) resulted in the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876
B) denied black Americans the franchise in the South
C) required federal troops to supervise voting in Southern elections
D) determined whether or not ex-slave was a freedman
36. In the years after the Civil War, most freedmen ended up working as:
A) farmers on land they owned
B) farmers under a sharecroppers system
C) wage laborers in the new textile mills
D) itinerant day laborers in domestic and service jobs
37. By the end of his presidency, Ulysses S. grant popularity had declined substantially because
of:
A) the corruption evident in his administration
B) his harsh and brutal policies toward the South
C) his support for “greenback” monetary policies
D) revelations about his poor military leadership during the Civil War
E) his refusal to support the Radicals in Congress
MATCHING PEOPLE, PLACES, and EVENTS
_____ Exodusters
_____ Andrew Johnson
_____ Abraham Lincoln
_____ Civil Rights Bill of 1866
_____ Charles Sumner
_____ Military Reconstruction
Act of 1867
_____ Ku Klux Klan
_____ Force Acts of 1870 and
1871
_____ Tenure of Office Act
_____ Union League
_____ William Seward
A. A constitutionally questionable law whose violation by
President Johnson formed the basis for his impeachment
B. The first congressional attempt to guarantee black rights in
the South, passed over Johnson’s veto
C. Born a poor white southerner, he became the white South’s
champion against radical Reconstruction
D. Secretary of state who arranged an initially unpopular but
valuable land deal in 1867
E. Laws designed to stamp out Ku Klux Klan terrorism in the
South
F. Secret Organization that intimidated blacks and worked to
restore white supremacy
G. Blacks who left the South for Kansas and elsewhere during
Reconstruction
H. Congressional law that imposed military rule on the South
and demanded harsh conditions for readmission of the
seceded states
I. Beaten in the Senate chamber before the Civil War, he
became the leader of Senate Republican radicals during
Reconstruction
J. Leading Black political organization during Reconstruction
K. Author of the moderate “10 percent” Reconstruction plan
that ran into congressional opposition
MATCHING CAUSE AND EFFECT
CAUSE
_____ The South’s military defeat in
the Civil War
_____ The Freedmen’s Bureau
_____ The Black Codes of 1865
_____ The election of exConfederates to Congress in 1865
_____ Military Reconstruction and
the 14th and 15th Amendments
_____ The Ku Klux Klan
_____ The radical Republicans’
hatred of Johnson
EFFECT
A. Provoked a politically motivated trial to remove the
president from office
B. Intimidated black voters and tried to keep blacks “in
their place”
C. Prompted Republicans to refuse to seat Southern
delegations in Congress
D. Successfully educated former slaves but failed to
provide much other assistance to them
E. Forced all the Southern states to establish governments
that upheld black voting and other civil rights
F. Imposed slaverylike restrictions on blacks and angered
the North
G. Destroyed the southern economy but strengthened
Southern hatred of “Yankees”
IDENTIFICATION
_______________
1. Common term for the blacks newly liberated from slavery
_______________
_______________
2. Federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but failed in
other aid efforts
3. The largest African-American denomination (church) after slavery
_______________
4. Lincoln’s 1863 program for rapid Reconstruction of the South
_______________
5. The constitutional amendment freeing all slaves
_______________
_______________
6. The harsh Southern state laws of 1865 that limited black rights and
imposed restrictions to ensure a stable black labor supply
7. Republican Reconstructionists who favored keeping the South out of
the federal government until a complete social and economic revolution
was accomplished in the region
8. Derogatory term for Northerners who came to the South during
Reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state government
9. Constitutional amendment guaranteeing blacks the right to vote
_______________
10. “Seward’s Folly,” acquired in 1867 from Russia
_______________
_______________