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AP EXAM REVIEW SESSION IV - HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
ASSESSMENT QUIZ
1. All of the following are types of wastes excreted by animals EXCEPT
a. ammonia
b. urea
c. uric acid
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrate
Questions 2 – 5
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. histamines
d. eosinophils
e. macrophages
2. Large phagocytic cells that engulf microbes
3. Proteins that bind antigens
4. Foreign molecules that elicit an immune response
5. Chemical signals released in response to injury
6. Which of the following occurs in response to release of ADH from the pituitary gland?
a. decrease in permeability of the loop of Henle to H2O
b. reabsorption of Na+ and K+ by the distal convoluted tubule
c. increase in permeability of the collecting duct to H2O
d. increase in production of urine from the collecting duct
e. increase in filtration of plasma proteins by the glomerulus
7. All of the following are first-line barriers against infectious agents EXCEPT
a. skin
b. nasal membranes
c. saliva
d. mucous secretions
e. phagocytes
8. An immune response to a specific antigen generates the production of which type of cell that launches an attack the next
time that same antigen infects the body?
a. effector cells
b. memory cells
c. T cells
d. B cells
e. antibodies
9. Which hormone acts opposite PTH?
a. calcitonin
b. glucagon
c. insulin
d. adrenaline
e. thyroxin
10. The ball of capillaries that is associated with the nephron and associated with filtration in the kidney is
a. the Bowman’s capsule
b. the loop of Henle
c. the proximal tubule
d. the glomerulus
e. the distal tubule
Questions 11 – 14
a. Ovary
b. Thyroid gland
c. Posterior pituitary gland
d. Adrenal medulla
e. Pineal gland
11. Releases hormones that raise blood glucose level, increase metabolic activities, and constricts blood vessels
12. Release hormones that are involved in biological rhythms
13. Releases hormones that stimulate and maintain metabolic processes
14. Releases hormones that stimulate the mammary gland cells and contraction of the uterus
15. Which of the following immune system cells is most severely depleted by HIV/AIDS?
a. Plasma B cells
b. Memory B cells
c. Helper T cells
d. Cytotoxic T cells
e. Memory T cells
16. Which of the following occurs in the immediate fight-or-flight response to danger or fear?
a. An increase in glycogen synthesis
b. An increase in digestive activity
c. Release of ACTH from the pituitary
d. An increase in glucose catabolism
e. A decrease in norepinephrine
17. During the fall, a chipmunk experiences a sustained period of cold weather. The chipmunk’s thyroid gland responds by
secreting a greater quantity of thyroxin. Which of the following represents the most accurate pathway from the central
nervous system (CNS) to the target cells?
a. CNS  hypothalamus  anterior pituitary  thyroid  thyroxin  target cells
b. CNS  adrenal medulla  thyroid  thyroxin  target cells
c. CNS  motor neurons  muscle cells  thyroxin  target cells
d. CNS  posterior pituitary  oxytocin  thyroid  thyroxin  target cells
e. CNS  pancreas  insulin  sugar into cells  target cells
18. Which of the following statements about the process of excretion in animals is correct?
a. Animals with closed circulatory systems usually have capillary beds associated with their excretory organs.
b. Aquatic animals usually secrete their nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid.
c. The contractile vacuole of a freshwater protozoan will become more active if the protozoan is placed in seawater.
d. Nephridia are found only in vertebrate animals.
e. In humans and other mammals, urea is produced in the kidneys.
19. The immediate inflammatory response to an excruciating paper cut does NOT include
a. release of histamine.
b. migration of phagocytes to the affected area.
c. stimulation of white blood cells.
d. production of a blood clot.
e. release of interferons.
20. Glucose is primarily reabsorbed in
a. Bowman’s capsule.
b. glomerulus.
c. proximal convoluted tubule.
d. distal convoluted tubule.
e. loop of Henle.
Use the following terms for questions 21 – 25.
a. B cells
b. Macrophages
c. Helper T cells
d. Cytotoxic T cells
e. Natural killer cells
21. Act as antigen-presenting cells
22. Responsible for humoral immunity
23. Bonds to class I MHC molecules
24. Secrete cytokines to stimulate other lymphocytes
25. Nonspecific cell that kills virus-infected cells by lysing them, not phagocytosing them
Free-Response Question
Homeostatic maintenance of optimal blood glucose levels has been intensively studied in vertebrate organisms.
a) Pancreatic hormones regulate blood glucose levels. Identify TWO pancreatic hormones and describe the effect of
each hormone on blood glucose levels.
b) For ONE of the hormones you identified in a), identify ONE target cell and discuss the mechanism by which the
hormone can alter activity in that target cell. Include in your discussion a description of reception, cellular
transduction, and response.
c) Compare the cell-signaling mechanisms of steroid hormones and protein hormones.