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Name: _______________________________ Weekly Geography 1-7 (OL) Physical Processes The Earth’s crust is made up of large pieces that move called plates. This movement, or shifting, causes the Earth’s surface to continually change. For example, in Asia there are two plates that are moving towards each other. This movement is causing the Himalaya Mountains to grow about one inch per year. On the other hand, sometimes plates move away from each other. The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a result of plates spreading. Because of this movement, earthquakes and volcanoes are common in these areas. Erosion is the process by which rocks and soil slowly break apart and are swept away. Erosion can result from weathering, which is when air, water, wind, or ice slowly wears away rocks and soil. The rocks and soil usually form a new landform in a new location. Erosion can also be caused by flooding. Severe flooding can ruin farmers’ crops and erode coastlines. Use the reading to answer the following questions. 1. S_____________ and E_______________ are two physical processes that change the earth’s surface. 2. When plates move it can cause natural disasters such as ______________ and _______________. 3. What are large pieces of the Earth called? Plates 4. What type of erosion can ruin crop fields? Plates or valleys or flooding 5. Erosion is the process by which rocks and soil slowly _____________ apart. 6. Weathering is caused by air, w___________________, w_________________, and i_________________. 7. Which landform is growing due to a separation of plates? Himalaya Mountains or Great Rift Valley 8. The Himalaya Mountains are growing because ______________ are moving towards each other. CLIMATE AND WEATHER Climate is the average weather over a long period of time. It includes average temperature and average precipitation from year to year. For example, Fairbanks, Alaska has a cold climate. In the winter, the temperature can reach -8°F. Four factors that affect a region’s climate are latitude, elevation, wind, and ocean currents. Places at high latitudes (far from the equator), such as Fairbanks, Alaska, have a very cold climate. Whereas, places close to the equator have warm or tropical climates. Places at higher elevations have generally colder temperatures than places closer to sea level. Wind and ocean currents also affect climate. Air passing over the water can make a climate colder or warmer, depending on the ocean current. For example, the Gulf Stream is a current that carries warm water from the Caribbean Sea towards Europe. The winds bring warm air and help to create a mild climate along the coast of southern Europe. Use the reading to answer the following questions: 1. Climate describes the _______________ weather over a long time. 2. Climate is affected by four factors: a) l_____________________ b) e_____________________ c) w_____________________ d) w_____________________ 3. Alaska has a cold climate because it is (close or far) from the equator. Circle one 4. If you were at the top of a mountain, the climate would be (colder or warmer) than the base of the mountain. Circle one 5. What causes wind to be cold or warm? Latitude or ocean currents 6. Which current helps create a mild climate for southern Europe? Gulf Stream or elevation Climate constantly affects our lives. Everyday people have to adapt or adjust their lives to the environment. 7. The people of Fairbanks, Alaska may have to adapt to their environment by _________________________________________________________.