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Regents Review Quiz #28 Score:____________ Directions: Answer the questions below. When we go over the questions, place your score (1-3) on the line at the top of the page. Be truthful so you can see your own progress over time! _____1. The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) was important because it (1) led to the reelection of President Thomas Jefferson (2) established the principle of judicial review (3) showed that the states were stronger than the federal government (4) proved that the legislative branch was the most powerful branch of government _____2. A goal of President Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick policy and President William Howard Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy toward Latin America was to (1) join Western Hemisphere nations in a military alliance (2) protect American economic and political interests (3) encourage foreign nations to establish colonies (4) raise Latin America’s standard of living _____3. What was a principle reason for rapid economic growth in the United States during the 1920s? (1) prosperity of American agriculture (2) increase of American imports (3) development of many new consumer goods (4) increased spending on defense NOTES TO SELF:________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The Cold War What was the Cold War? My Definition:_________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Partner’s Definition:____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Class’ Definition:_______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Causes of the Cold War (pages 190-200 in your notes) BALANCE OF POWER FAILURE OF DIPLOMACY EXPANSION OF COMMUNISM Yalta Conference SOVIET UNION Major Superpowers after WWII Opposing Political Systems USA ●_______________________________ (people could vote for different political parties) ●__________________________________ (business & property are privately owned) US Believed that Stalin would allow elections in these countries once the Describe Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” ●__________________________________ (individual rights protection, government did not interfere with people’s lives) USSR ●___________________________________ (people could only vote for Communist Party) ●___________________________________ (government owned & managed businesses) ●___________________________________ (government controlled people’s lives) 2 Stalin’s Actions threat of invasion ended. Potsdam Conference FEATURES OF THE COLD WAR ●____________ race US POLICY DURING THE COLD WAR ◙Containment ●Giving __________________ aid to rebel or government forces in other countries ●____________________ (spying) ◙Domino Theory ●_________________________ condemning the opposing nation and its way of ___________ ●______________ race ◙Deterrence ●Using meetings of the ________ General Assembly and Security Council to condemn actions of the rival power The United Nations ●Founded in _________________ ●Replaced the __________________ of __________________ ●An i_________________________ o__________________________ devoted to world _______________. ●Original five members were: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. List five basic rights guaranteed by the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3 The United Nations Directions: Examine the chart below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Five permanent and 10 non-permanent members sit on the Security Council. What is their job? 2. Why do you think the Security Council and the General Assembly are the most powerful? 3. What is the purpose of the Economic and Social Council? 4. What is the job of the Trusteeship Council? 5. How does the International Court of Justice work to maintain world peace? 6. Why was the Senate’s 1945 approval of membership in the United Nations significant? (p. 199) 4 The US Sought Allies in the Cold War – A Scavenger Hunt Directions: You will each be assigned to answer one of the questions below. You will then go on a scavenger hunt to find the answers to the remaining questions. You may only give others the answer to your own question. Please have people initial next to the answer they provided you with. Answers 1. Why did Truman issue the Truman Doctrine? 2. How was the Truman Doctrine an example of the policy of containment? (look at the results!) 3. Describe two reasons for issuing the Marshall Plan. 4. How did the Marshall Plan help Europe? 5. Discuss how the Marshall Plan was successful. 6. Truman’s Point Four Program targeted which areas of the world? 7. How was the Point Four Program designed to stop the spread of Communism? 8. While promoting better relations with Latin America, how was the Peace Corps designed to help stop the spread of Communism? 9. How was Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress designed to stop the spread of Communism? 10. What is NATO and what was its original purpose? 11. What was the USSR’s reaction to NATO? 12. What was SEATO and how did the US use this to help stop the spread of Communism? Did it work? 13. What was the purpose of the OAS? 14. What was CENTO? 5 Initials The Marshall Plan Directions: Examine the political cartoon below and answer the questions that follow. 1. Why is Communism represented by a vulture? 2. What is the vulture carrying? 3. Why is the US Congress represented by a doctor? 4. Where are the doctor and the vulture racing? Why? 5. In one or two sentences, write a summary of the idea this cartoon is conveying. 6 Cold War Confrontations Directions: Working in small groups, you will be assigned one of the topics below. Use pages 203205 in your notes for assistance. Pick a member of the group who will present your group’s information to the class. TOPIC: Cold War Problems in Europe 1. What happened to Germany at the end of WWII? 2. Who controlled Berlin (the capital) and where is it located? 3. Describe the Berlin Blockade. 4. Explain how the United States responded to the Berlin Blockade. 5. Was this action successful? Explain. 6. How was the Berlin Blockade and the Airlift an example of a Cold War confrontation? 7. Describe the Hungarian revolt and the US’ response to it. TOPIC: Cold War Problems in Asia 1. What was General MacArthur’s role in post-war Japan? 2. Describe two results of the US occupation of Japan. 3. How did the relationship between the US and Japan change after WWII? 4. Describe the events that took place in China between 1945 and 1949. 5. What was the US’ response to the Civil War? 6. What happened to Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists? 7. How did the US respond? 7 TOPIC: Cold War Problems in Asia – The Korean Conflict 1. What is the 38th parallel and who influenced the areas above and below it? 2. Describe the events that led to the Korean conflict. 3. How did the US respond to these events? Why was this response important? 4. How did Truman bypass Congress in the Korean conflict? 5. Describe how the war ended and the results of the war. 6. How was the Korean conflict an example of a Cold War confrontation? 7. Was the policy of containment successful in the Korean conflict? Explain. TOPIC: Cold War Problems in Latin America 1. What happened to Cuba during the 1950s? 2. Explain why this would be most alarming to the United States. 3. What did Castro do in Cuba once he gained power? 4. What was the effect on American businesses in Cuba? 5. How did the US respond to events in Cuba? 6. How was the situation in Cuba an example of a Cold War confrontation? Closure: Looking at the events of the late 1940s and early 1950s, was the policy of containment successful for the United States? Explain. 8 Talkin’ John Birch Paranoid Blues – Bob Dylan, 1962 In February, 1962, Dylan introduced this song, a blistering satire of America’s right-wing, red-baiting, ColdWar, anticommunist hysteria. In 1963, when Dylan turned up at a CBS studio to rehearse for his first national network TV appearance on the Ed Sullivan show, he played this satire. After being asked to play something else, he refused and his appearance was cancelled. The John Birch Society, which still exists, became notorious as a hard-right political group that saw Communist conspiracies everywhere. The organization was named after an American intelligence officer who was supposedly the first casualty of the Cold War. Dylan thrilled audiences by including the banned song on his 1964 program at the NY Philharmonic. Listeners finally got to hear what CBS had forbidden the nation to hear. Read the lyrics to Dylan’s song and answer the questions that follow. Well, I was feelin’ sad an’ kinda blue I didn’t know what I was gonna do The communists was comin’ around They was in the air They was on the ground They was all over. I heard some footsteps by the front porch door So I grabbed my shotgun from the floor I snuck around the house with a huff ‘n’ a hiss Say, “Hands up! you communist” It was the mail man… He punched me out So I ran down most hurriedly An’ joined the John Birch Society Got me a secret membership card Went back home through the yard Started lookin’ on the sidewalk Under the hedges. When I’s sittin’ home I started to sweat I figured they was in my TV set I peeked behind the picture frame Got a shock from my feet that hit my brain Them reds did it! Hootenanny television. Well I got up in the mornin’ Looked under my bed I’s lookin’ every place for them gol-darned reds Looked behind the sink an’ under the floor Looked in the glove compartment of my car Couldn’t find any. Well I quit my job so I could work alone Got a magnifying glass like Sherlock Holmes Following some clues from my detective bag I discovered red stripes in the American flag Betsy Ross! Looked behind the clothes, behind the chair Looking for them reds everywhere Looked up my chimney hole Even deep down inside my toilet bowl They got away. Now Eisenhower is a Russian spy Lincoln, Jefferson an’ that Roosevelt guy To my knowledge there is just one man That’s really a true American That’s George Lincoln Rockwell I know for a fact he hates commies ‘Cause he picketed the movie Exodus. I finally started thinkin’ straight When I ran outa things to investigate I couldn’t imagine nothin’ else An’ now I’m home investigatin’ myself Hope I don’t find out too much Good god. 9 Talkin’ John Birch Paranoid Blues 1. Identify the subject of the song. a. What is the subject of the song? b. When was it written? c. Why do you think it was written? 2. Study the content of the song. a. What specific issues does Dylan concern himself with? b. Who/what was the John Birch Society? 3. Use the song as historical evidence. a. What is Dylan trying to say in this song? b. Which events led to the condition of American life described by Dylan? c. Do you think this song is a good source of information about life in post-WWII USA? Why/why not? 10 Cold War Upheaval At Home Station #1 – Loyalty Checks 1. Why was the United States government concerned about the loyalty of certain citizens? 2. What was the result of the government loyalty checks? Intercepted Message: Loyalty checks dealt with investigating employees in this branch of the government. 1813ihn61 Station #2 – Smith Act 1. Describe the Smith Act 2. Describe the impact of the Supreme Court’s ruling on Eugene Dennis’ civil rights in Dennis v. United States (1951). 3. How did the Supreme Court’s decision in Yates v. United States (1957) differ from that in the Dennis case? Station #3 – McCarran Act 1. What type of organizations were targeted by the McCarran Act? 2. List several provisions of the Act. Intercepted message: Truman said McCarran made a “p13o1g9 La hb1 4ndd La gnmbhj” 11 Station #4 – HUAC 1. Identify what “HUAC” stands for. What did this committee do? 2. Describe the Supreme Court’s ruling in Watkins v. United States (1957). Intercepted message: g. g15m5e and 75dh 2nje19 blame Hollywood labor conflicts on communists. Station #5 – Alger Hiss 1. Who was Alger Hiss? 2. Describe what happened to Hiss based on Whitaker Chambers’ testimony. Station #6 – The Rosenbergs 1. Of what crime were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg convicted? 2. What was the reaction (American and worldwide) to the accusations against the Rosenbergs? Intercepted message: Manner in which the Rosenbergs were killed: 1d13hgL3ihnLe Station #7 – Robert Oppenheimer 1. How did Oppenheimer’s stance on the use of nuclear power shift? 2. What was the effect of the government’s accusations against Oppenheimer? 12 Station #8 – McCarthyism 1. Who was Joseph McCarthy and what did he do? 2. Which groups were affected by McCarthy’s accusations? What happened to may of them? 3. Explain how McCarthyism came to mean “the use of reckless and unfair accusations in the name of suppressing political disloyalty?” Intercepted message: This play by Arthur Miller is said to be a thinly veiled attack on McCarthyism: hb1 3gi3n4d1 Station #9 – Senator Chase Speaks Out Against McCarthyism 1. Senator Chase reminded listeners that all Americans are entitled to which constitutional rights? 2. What does Senator Chase refer to as the basic principles of “Americanism?” Letter A B C D E F G H I J K L M 13 Code 5 4 3 2 1 a m b n c o d p Letter N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Code e L f k g j h i 6 7 8 9 ? The Cold War At Home A Short Review Directions: Use page 206 in your notes to answer the following questions. 1. Describe the “GI Bill of Rights.” 2. Describe several elements of Truman’s “Fair Deal” domestic policy. 3. Explain the purpose of the Taft-Hartley Act. 4. How did life change for women and African Americans after World War II? 5. Describe three ways prosperity continued after World War II. President Harry Truman 14 President Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy (1952-1960) 15 Regents Review Quiz #29 Score:____________ Directions: Answer the questions below. When we go over the questions, place your score (1-3) on the line at the top of the page. Be truthful so you can see your own progress over time! _____1. The requirement to conduct a census was included in the United States Constitution to (1) control the numbers of immigrants (2) determine income tax rates (3) determine the number of members from each state in the House of Representatives (4) record the birth and death rates of the population _____2. President George Washington’s principal reason for issuing the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) was to (1) repay France for help in the Revolutionary War (2) protect United States interests in the Caribbean area (3) safeguard the newly won independence (4) punish the British for failing to withdraw from American territory _____3. A major reason the United States entered World War I was to (1) gain additional colonial possessions (2) react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor (3) safeguard freedom of the seas for United States ships (4) honor prewar commitments to its military allies NOTES TO SELF:________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 16 The Eisenhower Years – Domestic Policy Directions: Using your knowledge of US history, and pages 211-213 in your notes, answer the questions below. 1. Describe several aspects of Eisenhower’s “Modern Republicanism” domestic policy. 2. How was Modern Republicanism similar to FDR’s New Deal and Truman’s Fair Deal? 3. Discuss several results of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956. 4. Describe Levittown and explain how it was assisted by the GI Bill. 5. Explain how the National Defense Education Act was influenced by the space race. 6. What was the “baby boom” and why did it happen? 7. Explain how the actions of the affluent middle class affected the inner cities. 8. Discuss advances in medicine that took place in the 1950s. 9. Describe the importance of television in the 1950s. 17 10. Who were the “beatniks” and what did they advocate? 11. Explain new sources of immigration in the 1950s and discuss why these new immigrants came to the United States. 12. Describe President Eisenhower’s role in the Little Rock incident. 13. Explain how Senator Joseph McCarthy fed Cold War fears in America during the 1950s. Closure: Do you think that the television show “Happy Days” accurately reflected what life was like in America during the 1950s? Justify your response. 18 The Rise of the Civil Rights Movement - Integrating the Armed Forces African Americans had served in the It is the declared policy of the President armed forces since the Revolution. Despite that there shall be equality of treatment their brave record, however, they had to serve and opportunity for all persons in the in segregated units. Armed Services without regard to race, A native of Missouri, Harry S. Truman color, religion, or national origin. This was descended from supporters of the policy shall be put into effect as rapidly Confederacy. He also grew up in a time and as possible. place where Jim Crow laws governed. As Truman underscored his commitment to President, however, Truman became a the new policy by appointing the Committee powerful spokesperson for civil rights for on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in African Americans. the Armed Services to monitor the changes. In 1946, Truman created a committee to By May 1950, the new committee reported investigate civil rights in the some successes, such as the United States. Acting on the The committee concluded end of enlistment quotas and committee’s findings, he sent that military effectiveness segregated training units. Congress a civil rights message Still, there were battles to be was weakened wherever in February 1948. In it, he asked won. In the navy, for segregation remained. for laws that would end poll example, African Americans taxes, safeguard fair employment practices, still did most of the menial work. In the army, and ban discrimination in interstate travel. He only about 20 percent of the available courses also told Congress that he planned to end had any African Americans enrolled. segregation in the armed forces. The report also noted that “efficiency has Truman’s plan contradicted military been increased, disciplinary problems reports that called segregation a “sociological reduced, and morale improved” because of experiment” and even a threat to national integration. It concluded that military defense. True, some groups within the armed effectiveness was weakened wherever forces were already trying to secure equal job segregation remained. opportunities for all personnel. However, even The Armed Forces did not have to wit when black and white soldiers worked long to test the new policy in battle. In the together during the day, at night they ate and summer of 1950, American troops went to slept in segregated areas. Korea. There, black and white soldiers fought On July 26, 1948, however, Truman successfully side by side. signed Executive Order 9981. The document began: 1. What civil rights laws did Truman want Congress to pass? 2. What was the purpose of Executive Order 9981? 3. By 1950 what changes had occurred in the Armed Forces? 4. The Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services reported that military effectiveness was weakened wherever segregation remained. Why do you think this was so? 19 YEAR EVENT/PERSON OUTCOME/IMPORTANCE Became the first African American professional baseball player – “broke the color barrier” Brown v. Board of Education NAACP lawyer – argued the Brown case – later appointed to Supreme Court by LBJ – 1st African American SC Justice Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Little Rock Crisis Commission was created to investigate voting violations – a weak bill that didn’t do much Freedom Riders Baker v. Carr Birmingham Church Bombing Case held up the Civil Rights Act of 1964 saying Congress could outlaw discrimination based on color in motels Civil Rights Act of 1964 Ended poll taxes and literacy tests designed to keep blacks from voting Affirmative Action Malcolm X Group formed by college students – held sit-ins at segregated restaurants in the South – led by Stokely Carmichael Watts Riots Fair Housing Act of 1968 Regents of University of California v. Bakke 20 Is Separate Unequal? On May 17, 1954, the US Supreme Court handed down the decision that sparked the civil rights movement. Directions: Read the excerpt below from the Supreme Court’s decision, and answer the questions that follow. “To separate [schoolchildren] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone… Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of Negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racially integrated school system. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” 1. Which Supreme Court decision did Brown v. Board of Education reverse? 2. What was the basis for the Supreme Court’s reasoning in the 1896 case? 3. According to the document above, what was the basis for the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education? 4. What do you think accounts for the change in the Court’s decision between 1896 and 1954? Linda Brown 21 Civil Rights for Women and Other Minorities Letter Group________ Directions: You will placed in one of four groups. Each group will be assigned to study one of the groups seeking civil rights during the 1960s and after. You will be assigned a letter while you are working; please record this letter at the top, right of the page. Once instructed, you will move to your letter group, where each member will teach the others their information. Group #1 – Women 1. List several successes achieved by women in the area of civil rights before the 1960s. 2. Discuss the importance of Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963). 3. What is NOW and what did they do to achieve greater rights for women? 4. Discuss what happened to the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and why. 5. Explain the importance of Title IX. 6. Discuss the Supreme Court’s decision in Roe v. Wade (1973), and how it expanded women’s rights. 7. Evaluate the success of the women’s rights movement. Group #2 – Hispanic Americans 1. Describe the conditions under which many Hispanic families worked/lived before 1960. 2. Explain the role of Cesar Chavez in achieving rights for Hispanic Americans. 3. Evaluate the extent of Chavez’ success. 4. Explain why there was a dramatic increase in the number of immigrants from Cuba and Haiti after 1958. 22 5. Evaluate the success of the “Brown Power” movement. Group #3 – Native Americans 1. Discuss the grievances held by many Native Americans in the 1960s and after. 2. What is AIM? What tactics have they used to achieve their goals? 3. Describe the success gained by Native Americans after the occupation of Alcatraz, participation in the 1972 Long March, and 1973 takeover at Wounded Knee. 4. Based on the success or lack of success listed above, do you think AIM’s tactics were appropriate or the best choice of action? Explain. 5. Evaluate the degree of success of the “Red Power” movement. Group #4 – Handicapped Persons 1. Describe the common view of the handicapped during the 19th century. 2. What is the goal of “normalization?” 3. How did the government attempt to achieve “normalization?” 4. Discuss actions of the government to aid children with disabilities in schools. 5. Describe the importance of the Americans With Disabilities Act (1990). Closure: Of the 4 groups discussed, which groups achieved the most success in meeting their goals? Explain! 23 The Warren Court and Rights of the Accused In the 1950s, the Supreme Court took a more active role in American society. A new Chief Justice of the Court, Earl Warren, was appointed by President Eisenhower in 1953. The Warren Court began to examine many issues of equality and fairness. Besides issuing important decisions in the area of African American civil rights (Brown v. Board of Education, Baker v. Carr, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v US), the Warren Court made several controversial decisions that changed the nature of law enforcement and protected the rights of the accused in America. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Police chased a suspect into Dollree Mapp’s home. While there, they found pornographic materials and arrested Mapp. A court convicted Mapp of a crime on the basis of evidence that the police had obtained without a search warrant. Mapp argued that her Fourth Amendment’s protection against “unreasonable search and seizure” had been violated. The Warren Court ruled in Mapp’s favor. They affirmed that evidence wrongly obtained by the police could not be admitted as evidence in the suspect’s trial. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Gideon was accused of breaking into a Florida poolhall. Unable to afford a lawyer, he was convicted. Gideon argued that Florida had violated his Sixth Amendment right to “have assistance of counsel for his defense.” Florida provided lawyers for defendants in capital cases (death penalty), but not in minor criminal cases. The Warren Court ruled in Gideon’s favor, stating that his right to a fair trial had been violated when he was not provided with an attorney. The Court said that all states must provide lawyers to poor defendants in criminal cases whether or not the crime is a capital one. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) The police arrested Danny Escobedo as a suspect in a murder. During questioning, the police refused to grant Escobedo’s request to see a lawyer. Escobedo made statements to the police that were later used at his trial to convict him of murder. Escobedo claimed that his Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been denied. The Warren Court ruled in Escobedo’s favor stating that the accused have the right to have counsel present when being questioned by the police, and that statements made to the police without a lawyer present (if one was requested), cannot be used to convict a defendant. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Miranda did not ask for a lawyer when being questioned by the Arizona police. After two hours of questioning, Miranda signed a written confession of kidnapping and rape. Miranda was convicted based on his own confession. Miranda argued that his Fifth Amendment right to due process of law, and his Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been violated. The Warren Court ruled in Miranda’s favor. They stated that the police cannot question someone about a crime before informing that person of his Constitutional rights to remain silent, that any statement given may be used as evidence against him, and that he has the right to have an attorney present during questioning. These warnings are now known as “Miranda Rights.” 1. Does the Court’s decision in Mapp v. Ohio forbid police officers from going into people’s homes, cars, etc. without search warrants? Explain. 2. Why is having the right to a lawyer essential for most people seeking a fair trial? 24 3. When the Escobedo decision was handed down, many people felt the Court was coddling criminals and went too far in handing out rights to the accused. Some felt the Court was preventing the police from doing their jobs. Others felt this decision would make the police act in a more professional manner. How do you think this ruling affected the police? Explain. 4. How do you think the police reacted to the Court’s decision in the Miranda case? Explain. 5. One high-ranking police official was quoted as saying, “I guess now we will have to supply all squad cars with lawyers” after the Miranda decision was handed down. What do you think he meant by this statement? 6. Explain how the Court believed they were protecting the rights of the accused in their decision in the Miranda case. 25 Geography 1. Which two countries border North Korea? 2. What is the 38th Parallel? 3. How far north did UN troops advance into North Korea? 4. Why was there a Communist Chinese offensive (November 1950-January 1951)? 5. Discuss at least two generalizations that can be drawn from the Interstate Highway System maps. 26