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Beowulf -- Student Notes for PowerPoint Beowulf is an Epic - An epic is a long ___________ about a larger than life ___________. Characteristics of an Epic: A ___________ hero with great ___________. Broad ___________ which includes upper and lower worlds. The hero does great ___________ or goes on long ___________. ______________________ beings are involved. ___________ language. Epic Hero - Characteristics of the Epic Hero: Super ___________ – a man of stature or nobility (but still ___________) Reflects the ___________ or heroic ideals of his ___________ Extremely ___________ to his ___________ and people. Brave and ___________. Victorious in battle – ___________ ___________ ___________ Selflessly ___________ ___________ to rid society of danger. Has a god-fashioned ___________ Receives help from the ___________ Is __________________ by the people he saves Why is Beowulf Special? •Oldest surviving ___________ in British Literature. •Written in ___________ ___________ between 700-750. •Depicts life in ________________________ times. Beowulf, The Manuscript •Story passed down through ___________ tradition. •Was later written down by two ___________. •Dates back to ___________ CE. •Exists in a single Anglo-Saxon manuscript. •A fire in 1731 damaged it. •First translated into Latin in 1815. •Translated into Modern English in 1837. •The British Library in London now owns it. A Peek at Old English--What is Old English? It is also called _______________________________. It is a mixture of ___________, __________________ and _______________________. It was spoken for a period of 700 years – from Anglo-Saxon invasion (5th century) until ___________ when the _________________ invaded. It has ________________ origin; eg, compare the modern Good day to Old English’s “Gódne dæg” and to the German’s “Guten Tag.” The Anglo-Saxon folk tale originated from oral tradition, sung by a ___________ -___________ for ___________ and their guests in great halls to entertain and to encourage the values of the tribe: 1. Honoring courage over long ___________. 2. Enjoying feasting, _______________________, and music. 3. Viewing life fatalistically, even within the ______________________ tradition. 4. Admiring physical ___________ more than mental acuity. 5. Valuing loyalty to the lord or ___________ above all. The Setting - The story is set in 6th Century ______________________. It has a historical perspective, recording the ___________ and beliefs of the period. Beowulf’s kingdom would have been what is now Southern ___________________ The Story - Beowulf tackles three enemies: He fights and kills the monster _________________. He fights and kills Grendel’s _________________. He fights and kills the ____________________ Recurring Themes The importance of establishing ___________________ (family lineage.) Loyalty to one’s ___________ and people is paramount Heroic ________________ are rewarded – _______________ can be achieved Good vs. Evil. – When humans remain ___________________ and sacrifice for those in need, even though it may be painful, good will triumph over evil. Code of Ethics A code of conduct that called for a close allegiance between a ___________ and his ______________. Loyalty and bravery were rewarded with _______________ and armor. One’s rich ___________ was viewed as a symbol of one’s success and bravery in ___________. Literary Devices in Beowulf Alliteration - repetition of initial ______________________ sounds in neighboring words: eg, sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, jump for joy. –In Beowulf, there are three alliterations in every line: “Now Beowulf bode in the burg of the Scyldings, leader beloved, and long he ruled in fame with all folk since his father had gone…” Kenning - a literary device in which a ___________ is renamed in a creative way using a compound word or union of two separate words to combine ideas. •Examples: –Whale-road (sea) –Ring-giver (king) –Battle-friend (arrow) –Bone house (body) Caesura: ___________________ created by _________________. Usually in the first half of a line there will be two alliterated sounds and then a pause, followed by another alliterated sound. Ex: 5:218 “And then, in the morning, this mead-hall glittering/” •And finally…We have epic poems to: •record and chronicle one’s heroic deeds. •preserve history. •achieve immortality. •reward courage and loyalty. •entertain and flatter