Download Unit 19 ~ The Vietnam War Review

Vietnam War & SALT Treaty Review
Throughout the Cold War, ____________ ___________ expenditures greatly benefitted
Virginia’s economy. In fact, this federal spending helped Virginia’s economy proportionately ______ than
that of any other ________. National defense spending during the Cold War was especially important in
Virginia in the areas of _________ _________ and ___________ ____________. Hampton Roads had
many large _______, army, and air force bases, as well __________ ______ Shipyard. Northern Virginia
was home to the ___________, ________ bases, and ________ ___________ who did business with the
Department of Defense.
________ ___. ____________ became president in 1961. At his 1961 inauguration,
____________ said the United States would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support
any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” These ideas showed
the determination of the American leadership to meet the challenge of the Soviet Union and its
___________ beliefs during the ________ War. Since the Cold War began after World War II, both
political parties had supported the policy of _______________, which meant restricting communism to
those countries where it already existed. Events in Southeast Asia would soon test the American
commitment to both the _______________ policy and President Kennedy’s lofty ideals.
After World War II, Vietnamese nationalists in Indochina were fighting for their independence
from __________. The Vietnamese independence movement was led by ______ _______ ______. Ho
Chi Minh wanted an independent Vietnam to have a _____________ government. Because of Ho Chi Minh’s
communist beliefs, the United States decided to support ___________ in its attempt to keep Indochina
as a colony. However, after ____ _____ _______’s army defeated the French forces, _________
withdrew from Indochina.
In 1954 a conference in Geneva, Switzerland divided Vietnam into two parts: North Vietnam, which
had a ___________ government led by Ho Chi Minh and South Vietnam, which had a non-communist
government. This conference also scheduled reunification elections for the mid-fifties. However, these
elections never occurred, largely because the ___________ administration feared Ho Chi Minh would win
and all Vietnam would become ___________.
North Vietnam then tried to take over South Vietnam by force and install a _____________
government there. The North Vietnamese received support from the ___________, which were South
Vietnamese communists who wanted to unite all of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh’s rule. The official name of
the Vietcong was the ____________ ____________ _________.
In order to prevent South Vietnam falling into communist hands, the Eisenhower administration
continued to follow the ______________ policy by sending large amounts of __________ and ________
aid to South Vietnam. The American military buildup in South Vietnam began under the next president,
_______ ___. ___________. When Kennedy was _____________ in 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson became
___________. President Johnson greatly escalated or increased the American _________ buildup in
Vietnam. By the end of 1968, more than ____________ American troops were stationed in Vietnam.
The Johnson administration chose to fight a “_________” war in Vietnam. This meant the United
States avoided any military action, which might widen the war by including either the ________ ________
or communist ________. American leaders feared widening the war might risk either a ________ war or
a third __________ war. They argued that, under the ___________ policy, America’s purpose was simply
to prevent South Vietnam from falling under communist control.
By 1968 the American people had become __________ on whether the United States should
continue to fight in the Vietnam War. Opposition to American involvement centered on the nation’s
__________ campuses. After President Johnson chose not to run for re-election as president, ________
_________ won the 1968 presidential election. During the 1968 campaign, Nixon promised to bring the
Vietnam War to a ____________ end and adopted the slogan “___________ with ________.”
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President Nixon called his Vietnam strategy ______________. Under this policy, the Nixon
administration would try to build up __________ Vietnamese forces, while gradually withdrawing
____________ troops. Thereby, he hoped both to contain __________ and achieve “_________ with
_______.” Vietnamization succeeded / failed. (Choose one.) As the United States was gradually
withdrawing its troops from South Vietnam, the _________ __________ continued to supply the North
Vietnamese Army with weapons and equipment. Meanwhile, President Nixon became involved in the
______________ scandal. _______________ was the public exposure of a burglary and its cover-up by
the Nixon administration. This political scandal led to the resignation of President _________ ________
in August 1974. _________ ________ succeeded Nixon as president. In the spring of 1975, after the
United States had withdrawn all its combat troops from South Vietnam, ________ Vietnamese troops
easily overran ________ Vietnam. Vietnam then became one nation under ___________ rule. Although
the post-World War II _____________ policy had failed to prevent the spread of communism to South
Vietnam, the United States continued to follow this policy in other parts of the world.
When Vietnam veterans returned home to the United States, many of them faced _____________
or outright __________. Their reception was very different from the experience of _______ ____ __
veterans. When World War II veterans came home from Europe and the Pacific in 1945, they had
returned to a _________ and _____________ nation. In contrast, __________ veterans initially
received neither appreciation nor respect from many Americans who had __________ the war. Over time
the treatment of Vietnam veterans has improved, and Vietnam vets are now recognized and honored for
their ________ and _____________.
__________ _____________ served as President Nixon’s secretary of state in 1972. President
Nixon and Secretary ____________ added a new twist to the containment policy. By the early seventies,
they realized that the two communist giants, ________ and the _________ ________, had become rivals
for power. As a result, Nixon and Kissinger entered discussions with both countries in an attempt to play
the two _____________ giants against each other. For example, in 1972 the United States began to
establish formal diplomatic relations with communist __________, and President Nixon visited the Chinese
communist leader ______ __________. That year President Nixon also traveled to the __________
_________, where he visited the Soviet leader __________ ____________. At this meeting the United
States and the Soviet Union signed the _________ Treaty. This treaty established limits on the number
of strategic __________ weapons held by both the Soviet Union and the United States. The SALT
Treaty was very important because it was the first step toward ending the ________ _______ ________
between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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