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Mnemonic for Step 2 CS PAM HUGS FOSS (a mnemonic for past medical history) P-revious history of smilar symptoms A-llergies (medications, foods, over-the-counters, etc.) M-edications (mediations the patient may be taking, including non-prescription meds) H-ospitalization (previous hospitalizations for any illnesses or surgeries) U-rinary changes (frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, foul-smelling urine) G-astrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, bowel habit changes, melena, etc.) S-leep pattern (insomnia, early waking) F-amily history (any illnesses in the family, particulary first-degree relatives) O-b/Gyn history (last menstrual period, pregnancies, miscarriages, abortions, length of periods) S-exual habits (STDs, male/female preference) S-ocial history (smoking, alcohol, drugs, occupation) LIQOR AAA (useful for asking about pain) L-ocation of the symptom (abdomen, back, leg) I-intesity (use a scale from 1-10) Q-uality of the symptom (sharp, dull, crampy, burning) O-nset of the symptoms (when did it start, what precipitated the pain?) R-adiation of the pain (radiation to the back, arm, groin, etc.) A-ssociated symptoms (nausea, dysuria, chest pain, shortness of breath) A-lleviating factors (leaning forward, lying still, using a hot pack) A-ggravating factors (moving, eating, physical effort) PQRST (also helpful for asking about pain) P-osition Q-uality (sharp, dull, crampy, burning) R-adiation (radiation of the pain to the back, arm, groin, etc.) S-everity (use a scale from 1-10) T-timing (worse with meals, bowel movements, time of day, etc.) SODAS (useful for obtaining a detailed social history) S-moking (cigarettes, marijuana, how much, how many years) O-ccupation (what does the patient do for a living?) D-rugs (what drug, how do they use it, any IV drug use?) A-lcohol (whaty type of alcohol, how often, how much, consider doing a CAGE questionnaire) S-exual history (number of partners, protection, STDs, pregancies, etc.)