Download exercise6

Translation
1. English to Bulgarian
In particle physics, fundamental interactions (sometimes called interactive forces or
fundamental forces) are the ways that elementary particles interact with one another. An
interaction is fundamental when it cannot be described in terms of other interactions.
The four known fundamental interactions, all of which are non-contact forces, are
electromagnetism, strong interaction, weak interaction (also known as "strong nuclear
force" and "weak nuclear force" respectively) and gravitation. With the possible
exception of gravitation, these interactions can usually be described in a set of
calculational approximation methods known as perturbation theory, as being mediated
by the exchange of gauge bosons (in particle physics, a gauge boson is a force carrier, a bosonic
particle that carries any of the fundamental interactions of nature; elementary particles, whose
interactions are described by a gauge theory, interact with each other by the exchange of gauge
bosons—usually as virtual particles) between particles. However, there are situations where
perturbation theory does not adequately describe the observed phenomena, such as
bound states and solitons.
The forces and the particles of nature are intimately connected with the origin and
development of the universe. With a force unification theory in hand, it might be possible
to answer questions such as: “ How did the universe evolve to its present state?” and
“What will the universe be like in the future?”
2. Bulgarian to English
Вселената обикновено се определя като съвкупност от всичко, което съществува,
включително
цялата
материя
и
енергия,
планети,
звезди,
галактики,
и
съдържанието на междугалактическото пространство. Различни определения и
употребата им варират и подобни термини включват космоса, света и природата.
Научни наблюдения на по-ранни етапи в развитието на вселената, които могат да
се видят на големи разстояния, предполагат, че вселената се управлява от едни и
същи физически закони и константи за по-голямата си част и история. Има
различни теории за мултивселените, в които физиците предполагат, че нашата
Вселена може да е една сред много вселени, които също така съществуват.
The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all
matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space.
Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature.
Scientific observation of earlier stages in the development of the universe, which can be
seen at great distances, suggests that the universe has been governed by the same
physical laws and constants throughout most of its extent and history. There are various
multiverse theories, in which physicists have suggested that our universe might be one
among many universes that likewise exist.
International transfers
How long does it take?
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
Mary Jones:
Bank clerk:
— Hello. Can I help you, ma´am?
Yes. Could you tell me how to send some money to someone with an
—
account with a bank in Bulgaria?
Well, you can pay by mail, telegraphic or SWIFT transfer. Or you
—
can have a banker´s draft* and mail it yourself to the beneficiary.
— Which is the best way?
It depends on the amount and how fast you want that person to
receive the money. A SWIFT transfer is the fastest method but a
—
banker´s draft is usually the cheapest. How much do you wanna
send?
— $800.
— Why don´t you send it by mail payment order?
— How long does it take?
— About a week.
— I don´t know. Can I send it more quickly?
— Sure. You can have a Telegraphic or a SWIFT transfer.
— And how long do those take?
Both a Telegraphic Transfer and a SWIFT transfer will normally be
credited to the payee´s account within three or four working days,
— depending on whether the beneficiary´s bank is among our
correspondent banks or we have to route the transfer through a third
bank.
— I see. How can I pay by Telegraphic Transfer?
— You have to fill out this form, ma´am.
* (also called a bank cheque, certified cheque in Canada or, in the US, a cashier's check)
Put in the correct verb forms into the gaps to form
questions. Use Simple Present.
Example: ___ they ______ their friends? (to phone)
Answer: Do they phone their friends?
1) you mineral water? (to drink)
2) Sarah and Linda their pets? (to feed)
3) your teacher your homework? (to check)
4) they in the old house? (to live)
5) the cat on the wall in the mornings? (to sit)
6) Nina computer games? (to play)
7) your parents TV in the afternoon? (to watch)
8) your grandmother the phone? (to answer)
9) Andy the shopping? (to do)
10) Garry and Ken a cup of tea in the afternoon? (to
have)
Complete the sentences like in the example. Use the
long form of the auxiliary.
Example: Jane ___________ a book. (not/to read)
Answer: Jane (does not read) a book.
1) Tom stamps. (not/to collect)
2) You songs in the bathroom. (not/to sing)
3) Julie in the garden. (not/to work)
4) I at home. (not/to sit)
5) Tina and Kate the windows. (not/to open)
6) Adam French. (not/to speak)
7) His sister lemonade. (not/to like)
8) We to music. (not/to listen)
9) My father the car every Saturday. (not/to clean)
10) Johnny and Danny in the lake. (not/to swim)
Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the
Simple Past in the statements.
Put in the correct verb form into the gap to form
questions. Use Simple Past.
Example: ___ they ______ their friends? (to meet)
Answer: Did they meet their friends?
1) you the door? (to close)
2) Claire the housework? (to finish)
3) he a bath yesterday? (to have)
4) the boy into the lake? (to jump)
5) Ronald the Tower of London? (to visit)
6) Peggy and Olivia after the baby? (to look)
7) she the invitation cards herself? (to make)
8) the girl the ketchup bottle? (to drop)
9) Tim the green T-shirt last Monday? (to buy)
10) they karate this morning? (to practise)
Negate the first sentence in each task. Write the
negation of the verbs in bold into the correct gaps. You
can use long or short/contracted forms of the auxiliary.
Example: Tom wrote a letter. - Tom ______________ a
letter.
Answer: Tom wrote a letter. - Tom did not write a letter.
or Tom didn't write a letter.
1) He played handball. - He handball.
2) Susan waited in the kitchen. - Susan in the kitchen.
3) I made the beds. - I the beds.
4) They cleaned the classroom. - They the classroom.
5) She asked a lot of questions. - She a lot of questions.
6) The friends got new computers. - The friends new
computers.
7) I was in Sofia last weekend. - I in Sofia last weekend.
8) You built a house. - You a house.
9) Christian bought a new guitar. - Christian a new
guitar.
10) We went shopping. - We shopping.
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present
Perfect.
Example: I _____________ my father's car. (to wash)
Answer: I have washed my father's car.
1) Karen me an e-mail. (to send)
2) Dave and Pat the museum. (to visit)
3) I at the pet shop. (to be)
4) They already their rucksacks. (to pack)
5) Marcus an accident. (to have)
6) We the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
7) I just my bike. (to clean)
8) Emily her room. (to paint)
9) Lisa and Colin to a concert. (to go)
10) My friends smoking. (to give up)
Put in the correct verb forms into the gaps to form
questions. Use the Present Perfect.
Example: ___ she _____ the car? (to clean)
Answer: Has she cleaned the car?
1) you the kitchen door? (to paint)
2) your brother the shopping? (to do)
3) Julian ever a spider? (to touch)
4) your father ever on an elephant? (to ride)
5) Lee his parents yet? (to ask)
6) What you in your text? (to write)
7) Bill the radio? (to turn off)
8) you ever in a helicopter? (to fly)
9) Who the window? (to break)
10) you ever for your friends? (to cook)
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps and form
negative sentences in the Present Perfect.
Example: He ______________ to music. (not/to listen)
Answer: He has not listened to music. or He hasn't
listened to music. or He's not listened to music.
1) Our class the test yet. (not/to write)
2) Tim and Joe a box. (not/to carry)
3) It to snow. (not/to start)
4) The cat onto the table. (not/to jump)
5) I the castle. (not/to visit)
6) We out of the room. (not/to go)
7) Fred the money. (not/to steal)
8) They Anne about it. (not/to tell)
9) Steven through the park. (not/to walk)
10) The teacher to the party. (not/to come)