Download Unit A, “Processes of Living Things”

Unit A, “Processes of Living Things”
Chapter 1, “From Single Cells to Body Systems”
Lesson 2, “How Are Human Body Systems Organized?” pgs.A16-A21
Body Systems
Body systems must _____work together__________ to keep you alive.
Explain how two body systems work together.
The respiratory system takes in oxygen and the circulatory system delivers it to all parts
of the body.
The Circulatory System
The circulatory system transports ____oxygen___________, _____nutrients__________,
and _____waste__________ through the body in the blood.
Plasma is … it is the liquid part of the blood, it is mostly water
The solid part of the blood contains ____red blood cells___________ and ____white
blood cells___________. Explain what they do.
Red blood cells – absorb oxygen from the lungs and transport throughout the body
White blood cells – help fight infection
The blood also contains _________platelets______, which help the blood to
______clot_________.
Blood leaves the heart through ______arteries_________. Which lead to
______capillaries_________.
Define Capillaries – blood vessels so small that blood cells have to move through in
single file
Capillaries lead to ___veins____________, which return blood to the heart.
The Respiratory System
Air travels down your ___trachea____________ or windpipe.
The trachea branches into two tubes called ____bronchi___________, each tube leads
into a lung.
At the end of each bronchi are ______alveoli_________.
Define Alveoli – tiny air sacs in the lungs
At the alveoli what two gases are exchanging places? Where is each gas going?
Oxygen is coming into the body (circulatory system)
Carbon Dioxide is leaving the body
The Digestive System
What two functions does the digestive system have?
Break food into nutrients and get the nutrients into the blood
What does saliva do?
Moistens food and begins to break it down
Food travels down a long tube called _____esophagus__________, into the stomach.
After leaving the stomach, food travels into the small intestine.
Define Villi – projections sticking out of the walls of the small intestine into the blood,
where nutrients diffuse through
What do the villi do?
Put nutrients into the blood
After leaving the small intestine, food enters the _____large intestine __________.
Eventually wastes are removed from the body.
Name two other organs involved in digestion. What do they do?
Liver – produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder, that helps break down fats
Pancreas- helps neutralize stomach acid and finish digestion
The Excretory System
The main function of the excretory system:
To remove waste from the body
Cell waste includes carbon dioxide and ______ammonia_________.
Ammonia is carries to the ____liver___________, where it is changed to
_______urea________.
Urea is then carried by the blood to the _______kidneys________, located behind the
liver and stomach.
Define Nephrons – tubes in the kidneys where water and urea diffuse into
Urine, which is urea and water, flows from the kidneys through tubes called
____ureters___________. Then it flows into the bladder, when the bladder is full, urine
leaves the body through the _______urethra________.
When you sweat your body is getting rid of _____excess heat __________.