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CHEM 113 The Language of Chemistry: Naming Inorganic Compounds Positive Ions (Cations) Cations formed from a metal atom have the same name as the metal. Na+ Al+3 sodium ion aluminum ion If a metal can form cations of differing charges, the positive charge is given by a Roman numeral in parenthesis following the name of the metal. Au+ Au2+ Gold (I) Gold (II) or or Aurous Auric Cations from nonmetal atoms have the names that end in –ium. NH4+ ammonium ion H3O+ hydronium ion Negative Ions (Anions) Monoatomic anions The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ide . H- hydride ion O2- oxide ion Polyatomic anions 1. The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ide . OH- CN- hydroxide ion cyanide ion 2. Oxyions – polyatomic anions containing oxygen Common Oxyions The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ite or –ate . NO3- nitrate ion Series of Oxyions NO2- The names are formed by adding a prefix per- or hypo- as appropriate and replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ite or –ate . ClO4- perchlorate ion ClO2- chlorite ion ClO3- chlorate ion ClO- hypochlorite ion Anions Derived by Adding H+ to an Oxyion CO32Naming Inorganic Compounds nitrite ion carbonate ion The names are formed by adding as a prefix the word hydrogen or dihydrogen as appropriate HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion Page 1 of 4 Binary Compounds – compounds which contain two different elements Binary Salts – compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal 1. Metal with fixed oxidation number (Group IA and IIA) Name of Metal + Name of Nonmetal with –IDE LiI KAt Lithium iodide Potassium astatide Cs2S CaCl2 Cesium sulfide Calcium chloride 2. Metals with variable oxidation numbers Name of metal (Roman Numeral) + Name of Nonmetal with -IDE PbBr2 PbBr4 Lead (II) bromide Lead (IV) bromide AuCl AuCl3 Gold (I) chloride Gold (III) chloride Name of metal with suffixes –OUS or –IC + Name of Nonmetal with -IDE Cu3B Cu3B2 Cuprous boride Cupric boride SnS SnS2 Stannous sulfide Stannic sulfide Binary Acids – compounds containing hydrogen and a nonmetallic element 1. Dry Form – the acid is not dissolved in water Hydrogen + Name of Nonmetal with –IDE H2S Hydrogen sulfide HCl Hydrogen chloride 2. Aqueous Form – the acid is dissolved in water to form an acidic solution Hydro + Name of Nonmetal with –IC + Acid H2Saq Hydrosulfuric acid HClaq Hydrochloric acid Nonmetal and Nonmetal Compounds – compounds containing two nonmetallic elements. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms in each element present in a molecule of a compound. 1. Name the more positive element first, followed by the name of the more negative element. 2. Use the Greek prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each type of element present in the formula of the compound. (-MONO is often omitted when it applies to the first element in the compound). 3. Use suffix –IDE to the second element. N2O NO Naming Inorganic Compounds Dinitrogen monoxide Nitrogen monoxide NO2 N2O4 Nitrogen dioxide Dinitrogen tetroxide Page 2 of 4 1 2 3 Mono Di Tri 6 7 8 Hexa Hepta Octa 4 Tetra 9 Nona 5 Penta 10 Deca Hydrides – compounds containing hydrogen and a metal. In these compounds, hydrogen is more electronegative than the metal and it is assigned an oxidation number of –1. Name of Metal + HYDRIDE RbH Rubidium hydride ZnH2 Zinc hydride Tertiary Compounds – compounds which contain three different elements Ternary Acids or Oxy-acids 1. Dry Form Hydrogen + Oxy-ion in –ATE form H2CO3 H3PO4 Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen phosphate H2SO4 HClO4 Hydrogen sulfate Hydrogen perchlorate HClO Hydrogen hypochlorite Hydrogen + Oxy-ion in –ITE form H2SO3 Hydrogen sulfite 2. Aqueous Form (-ATE form) Name of the Root of the Middle Element + –IC + ACID H2CO3 H3PO4 Carbonic acid Hydrogen phosphate H2SO4 HClO4 Sulfuric acid Hydrogen perchlorate (-ITE form) Name of the Root of the Middle Element + –OUS + ACID H2SO3 Naming Inorganic Compounds Sulfurous acid H2PO3 Phosphorous acid Page 3 of 4 Ternary Salts – salts of the oxy-acids (metal + oxy-ion) 1. Metal With Fixed Oxidation Number Name of Metal or Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion NaNO3 NaNO2 Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite BaSO4 BaSO3 Barium sulfate Barium sulfite 2. Metal With Variable Oxidation Numbers Name of Metal or Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion FeCO3 Iron (II) carbonate Ferrous carbonate Iron (III) carbonate Ferric carbonate Fe2(CO3)3 PbSO4 Pb(SO4)2 Lead (II) sulfate Plumbous sulfate Lead (IV) sulfate Plumbic sulfate Compounds Containing Four or More Elements Name of Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion NH4ClO KH2PO4 Ammonium hypochlorite Potassium dihydrogen phosphate CsHSO4 Cesium bisulfate Hydrates – compounds which contain water molecules as part of its crystalline structure. Name of Compound + Greek Prefix (-MONO, -DI, etc) Hydrate BaCl2 . H2O Barium chloride dihydrate Barium chloride 2-hydrate CuSO4 . 5H2O Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate Copper (II) sulfate 5-hydrate Naming Inorganic Compounds Page 4 of 4