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CHEM 113
The Language of Chemistry: Naming Inorganic Compounds
Positive Ions (Cations)
Cations formed from a metal atom have the same name as the metal.
Na+
Al+3
sodium ion
aluminum ion
If a metal can form cations of differing charges, the positive charge is given by a Roman numeral
in parenthesis following the name of the metal.
Au+
Au2+
Gold (I)
Gold (II)
or
or
Aurous
Auric
Cations from nonmetal atoms have the names that end in –ium.
NH4+
ammonium ion
H3O+
hydronium ion
Negative Ions (Anions)
Monoatomic anions
The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ide .
H-
hydride ion
O2-
oxide ion
Polyatomic anions
1. The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with –ide .
OH-
CN-
hydroxide ion
cyanide ion
2. Oxyions – polyatomic anions containing oxygen
Common Oxyions
The names are formed by replacing the ending of the name of
the element with –ite or –ate .
NO3- nitrate ion
Series of Oxyions
NO2-
The names are formed by adding a prefix per- or hypo- as
appropriate and replacing the ending of the name of the element
with –ite or –ate .
ClO4- perchlorate ion
ClO2-
chlorite ion
ClO3- chlorate ion
ClO-
hypochlorite ion
Anions Derived by Adding H+ to an Oxyion
CO32Naming Inorganic Compounds
nitrite ion
carbonate ion
The names are formed by adding as a
prefix
the
word
hydrogen
or
dihydrogen as appropriate
HCO3- hydrogen carbonate ion
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Binary Compounds – compounds which contain two different elements
Binary Salts – compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal
1. Metal with fixed oxidation number (Group IA and IIA)
Name of Metal + Name of Nonmetal with –IDE
LiI
KAt
Lithium iodide
Potassium astatide
Cs2S
CaCl2
Cesium sulfide
Calcium chloride
2. Metals with variable oxidation numbers
Name of metal (Roman Numeral) + Name of Nonmetal with -IDE
PbBr2
PbBr4
Lead (II) bromide
Lead (IV) bromide
AuCl
AuCl3
Gold (I) chloride
Gold (III) chloride
Name of metal with suffixes –OUS or –IC + Name of Nonmetal with -IDE
Cu3B
Cu3B2
Cuprous boride
Cupric boride
SnS
SnS2
Stannous sulfide
Stannic sulfide
Binary Acids – compounds containing hydrogen and a nonmetallic element
1. Dry Form – the acid is not dissolved in water
Hydrogen + Name of Nonmetal with –IDE
H2S
Hydrogen sulfide
HCl
Hydrogen chloride
2. Aqueous Form – the acid is dissolved in water to form an acidic solution
Hydro + Name of Nonmetal with –IC + Acid
H2Saq
Hydrosulfuric acid
HClaq
Hydrochloric acid
Nonmetal and Nonmetal Compounds – compounds containing two nonmetallic elements.
Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of
atoms in each element present in a molecule of a
compound.
1.
Name the more positive element first, followed by the name of the more negative element.
2.
Use the Greek prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each type of element present in
the formula of the compound. (-MONO is often omitted when it applies to the first element
in the compound).
3.
Use suffix –IDE to the second element.
N2O
NO
Naming Inorganic Compounds
Dinitrogen monoxide
Nitrogen monoxide
NO2
N2O4
Nitrogen dioxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide
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1
2
3
Mono
Di
Tri
6
7
8
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
4
Tetra
9
Nona
5
Penta
10
Deca
Hydrides – compounds containing hydrogen and a metal. In these compounds, hydrogen is
more electronegative than the metal and it is assigned an oxidation number of –1.
Name of Metal + HYDRIDE
RbH
Rubidium hydride
ZnH2
Zinc hydride
Tertiary Compounds – compounds which contain three different elements
Ternary Acids or Oxy-acids
1. Dry Form
Hydrogen + Oxy-ion in –ATE form
H2CO3
H3PO4
Hydrogen carbonate
Hydrogen phosphate
H2SO4
HClO4
Hydrogen sulfate
Hydrogen perchlorate
HClO
Hydrogen hypochlorite
Hydrogen + Oxy-ion in –ITE form
H2SO3
Hydrogen sulfite
2. Aqueous Form
(-ATE form) Name of the Root of the Middle Element + –IC + ACID
H2CO3
H3PO4
Carbonic acid
Hydrogen phosphate
H2SO4
HClO4
Sulfuric acid
Hydrogen perchlorate
(-ITE form) Name of the Root of the Middle Element + –OUS + ACID
H2SO3
Naming Inorganic Compounds
Sulfurous acid
H2PO3
Phosphorous acid
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Ternary Salts – salts of the oxy-acids (metal + oxy-ion)
1. Metal With Fixed Oxidation Number
Name of Metal or Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion
NaNO3
NaNO2
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
BaSO4
BaSO3
Barium sulfate
Barium sulfite
2. Metal With Variable Oxidation Numbers
Name of Metal or Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion
FeCO3
Iron (II) carbonate
Ferrous carbonate
Iron (III) carbonate
Ferric carbonate
Fe2(CO3)3
PbSO4
Pb(SO4)2
Lead (II) sulfate
Plumbous sulfate
Lead (IV) sulfate
Plumbic sulfate
Compounds Containing Four or More Elements
Name of Positive Ion + Name of Negative Ion
NH4ClO
KH2PO4
Ammonium hypochlorite
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
CsHSO4
Cesium bisulfate
Hydrates – compounds which contain water molecules as part of its crystalline structure.
Name of Compound + Greek Prefix (-MONO, -DI, etc) Hydrate
BaCl2 . H2O
Barium chloride dihydrate
Barium chloride 2-hydrate
CuSO4 . 5H2O
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper (II) sulfate 5-hydrate
Naming Inorganic Compounds
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