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5 Senses Cornell Notes Questions Notes: Hearing. Ears convert sound to nerve impulses that brain interprets in temporal lobe. How sound is produced – vibrations move away from source of sound (in waves). Particles in air vibrate. Ear in 3 parts: 1. outer – funnel shaped to gather sound waves that travel down canal. 2. Middle – eardrum vibrates when sound strikes it (like a drum). Vibrations travel through 3 smallest bones from hammer to anvil to stirrup. 3. Inner – stirrup vibrates against thin membrane that covers opening of inner ear. Membrane channels vibration into fluid in cochlea (lined with receptor cells that move with sound). When fluid vibrates, it stimulates receptors. Sensory neurons send nerve impulse to cerebrum through auditory nerve that are interpreted as sounds. Balance and inner ear. Semicircular canals – balance. Fluid filled & hair like extensions. When head moves – fluid in canal moves causing hairs to bend. Bend produces nerve impulses in sensory neurons. Impulses travel to CEREBELLUM, which analyzes impulse to determine way head is moving and position of body. If cerebellum senses you are losing sense of balance, it sends impulse to muscles to help regain balance. Smell and taste. Receptors in nose react to chemicals in air from food to nose. When you take a bite – taste buds on tongue respond to chemicals in food. Nose can distinguish at least 50 basic odors. Only 5 tastes in tongue (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami). Flavor of food influenced by both taste and smell. Smell and taste work closely together. Depends on chemicals in food and air – trigger response in nose and mouth. Nerve impulses trigger response in nose and mouth. Nerve impulses travel to brain for interpretation. Touch – all areas of skin. Skin contains different kinds of touch receptors that respond to a # of stimuli. 1. light touch – upper part of dermis 2. heavy pressure – deeper in dermis 3. pain – one of most important feelings (alters body to danger) 4. temperature