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Document related concepts
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Browser - Obtains web pages from a server and displays them.Text Editor - a program for
creating and editing text files. Examples are NotePad, WordPad, TextPad or PSPad.
Server - A computer or device on a network that manages network resources such as web
pages.Host - A computer system that is connected to the Internet.Packet Switching - A
method of transmitting data over the Internet in which messages are divided into packets
before they are sent. Each packet is then transmitted individually and can even follow
different routes to its destination.Once all the packets forming a message arrive at the
destination, they are assembled to reproduce the original message,DNS - Short for Domain
Name System (or Service or Server). A Internet service that translates domain names into
IPaddresses.ARPANET - The precursor to the Internet, ARPANET was a largenetwork created
by the United States Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). Established in
1969, ARPANET served as a testbed for new networking technologies, linking many
universities and research centers.Bit - Short for binary digit, the smallest unit of
information on a computer. The term was first used in 1946 by John Tukey
who was a mathematician and statistian at Princeton. A single bit can hold only one of
two values: 0 or 1.Protocol - An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two
devices. Two common protocols are http and ftp.HTML Tag - A command delimited by angle
brackets specifies how the document, or portion of the document, should be formatted.
Ex.of HTML start tags: <html> <head> <title> <body> Ex.of HTML end tags: </html> </head>
</title> </body> Attribute - Additional information added to an HTML tag that specifies
how the tag will behave. Ex.of HTML attributes:style src href border cellpadding
type.Inline Style CSS - A style that is specified as an attribute added.to an HTML tag.
This kind of style only applies to this one tag.Document-level Style - A style that is
specified in the head.section of the page. Style that modify elements (tags) hereapply
to every tag in the document. CSS Element - The HTML tag to which the document-level
style is being applied. Ex:body p h1 span,CSS Property - The part of the style that is
being defined.Ex:color background-color font-family font-weightCSS Value - The exact
behavior of the property that is chosen.Ex:red Arial bold 120%.CSS elements, properties
and values come in triples with this syntax:element { property1: value1; property2:
value2; }Directory - another name for folder.Parent Folder - Refers to the folder above
the current folder. Thedepth of the parent folder is one less than the depth of the
current folder.Sibling Folder - Sibling folders are folders with the same
parentfolder.Home Folder - the folder containing mail and public_html.Part B.For what
purpose was HTML invented?To display scientific papers on the internet.Who lead the team
that invented the transistor?Shockley Why is John Von Neumann important in the history of
computers?He realized the advantages of storing both data and computer instructions as
binary data.What does a DNS server do?t translates a logical URL into an IP address.For
which invention is Tim Berners-Lee noted?His team invented HTML at CERN.Explain how to
download an HTML file from students.depaul.edu.In a browser: Right click > Save As >
HTML.Using SSH: Drag the file from the right (server side) to the left (Local PC side).
You upload an HTML web page to the server and tryto view it with a browser, but nothing
appears. List some possible reasons./You might not have saved the page in PSPad after
editing it.b) not have refreshed the page after uploading it(c) have spelled public_html
incorrectly.(d) not have uploaded the page into the public_html file.e) have forgotten
the </title> tag.(e) have forgotten the </style> tag.(f) have omitted the closing " or
the closing >.(g) have the double version problem: you are editing one version and
uploading a different version.(h) The permissions for the page or folders containing it
are incorrect./ Why are file permissions important for web pages displayed on
a server? Ans: It is important for anyone that wants to view a web page to have read
permission for that page, but only the owner should have write permission so that others
cannotalter you web pages.What are the delimiting tags for an HTML page? <html> and
</html>Which HTML tag denotes a linebreak? <br /> Write code to display the web page
title "My Web Page".Ans: <title>My Web Page</title> shows My Web Page in the title
bar of the browser.To display this text as a heading at the top of the page, use <h1>My
Web Page</h1>. How do you make an image clickable? Ans: Put an image in hyperlink like
this:<a href="mars.htm"><img src="mars.jpg" /></a>What is the term for extracting a
rectangular subimage from an image. Ans: Cropping What items go in the head section of an
HTML page? title meta style.P#3 How is the following HTML code displayed in the browser?
>table border="2"<Ans: >table border="2"<Write an image tag that displays
the image dog.jpg in theimages folder. The images folder is a child folder relative to
the current folder. Ans <img src="images/dog.jpg" />Redo Problem C assuming that the
images folder is a sibling folder, relative to the current folder. <a> href:
src="../images/dog.jpg" /> How would you get the following text to display in a browser?
All's well that ends wellAns: <p style="text-align: right">All's<br />well<br />that<br
/>ends</br>well</p>Write an absolute address tag with link text "Disney Web Site" and
address "www.disney.com".Ans: <a href="http://www.disney.com">Disney Web Site</a> Write a
span tag with an inline style that displays the word Rumplestiltskin with these
specifications:Helvetica font/ Dark green text color/Font size 80% of normal/ Underlined
/ Boldfaced Ans <span style="font-family: Helvetica; color: darkgreen;font-size: 80%;
text-decoration: underline;font-weight: bold">Rumplestiltskin</span>
Write a document-level style that sets the style for theeach paragraph of an HTML page
with these specifications: Arial font Blue text color10 point font siz Background color
beige First line indented by 10 millimeters <style type="text/css"> p { font-style:
Arial; font-size: 10pt; background-color: beige; text-indent: 10mm } </style> Write a
document-level style that makes all table cells 2 centimeters wide.Abs: td { width: 2cm
<img src="cat.jpg" /A document-level style is placed in the head section (between <head>
and </head> tags). A document-level style starts with <style="type/css"> and ends with
</style>. There are three items that go in a document-level style: Elements, e.g., body, p,
h2, tr, img. Properties, e.g., color, background-color, font-family, text-align, width, height. Values, e.g.,
maroon, pink, papyrus, center, 100px. Like inline styles, properties are separated from values with colons
( : ). Like inline styles, property value pairs are separated from each other with semicolons ( ; ). Unlike
inline styles, elements are separated from properties and values with curly braces ( { } ). Properties that
are defined once for an element apply to all elements on the page. A group of styles in curly braces can be
defined for more than one element at a time. Just separate the elements with commas. How should the
permissions be set on the students.depaul.edu server for files? Read permission for owner, group and
other; Write permission for owner only. How should the permissions be set on the students.depaul.edu
server for folders? Ans: Read permission for owner, group and other; Write permission for owner only;
Execute permission for owner, group and other. What is a directory? It is the word in DOS and Unix for
folder.Write an image tag that displays the image named funny-dog.jpg. Ans: <img src="funnydog.jpg" /> How do you reduce the size of an image file? Use MS-Paint. Open the image, select Image
>> Strech/Skew. Enter equal percentages less than 100 for both the Horizontal and Vertical boxes. Write
a hyperlink tag, using an absolute address, that jumps to your Proj1 submission on the
students.depaul.edu server. My Fav<a href="http://students.depaul.edu/proj1ssmith.htm">orites Page</a>My Fav<a href="http://students.depaul.edu/proj1ssmith.htm">orites Page</a> An absolute address for a hyperlink or image is the address of a page in
a website unrelated to the current website. An absolute address begins with http. Always use
target="new" when linking to a website unrelated to the current website. A relative address in a
hyperlink is the address of a page within the current website. A relative address is a path from the current
page to the target page. A relative address does not start with http://. Using target="new" is not
recommended when linking to a relative address in the same website. <body style="fontfamily:Chiller; font-weight:bold;text-align:center; font-size:200%;backgroundcolor:black"> What do you do if you want the first line of each paragraph indented. (The default is not
to indent the first line of a paragraph.) Suppose that you have composed an HTML page using the PSPad
Editor and uploaded it to the server using SSH. However, the page is blank or does not appear at all. List
some things that might be wrong? You might not have saved the page in PSPad after editing it.You might
not have refreshed the page after uploading it.You might have spelled public_html incorrectly.You might
not have uploaded the page into the public_html file.you might have created the public_html file inside
the mail folder.You might have forgotten the </title> tag.You might have forgotten a --> tag.You might
have omitted a closing " or a closing >.You might have the double version problem: you are editing one
version and uploadingand viewing a different version.The permissions for the page or folders containing it
are incorrect. XTML rulesEvery tag requires a matching end tag. Tags must be nested. Do
this: <head><title>My Web Page</title></head> not this: <head><title>My Web
Page</head></title> Use combination start-end tag when there is nothing between the start
and end tag.
Use <br /> instead of <br></br>. Using simply <br> is not legal in XHTML. Use double
quotes for attribute values in a tag. Do this: <body style="background-color:beige"> not
this: <body style=background-color:beige> Use <strong> and <em> instead of <b> and <i>.
Optional. Include this header tag at the beginning of an XHTML file: <!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1strict.dtd"> What does HTML mean? Ans: Hypertext Markup Language What does XHTML mean?
Ans: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language. Name some popular Web browsers. Ans: Internet
Explorer, Netscape, Opera, Mozilla, Firefox, Netscape, Safari (Apple). What is the file
extension of an HTML file? Ans: .htm or .html.; .htm is recommended. What does it mean to
upload a webpage? Ans: It means to copy a file from a local PC to the web server so that
it can be viewed by anyone over the internet. What software can you use to upload a
webpage? Ans: SSH, FTP. A web browser is not used to upload a web page because browsers
are read only for web content. What does it mean to download a webpage? Ans: It means to
move the page from the server to the local PC. What software can you use to download a
webpage? Ans: Any web browser, SSH, FTP. In which server folder must all web documents be
placed to be visible to the outside world? Ans: public_html I try to create a new HTML
file using Windows Explorer, but its associated icon is for a text file. What is wrong?
Ans: The Windows Explorer must be set to display file extensions. (Invoke Windows
Explorer >> Tools >> Folder Options >> View Tab >> Uncheck the box "Hide extensions for
known file types.") Why is it important to set Microsoft Explorer to display file
extensions? Ans: Because you will want to know the exact name of the file without trying
to guess the file extension from the icon beside the file. List the HTML tags that we saw
last time. Ans: <html>
<head>
<title>
<body>
<p>
<h1>
How do you distinguish
a start tag from an end tag? Ans: An end tag contains a forward slash, for example <html>
vs. the start tag </html>
