Download Biol406, Take home Exam 1 (100 points), Answer 50 questions only

Biol406, Take home Exam 1 (100 points), Answer 50 questions only (out of pool of 79)
Based on Ch1, 18, 19, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , Special topics, In-class exercises and Labs (1-6)
Please note that only the first 40 questions answered will be graded; Submit by email on
blackboard
Name_____________________________________________________________________________________
1) Complete the missing labels for the following animal cell:
B)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
A)
C)
Nucleus
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Flagellum
Not in most
plant cells
Lysosome
Ribosomes
Centriole
D)
Peroxisome
Golgi
apparatus
Apparatus
Microtubule
Plasma membrane
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate
filament
E) Mitochondrion
Microfilament
2) Which cellular organelles do the following:
A.energy conversion
__ ________________________
B.protein production ___ _____________________________
H.lipid production, calcium storage___________________________________
I.modifying proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrates _____________________________
J.help in getting rid of foreign materials (bacteria, viruses) ____________________________
3)Examine the micrograph of a growing onion root tip. The high-lighted cells are in various stages of the
cell cycle—most are in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Which of the lists below correctly identify the
mitotic phases for the circled cells?
A
1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Telophase
5. Anaphase
B
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
C
Prophase
Interphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Answer (A, B, C or D)=
4)Use the following choices to complete the table:
1)Mitosis
2)Meiosis
3)Binary Fission
Required for growth in multicellular organisms
Produces haploid gametes
For prokaryotic division
Asexual reproduction
D
Prophase
Interphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Replaces damaged somatic cells
5. A rock contains 18 mg of the radioactive isotope carbon-14. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,600 years.
How many half-lives and years will it take before the carbon-14 decays to less than 4 mg?
A. 1 half-lives; 5,600 years
B. 2 half-lives; 11,200 years
C. 3 half-lives; 16,800 years
D. 4 half-lives; 22,400 years
6. Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin's finches in response to:
A. the available food supply.
B. the available nest building material supplies.
C. the availability of potential mating partners.
D. the presence of ectoparasites on their feathers.
E. the need to improve their feather preening abilities.
7. Radioactive isotopes are used in dating materials from the distant past. Which of the following
statements about radioactive dating techniques is true?
A. It gives the general ages of rock strata. ( 1 million years).
B. It gives exact ages of rock strata. ( 1 year).
C. It uses a technique in which the degree of radioactive decay is measured, the younger the rock the
more radioactive decay.
D. It uses a technique in which the degree of radioactive decay is measured, the older the rock the more
radioactive decay.
E. It does not work well with fossil remains that have not absorbed radiation.
8. In the three-domain system, the eukaryotes are represented
A) only within the domain Eukarya.
B) only within the domain Archaea.
C) by the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
D) by the kingdom Protista.
E) in all three domains.
9) The three-domain system
A) no longer recognizes eukaryotes as a monophyletic group.
B) subdivides the eukaryotes into two different domains.
C) subdivides the prokaryotes into two different domains.
D) separates plants, animals, and fungi into domains.
E) is based upon the presence or absence of cell walls.
10) Which of the following would prevent an organism from becoming part of the fossil record when it
dies?
A) It is fully decomposed by bacteria and fungi.
B) It is buried in fine sediments at the bottom of a lake.
C) It gets trapped in sap.
D) It falls into an acid bog.
E) It is frozen in ice.
11) A woman struggling with a bacterial illness is prescribed a month's supply of a potent antibiotic. She
takes the antibiotic for about two weeks and feels much better. Should she save the remaining two-week
supply, or should she continue taking the drug?
A) She should save the drug for later, because if she keeps taking it the bacteria will evolve resistance.
B) She should save the drug for use the next time the illness strikes.
C) She should save the drug because antibiotics are in short supply and she may need it to defend herself
against a bioterrorism incident.
D) She should continue taking the drug because otherwise the bacteria will evolve by genetic drift.
E) She should continue taking the drug until her immune system can completely eliminate the infection.
Otherwise the remaining bacteria in her system may recover, and they will probably be resistant.
12) If you had to choose, where would you rather get infected with a serious bacterial disease?
A) In a hospital, where most of the bacteria are probably already weakened by antibiotics in the
environment.
B) In a livestock barn where the animals have been treated with antibiotics.
C) In a big city where antibiotics are routinely prescribed by doctors.
D) In a remote, sparsely populated area where the bacteria have not been exposed to antibiotic drugs.
E) It doesn't make any difference a serious bacterial illness is going to have a similar impact on your
health regardless of where you pick it up.
13) The "big bang" that produced the universe is thought to have occurred
A) 50 trillion years ago.
B) 40 billion years ago.
C) 10 to 20 billion years ago.
D) 4.6 billion years ago.
E) 4 million years ago.
14) When the Earth first solidified, what were conditions like?
A) The atmosphere was similar to today's atmosphere, but there was more volcanic activity.
B) The atmosphere was rich in gases released in volcanic eruptions, but otherwise physical conditions
were similar to those seen on Earth today.
C) The atmosphere was rich in gases released in volcanic eruptions, and volcanic activity was intense, but
very little ultraviolet light reached Earth's surface because of the thick atmosphere.
D) The atmosphere was rich in gases released in volcanic eruptions; volcanic activity, lightning, and
ultraviolet radiation were all much more intense than on today's Earth.
E) It was just like Earth today, except there was no life.
15) The earliest discovered fossils are of ________ dating back to ________ years ago.
A) single-celled eukaryotes . . . 4.5 billion
B) prokaryotes . . . 3.5 billion
C) algae . . . 1 billion
D) fish . . . 600 million
E) dinosaurs . . . 180 million
16) Which highly reactive gas was probably absent from the Earth's primitive atmosphere?
A) methane
B) nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide
D) O2 (oxygen gas)
E) water vapor
17) Which of the following options lists major events in the history of life on Earth in the proper order,
from earliest to most recent?
A) first prokaryotes; photosynthesis; colonization of land by plants and fungi; first eukaryotes
B) first eukaryotes; photosynthesis; colonization of land by plants and fungi; first prokaryotes
C) first prokaryotes; first eukaryotes; photosynthesis; colonization of land by plants and fungi
D) first prokaryotes; photosynthesis; first eukaryotes; colonization of land by plants and fungi
E) photosynthesis; first prokaryotes; first eukaryotes; colonization of land by plants and fungi
18) Which of the following options correctly lists the varieties of life in the order that they appear in the
geologic record, from earliest to most recent?
A) amphibians; reptiles; land arthropods; plants and fungi on land; flowering plants
B) plants and fungi on land; flowering plants; amphibians; land arthropods; reptiles
C) land arthropods; plants and fungi on land; flowering plants; reptiles; amphibians
D) plants and fungi on land; land arthropods; amphibians; reptiles; flowering plants
E) plants and fungi on land; land arthropods; reptiles; amphibians; flowering plants
19).What is the correct order of hierarchical levels of living systems (from lower to higher)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cell, molecular, population, ecosystem, biosphere
Cell, organelle, organs, ecosystems, populations
Cell, organism, population, community, ecosystem
Community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
20) Design an experiment to test if a new cream can be used to cure skin cancer in poodles. Explain the
21) One day while Dr. Valverde was working in her taxonomic laboratory, a package arrived with the
following label:”Beware, the contents of this package contains a eukaryotic, multicellular, nonmotile,
nonphotosynthetic life form with a cell wall made of chitin. Open with extreme caution.”Dr. Valverde
quickly closed the doors and windows of her laboratory and opened the package. To which kingdom of
life could this life form belong?
a)Archaebacteria
b)Animalia
c)fungi
d)Plantae
e)Protista
22)An organism has just been located and needs to be placed into one of the domains of life. The
characteristics that have been reported are eukaryotic, can do photosynthesis and moves by cilia. Based
on your knowledge, which kingdom should this organism be placed?
a)Bacteria
b) Archaea
c)Fungi
d)Animalia
e)Protista
23) Which of the following is NOT present in animal cells?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondria
C. Plasma membrane
D. Chloroplasts
24). Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) Chloroplasts
B) Cell wall made of cellulose
C) Central vacuole
D) Mitochondria
E) Centriole
25) Plants cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other
substances. This organelle is called a
a)nucleus
b)chloroplast
c)Golgi body
d)centriole
e)central vacuole
26 )In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in
a)cellular respiration
b)phospholipid assembly
c)export of enzymes
d)lipid synthesis
e)protein synthesis
27) A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron
microscope is used to study ________.
A) live cells . . . dead cells
B) cell surfaces . . . internal cell structures
C) dead cells . . . live cells
D) internal cell structures . . . cell surfaces
E) plant tissue . . . animal tissue
28) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) a membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) a cell wall
D) membrane-enclosed organelles
E) ribosomes
29) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have
________.
A) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles
B) centrioles . . . chloroplasts . . . cell walls
C) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . cell membranes
D) chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . a nucleus
E) centrioles . . . cell walls . . . large central vacuoles
30) The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the
hair contain a lot of ________.
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . lysosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum . . . smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) microbodies . . . lysosomes
E) nuclei . . . chromatin
31) Which part of the ATP molecule breaks free of the rest when an ATP molecule is used for energy?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
E) part E
32) How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
A) They produce ATP.
B) They produce glucose.
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.
E) They store it as thermal energy.
33) The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy
conversions, some energy is
A) lost in the form of heat.
B) created in the form of heat.
C) used to create light.
D) destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made.
E) saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2 and O2.
34) Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy.
A) food
B) water
C) sunlight
D) minerals
E) carbon dioxide
35) During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose
A) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.
B) is used to manufacture glucose.
C) is released all at once.
D) is carried by electrons.
E) can be used to oxidize NADH.
36) Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order?
A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
E) oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle, and glycolysis
37) Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) chemiosmosis
D) glycolysis
E) electron transport chain
38) Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
A) aerobic respiration
B) anaerobic respiration
C) alcoholic fermentation
D) lactic acid fermentation
E) All produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose.
39) Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to
A) an excess of ATP that builds up during vigorous exercise.
B) the presence of lactate produced during fermentation in muscle cells.
C) the large amount of carbon dioxide that builds up in the muscle.
D) the accumulation of alcohol from anaerobic respiration.
E) the excess buildup of carbon monoxide due to inefficient respiration.
40) Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice
mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that sugar levels in the grape
juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that
A) the mixture needs more sugar, because yeast need a lot of energy before they can begin to produce
alcohol.
B) the mixture needs less oxygen, because yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
C) the mixture needs more oxygen, because yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get enough
energy to produce alcohol.
D) the mixture needs less sugar, because high sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration, and
alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration.
E) the yeast used the alcohol as a carbon source.
41) If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?
A) fat
B) glucose
C) sucrose
D) protein
E) starch
42) The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called
A) glycolysis.
B) photosynthesis.
C) fermentation.
D) cellular respiration.
E) photorespiration.
43) CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via
A) stomata.
B) thylakoids.
C) grana.
D) stroma.
E) central vacuoles.
44) The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
A) water.
B) glucose.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) chlorophyll.
E) mitochondria.
45) What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?
A) light
B) electromagnetism
C) cellular respiration
D) ATP
E) glucose
46) Why are most plants green?
A) Chlorophyll a reflects green light.
B) Chlorophyll a absorbs green light.
C) Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis.
D) Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage.
E) All photosynthetic pigments are colored green.
47) The ultimate source of all the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe is
A) cellular respiration.
B) chemiosmosis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) glycolysis.
E) anaerobic metabolism.
48) The greenhouse effect is
A) reduced by photosynthesis, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
B) made worse by photosynthesis, which adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
C) reduced by the burning of fossil fuels, which removes oxygen from the atmosphere.
D) reduced by the addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, since carbon dioxide removes excess
heat from the Earth's surface and reflects it back into space.
E) of little concern, since it is part of the normal cycle for the planet.
49) Given the following gene whose template strand contains
the sequence 3’-ACCAAACCGAGT-5’, draw the corresponding
mRNA sequence, and the amino acid sequence resulting from
transcription and translation respectively.
50) The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called
A) asexual reproduction.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) a life cycle.
D) regeneration.
E) spontaneous generation.
51) An organism’s ___________ is determined by its _____________.
a.genotype; phenotype
b.phenotype; genotype
c.alleles; phenotype
d.F1 generation; alleles
52) Label the following: a.Centromere,
c.Homologous chromosomes
b.Sister chromatids,
d. Karyotype
53) Color blindness is caused by a sex-linked, recessive gene (Xb). If a woman, heterozygous for the color
blind allele, marries a man with normal color vision, what percentage of their children will be color
blind? What sex will the color blind children be? Use a simple Punnett square to calculate the
percentage of color blind children.
Theoretically, ______% of the children from this cross will be color blind. All of the color blind children
will be ______________ and ________% of the males will be color blind.
54) If a mother has the blood group A and the father has the blood group B, can a child have the blood
group 0? Explain your answer.
55. What polypeptide product would you expect from a poly-G mRNA that is 30 nucleotides long?
56. The expression of a gene involves two phases,
___________ and translation.
A. replication
B. transcription
C. unwinding
D. condensation
57. Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks
known as
A. nucleotides.
B. complementary base pairs.
C. amino acids.
D. genes.
58. The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. a variable number.
59. The enzyme that initiates transcription is
A. RNA polymerase.
B. DNA polymerase.
C. carbonic anhydrase.
D. ATP synthetase.
E. transformation principle.
60. The 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is called the
A. codon.
B. anticodon.
C. amino acid.
D. transcript.
E. template.
61. The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is
A. an intron.
B. an exon.
C. a release factor.
D. an initiation factor.
E. an anticodon.
62)Complete the following diagram:
a:
d:
, b:
c:
,
f:
e:
63) Complete the following diagram about the
flow of genetic information from DNA to protein:
a:
, g:
, b:
h:
, c:
, d:
, i:
64) An exon is a sequence of RNA that—
a.codes for protein
b.is removed through the action of a spliceosome
c.is part of a noncoding DNA sequence
, e:
, f:
d.both b and c are correct
65). By looking at this pedigree, indicate if the widows peak is a dominant or recessive trait
66. By looking at the following information, indicate if albinism is a dominant or recessive trait:
67. By looking at the following information, indicate if achondroplasia is a dominant or recessive trait?
68) Which of the following statements is false?
A) A typical body cell is called a somatic cell.
B) Gametes are haploid cells.
C) Somatic cells are diploid.
D) Gametes are made by mitosis.
E) A zygote is a fertilized egg.
69) and 70)
After reading the following paragraph, answer the question(s) below.
A woman has been trying to conceive for several years, unsuccessfully. At a fertility clinic, they discover
that she has blocked fallopian tubes. Using modern technologies, some of her eggs are removed, fertilized
with her husband's sperm, and implanted into her uterus. The procedure is successful, but the couple
discovers that their new son is color-blind and has blood type O. The woman claims that the child can't
be theirs since she has blood type A and her husband has type B. Also, neither parent is color-blind,
although one grandparent (the woman's father) is also color-blind.
69) As a genetic counselor, you would explain to the parents that
A) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since the baby's blood type has to match one of his
parents.
B) each parent could have contributed one recessive allele, resulting in type O blood.
C) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since a type A parent and a type B parent can have any
type children except O.
D) it is possible for the baby to have type O blood, since type O is inherited through a dominant allele.
E) the baby is theirs, since the blood types of parents have no relation to their children's blood types.
70) In regard to the baby's color blindness, a sex-linked recessive trait, you explain that
A) color blindness often appears randomly, even if neither parent is color-blind.
B) the baby's father must have a recessive allele for color blindness.
C) since color blindness is sex-linked, a son can inherit color blindness if his mother has the recessive
color blindness allele.
D) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since males inherit sex-linked traits only from their
fathers.
E) since color blindness is recessive, both parents can pass it on, even if neither is color-blind.
71-75) Does this karyotype belong to a human male or a female? Does it belong to a person with normal
characteristics, Down syndrome, Turner
syndrome or Klinefelter’s syndrome?
71)
72)
73)
74)
75)
76.Which of the following is true regarding RNA processing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Spliceosomes are present in organelles and nuclei
Involves removal of exons
Involves removal of one or more introns.
Occurs in prokaryotes
None of the above
77.The four ribonucleotide triphosphates incorporated into mRNA are
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Inosine, Guanine, Uracil, Thymine
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Cytosine, Uracil, Adenine, Guanine
Thymine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
Inosine, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine
78. The process of producing a RNA polymer from a DNA template is called __.
A.
B.
C.
D.
replication
transcription
translation
duplication
79. The process of producing an amino acid polymer (polypeptide) from a RNA template is called __.
A.
B.
C.
D.
replication
transcription
translation
duplication