Download Skeletal and Muscular System Quiz Study Guide *you can also use

Skeletal and Muscular System Quiz Study Guide
*you can also use pages 59-63 in the Health textbook to identify the names of the bones and
muscles
Skeletal System
• Bone: a hard tissue made mostly of cells, calcium and collagen
• Collagen: a protein that forms strong fibers and protects bone
• Calcium: a mineral that adds strength to the collagen fibers
• Marrow: a place in the center of bones where blood cells are formed
• Joints: the place where two or more bones connect
• Cartilage: a strong, yet flexible and elastic tissue
• Ligaments: a tough, flexible band of tissue that holds bone together
Types of Joints
• 1. Hinge Joint: allows bones to move back and forth
• Examples: fingers, elbows and knees
• 2. Saddle Joints: Allows bones to move back and forth and side to side (limited
rotation)
• Examples: Only thumbs
• 3. Ball-and-Socket Joints: allows bones to rotate in nearly all directions
• Example: Hips and Shoulders
• 4. Pivot Joint: Allows bones to rotate
• Example: Neck
• 5. Gliding Joint: Allows bones to move side to side and front and back
• Example: Ankles and Wrists
• 6. Immovable Joint: Allows very little or no movement
• Example: Skull and Spine
Injuries
 Sprain: an injury to a ligament caused by tearing of the ligaments
o Treatment R.I.C.E
 Dislocation: a joint injury where the bones disconnects from the joint
 Fracture: Broken or cracked bones
Muscular System
 1. Muscle: a body tissue that consists of long cells called muscle fibers that contract
and make movement
 2. Tendons: tissue that connects muscles to bones
 3. Skeletal Muscle: muscle that causes your body to move by working with your
bones
 Skeletal muscle moves by nerve impulses which causes the muscle to contract
 4. Cardiac Muscle: muscle that is found only in your heart
 5. Smooth Muscle: muscle found in your internal organs
 6. Involuntary muscle: muscles you cannot control (smooth and cardiac muscle)
 7. Voluntary Muscle: muscles you can control (skeletal muscle)
 8. filaments: long fibers/threads that can be found in bundles of muscle fibers
 When you contract a muscle, the filaments move closer to each other.
 When you relax a muscle, the filaments move apart from each other.
 Muscles work in opposing pairs
Injuries
-Strain
-Cramps
-Contusion
Steroid Use:
Anabolic steroids are artificially produced hormones that are similar to
testosterone in the male body
(Although testosterone is mainly a mature male hormone, girls' bodies produce smaller
amounts.)
• Testosterone can increase muscle mass and strength but can also create potentially
dangerous side effects.
Possible side effects:
stunted growth in teens (by causing bones to mature too fast and stop growing at an
early age)
liver tumors
abnormal enlargement of the heart muscles
violent, aggressive behavior and mood swings
blood lipid abnormalities that contribute to heart disease
acne (or a worsening of acne)
increased breast growth in males, especially teens
stretch marks
baldness
muscle aches
Irregular menstrual cycles for females
Urinary problems
Weakening of tendons
Bone damage
Brain and liver cancer
•