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Curriculum Area: Science Year Level: 8 General Topic: Plants Time Allocated: 1 lesson Learning Outcomes: Students will understand: What the different parts of plants are and what they do. What leaves are for. What photosynthesis is and where it occurs. Students’ Prior Knowledge: Students will not generally have studied plants before unless briefly in primary school, but they would have a general understanding of what plants are, that they grow etc. Resources/Content: Notes on plant structure and photosynthesis (see Appendix A), Reference material for teacher (mentioned in Appendix A). Worksheet on photosynthesis (Appendix B – on wiki). Powerpoint (on wiki) Diagram of plants with labels and descriptions. Videos on photosynthesis, internet connection, computer, projector or smart board with projector. Links to videos on wiki. Computers for all of the students to access the wikispaces lesson, either individually or in pairs. Procedure/Teaching Strategies: 5 mins – Students will come in, sit, take books out, write date and topic while teacher marks roll. 5-10 mins – Teacher will explain topic and show students how to access their wiki page. 20 mins – Explanation and notes on leaves and photosynthesis. Students will work their way through their wiki. 10 mins – videos on photosynthesis to reinforce learning. 5 mins – hand out worksheet, if there is time students will start worksheet and continue as homework to be collected the following lesson. Students who require more time will be able to take the worksheet home to complete at their own pace. Assessment of student learning: An assessment will be based on homework which will be handed in the following lesson and checked by the teacher outside of class time. Self-evaluation of teaching: Self-evaluation will be done based on how smoothly the lesson runs, the interest level of the students, achievement in homework. Appendix A Reference material of teacher: Sci3 textbook unit 6.3 (Phillips, G et al, 2004, Sci3, Pearson Education Australia, Sydney) and http://www.biology4kids.com/ Teacher script: Parts in blue are spoken. Underlined parts are notes to be copied by students. Heading is Plants. Plants are made up of different parts which we will talk about shortly. There are many different kinds of plants. Angiosperms have flowers Mosses and liverworts don’t have a classic plant structure. Cacti don’t have leaves, but these are all plants. But the basic similarity in all plants is that they produce their own energy. Vascular plants are a very common type of plant. They have the following structures: Roots Stems/shoots Leaves So let’s have a go at drawing a plant. I’ll draw it on the board while you copy me. Teacher draws basic plant with roots under ground with lateral roots, stem above ground with stems coming off that have leaves on them. Label 3 basic parts. Talk to the students about the 3 parts and get them to copy down definitions next to their drawings in their books: Roots: are for soaking up water and minerals from the ground. They also anchor the plant. Example of root we eat: carrots Stems/shoots: are support structures that transport food and water. o Xylem: tubes that transport water and minerals upwards. o Phloem: tubes that transport sugars downwards. Leaves: are the part that does photosynthesis/makes energy. Teacher hands out photocopy of plant diagram below and makes students glue into their books. From http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/basic.html We are now going to talk about leaves, photosynthesis and respiration. I said before that leaves makes energy via photosynthesis. So going back to the beginning what do plants do? They grow. What do we as humans need to make us grow? Food/Energy. Now the question is how do plants grow? They need energy too. But plants can produce their energy. Plants use light to convert water and carbon dioxide into energy/plant material/growth. This process is called photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide + water + light glucose and oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + light and chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 What is glucose? It’s a type of sugar. Somewhere in the leaf this process is happening. The part of the leaf that is responsible for this is the chloroplast (the part we see as green in the leaf). Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of a cell because of a pigment called chlorophyll which traps the light. Like I mentioned earlier the xylem transports the water to the leaf. But where does the plant get the CO2 from? From the air, through a pore in the underside of a leaf called a stomata. Also the oxygen is released through this same pore/stomata. A plant gets CO2 from the air through a pore known as a stomata. Plants release oxygen through stomata. Now photosynthesis is more complex than the equation looks, because there are also enzymes involved to make the reaction occur. Basically there is one part of the reaction that requires light energy to transform into chemical energy (ATP), and that is called the light reaction, and then there is a second part where enzyme reactions cause carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to combine to form glucose, and this part is the dark reaction. Light reaction: light energy chemical energy ATP and NADPH Dark reaction: carbon dioxide and energy glucose This is also known as the Calvin Cycle. We are now going to look at a couple of videos about photosynthesis. http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=8e76ed6808d9ee828e 7e http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.photosynth/ http://www.5min.com/Video/Plants-Photosynthesis-1354330 Teacher then hands out worksheet. Appendix B Name: Photosynthesis Worksheet – Year 8 Science Key terms that may be useful: growth, root, stem, leaf, stomata, carbon dioxide, oxygen, chemical energy, light energy, chlorophyll, chloroplast, glucose, enzymes, photosynthesis, sunlight, water, energy. 1. Name the 3 major parts in the structure of a plant. 2. Why is photosynthesis essential for all living things? 3. What part of a plant does photosynthesis occur in? Root, stem or leaf? Where are the photosynthetic parts located more specifically? 4. What are the two reactants in photosynthesis? 5. What else is needed for photosynthesis to occur? 6. What are the two products of photosynthesis? 7. Green plants carry a pigment called ___________________ which helps convert ___________________ energy into ___________________ energy. Chlorophyll is located inside structures called chloroplasts that are inside the cells of leaves and stems. 8. Complete the chemical and word equations for photosynthesis: + Sun….. + 6H2O + 6CO2 c………. ____________ + 6O2 _____ water ____________ glucose __________ ____________ ____ 9. Match the word to the action in the following table. Put the corresponding letter for the action beside the word it matches. Word Action water A produced in chloroplasts carbon B taken up by roots sunlight C released to atmosphere glucose D absorbed by chloroplasts in dioxide leaves oxygen E taken in by leaves 10. Use this word list to help complete the next sections. canopy, deep water, grow, lower canopy, photosynthesise, shallow, shallow water, sunlight, sunlight The tallest plants in the upper ___________________ of a forest can do more / less photosynthesis because they get more ___________________ than plants at the bottom or ___________________ ___________________ of the rainforest. 11. Choose the best answer. Plants need to have the following things in order to photosynthesise: a) glucose, oxygen and moonlight b) sunlight, carbon dioxide and water c) CO2, H2O and solar energy d) both B and C