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Organelles
 Outside of the cell membrane in plant cells and
prokaryotic cells
 Made up of cellulose in plants
 Provides protection and support
 Site of all chemical reactions
 Clear fluid
 Holds organelles in place
 Prokaryotic cells have a region of DNA (plasmid).
There is no membrane surrounding this area.
 Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus- a membrane bound
structure enclosing the DNA.
 Centrally located
 Contains DNA
 the instructions for making
proteins
 Control center of the cell
 Directs all cellular activities
 Protected nuclear
membrane or envelope.
 DNA bound to protein
 Condenses into chromosomes when a cell divides
 Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)
 Makes energy in the form of ATP
 Also contain their own proteins and DNA
 inherit mitochondrial DNA from mother
 Found in plant cells
 Site of
photosynthesis
 Have their own
DNA
 Storage area for food, water, or waste
 Plants = large vacuole, animal= small vacuoles
 Contractile vacuole in aquatic unicellular organisms
pump water
 Cilia
 short hair-like
structures used for
locomotion and
disease prevention
 Flagella
 long whip-like
structures used for
locomotion
 Centrioles
 Cell wall
 Lysosomes
 Chloroplasts and other
 Round
plastids
 large central vacuole
 Square
 Larger cell
 Smaller cell
 Smaller vacuoles
 Prokaryotic Cells
 No membrane bound
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organelles
DNA and RNA not
enclosed in nucleus
Circular DNA strands
Small Cells
LESS complex
 Eukaryotic Cells
 Membrane bound
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
organelles
DNA and RNA in
nucleus
Double Helix DNA
structure
Larger Cells
MORE complex
 Every cell in an organism will have the same DNA.
 Only certain genes in the DNA will be activated in a
particular cell
 This will determine the structure and function of the
cell
• Found in animal cells
• Contain digestive enzymes
• Used to get rid of old or damaged organelles, digest
food particles, break down captured bacteria or viruses
 Found only in animal cells
 2 small rod-shaped structures made up of
microtubules (hollow protein filaments)
 Located near the nucleus
 Plays a role during cell
reproduction
 Site for chemical reactions
 The folding of the membranes increases surface area
available
 Two types…
 Many ribosomes attached
 Modification and
packaging of newly
synthesized proteins
 no ribosomes
 lipids are made and stored
here
 where toxins and some
drugs are neutralized
 Stacks of flattened
membranous sacs
 Sort and package
proteins for
transport into small
sacs called vesiclesUPS of the cell
 Composed for microfilaments and microtubules made
up of protein
 strength & support
 Where ribosomes are made
 Some cells have more than one