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Chapter 23 and 24 Vocabulary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 35 33 36 37 38 39 40 34 Across Down 3. / Any of various arthropods of the class Arachnida, such as spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks, characterized by four pairs of segmented legs and a body that is divided into two regions, the cephalothorax and the abdomen. 7. / the translucent, non-living, jelly-like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers (i.e., between the ectoderm and endoderm) in the bodies of cnidarians and sponges. 10. symmetry / a characteristic of animals that are capable of moving freely through their environments. 11. / Any of various widespread arthropods of the class Crustacea that live mostly in water and have a hard shell, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Crustaceans include crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and copepods. 14. / the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. 17. / Any small bony or chitinous structure found in various skeletal parts of animals. The term ossicle usually refers to any of the chain of bones in the mammalian ear 18. lung / a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange that is found in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders. 19. / a subtaxon of the Bilateria branch of the subkingdom Eumetazoa, within Animalia, and are distinguished from protostomes by their deuterostomic embryonic development; in 1. / actual living organisms or the toxins produced by them. Examples include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. 2. / the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments. 4. digestive tract / Passageway of food that begins at the mouth down to the throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and finally to the anus 5. / Any of various arthropods of the subphylum Chelicerata, having mouthparts with chelicerae, a body composed of two main parts, and no antennae, and including the arachnids and the horseshoe crabs 6. / a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely lined by tissue created from the mesoderm, the middle layer of the primary cells found in an embryo. It is typically found in multicellular organisms, which are living things that have more than one cell. 8. / Any of a major group of animals defined by its embryonic development, in which the first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth. 9. / A second body cavity (the first being the gut) which occupies a space between the mesoderm of the body wall and the endoderm of the gut. 12. / an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. 13. / an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod, mollusk, annelid, coelenterate, etc. The invertebrates constitute an artificial deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in protostomes, it becomes the mouth. 24. / an external tracheal aperture of a terrestrial arthropod that in an insect is usually one of a series of small apertures located along each side of the thorax and abdomen 25. cavity / a structure found in primitive animal phyla. It is responsible for both the digestion of food and the transport of nutrients throughout the body. 28. / an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages (paired appendages). Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. 29. / The lower jaw of a vertebrate animal. 2. Either the upper or lower part of the beak in birds. 3. Any of various mouth organs of invertebrates used for seizing and biting food, especially either of a pair of such organs in insects and other arthropods. 30. / a water-impervious protective layer covering the epidermal cells of leaves and other parts and limiting water loss 32. / refers to the division of some animal and plant body plans into a series of repetitive segments. 34. / The posterior segment of invertebrates, after the thoracic segment 35. / A part or organ, such as an arm, leg, tail, or fin, that is joined to the axis or trunk of a body 37. / a large family of similar genes that direct the formation of many body structures during early embryonic development 38. symmetry / a basic body plan in which the organism can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle along a central axis, characteristic of sessile and bottomdwelling animals, as the sea anemone and starfish division of the animal kingdom, comprising 95 percent of animal species and about 30 different phyla. 15. / The polyp body form is sessile, elongated, and hollow. Their lower end is attached to a substratum 16. / fixed in one place; immobile. 20. vascular system / a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. 21. / a dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises 22. feeder / an animal (such as a clam or baleen whale) that obtains its food by filtering organic matter or minute organisms from a current of water that passes through some part of its system. 23. / colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all airbreathing animals with lungs. 26. / the head and chest on crustaceans and arachnids. 27. / genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants. 30. / A tough, semi transparent substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as the shells of crustaceans and the outer coverings of insects. 31. / Traditionally in medicine, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. 33. / A capsule within specialized cells in the tentacles of cnidarians, such as jellyfish and 40. / a form of cnidarian in which the body is shaped like an umbrella corals, containing a barbed, threadlike tube that delivers a toxic sting to predators and prey. 36. / a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class 37. / The body cavity found in many invertebrates where the hemolymph circulates through 39. / an anatomical structure that is used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus.