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Light and Optical Systems
Science 8 – Unit 3
Topic 1 – What is Light?
Page 176
1.
In the simplest terms, what is light?
___________________________________________________________
2.
List three natural light sources.
___________________________________________________________
3.
What is radiant energy?
___________________________________________________________
4.
What is radiation?
___________________________________________________________
5.
List two artificial light sources.
___________________________________________________________
6.
What is the first basic principle of light?
___________________________________________________________
7.
List three examples of how light energy can be transformed into a different
type of energy.
i) _________________________________________________________
ii) _________________________________________________________
iii) _________________________________________________________
Page 179
8.
What is an incandescent source of light?
___________________________________________________________
9.
What is incandescence?
___________________________________________________________
10.
What are three examples of incandescent light sources?
___________________________________________________________
11.
What energy conversions occur in a basic light bulb?
___________________________________________________________
**NOTE – about 95% of the energy released by an incandescent light bulb
is released as heat, meaning that only 5% of the energy is released as light.
This makes the basic household light bulb very inefficient.
12.
Explain how a fluorescent light bulb works.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
13.
What are the disadvantages of a fluorescent light bulb when compared to
an incandescent light bulb?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
14.
What is the main advantage of a fluorescent light bulb over an
incandescent light bulb?
___________________________________________________________
Page 182
15.
What is phosphorescence (or phosphorescent light)?
__________________________________________________________
16.
What is the difference between a phosphorescent and fluorescent light
source?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
17.
Why would phosphorescent materials be used in a photographic
darkroom?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
18.
What is chemiluminescence?
___________________________________________________________
19.
What is one example of a chemiluminescent light source?
___________________________________________________________
20.
What is bioluminescence?
___________________________________________________________
21.
What does luminous mean?
___________________________________________________________
22.
What are two examples of bioluminescent organisms, and why are they
luminous?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Page 184 – The Ray Model of Light
23.
What is a “ray”?
___________________________________________________________
24.
What does “transparent” mean?
___________________________________________________________
25.
What are three examples of transparent objects?
___________________________________________________________
26.
What happens when light passes through a transparent object?
___________________________________________________________
27.
What does “translucent” mean?
___________________________________________________________
28.
What are three examples of “translucent” objects?
___________________________________________________________
29.
What do translucent objects do to light rays?
___________________________________________________________
30.
What do “opaque” objects do to light rays?
___________________________________________________________
 Websites
There Goes the Sun
http://www.thursdaysclassroom.com/05aug99/tgts58.htm
Light Questions Answered
http://www.sciencenet.org.uk/database/Physics/Lists/light.html
Light Pollution
http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/scienceques2001/20011005.html
 Science Journal
Read “Off the Wall” on Page 176. Explain how the sun produces heat and light.
Remember to date and title your entry.
Topic 2 – Reflection
Page 188
1.
What is the scientific definition for “reflection”?
________________________________________________________________
2.
The ray of light that comes from a light source and hits a surface is called
the __________________ ray.
3.
The ray of light that bounces off the surface is the ___________________
ray.
Page 194
4.
State the Law of Reflection.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5.
What are mirrors that “bulge-out” called?
________________________________
6.
What are mirrors that “bulge-in” called?
________________________________
7.
What kinds of images do convex mirrors create?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8.
What are some common uses for convex mirrors?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Page 197
9.
Explain the difference in light reflection when light strikes a mirror versus a
piece of paper.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
10.
Explain how a bicycle reflector works.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
11.
Make a simple, accurate drawing in which you show and label: an incident
ray, a reflected ray, the normal, the angle of incidence, and the angle of
reflection.
 Websites
How Does a One-Way Mirror Work?
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question421.htm
How Do Mirrors Reflect Our Image?
http://www.triviaplanet.com/did%20u%20wonder/scienceandtechnology/mirrors_
work.html
Relection
http://www.triviaplanet.com/did%20u%20wonder/scienceandtechnology/mirrors_
work.html
Concave and Convex Mirrors
http://www.learner.org/teacherslab/science/light/lawslight/funhouse/funhousebac
kground.html
http://www.learner.org/teacherslab/science/light/lawslight/funhouse/index.html
Concave Mirrors
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L3a.html
Convex Mirrors
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L4a.html
 Science Journal
Look at page 199 in your text. Explain how you can improve your pool game by
using the Law of Reflection. Remember to date and title your work.
Topic 3 – Refraction
Page 200
1.
What is refraction?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.
Why does light bend?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3.
How fast does light travel in:
a) Air:____________________________
b) Glass:_________________________
c) Diamond:_______________________
4.
What happens when light travels from air (less dense) into water (more
dense)?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5.
What happens when light travels from a more dense medium into a less
dense one?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6.
What happens to light as it travels through different densities of air?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
7.
Is warm air more or less dense than cold air? Can you explain this using
the Particle Model from Unit 1?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8.
What is the difference between reflection and refraction?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
11.
Copy Table 3.1 on Page 205 of your text.
 Websites
Refraction
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/light/rayOptics/refraction/refraction1.html
Refraction of Light Through Different Materials (Awesome Site)
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/refraction/index.html
 Science Journal
Look at Figure 3.28 on Page 205 of your text. Explain why refracted light is
responsible for creating mirages on the highway. Remember to date and title
your entry.
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Topic 4 – Lenses and Vision
BLINK
EMINEM
JIMMYEATWORLD
NELLY
PAPAROACH
SYSTEMOFADOWN
Page 208
1.
Define “lens”.
___________________________________________________________
2,
If we shine light through a concave lens, what will happen?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3.
If we shine light through a convex lens, what will happen?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4.
An image forms where light rays from an object ___________________.
Convex Lens
Rays of Light
5.
A convex lens directs light from the right portion of the object to what side
of the image?
_____________________
6.
A convex lens directs light from the bottom portion of the object to what
side of the image?
____________________
Page 210
7.
What kind of lens would you find in the human eye?
__________________________
8.
What portion of the eye does the lens focus light onto?
_________________________
9.
When light is focused before it gets to the retina, people are said to be:
________________________
10.
What kind of lens, be it in a contact lens or eyeglasses, can fix this
problem so that the image is correctly focused on the retina?
___________________________________________________________
11.
If someone is said to be “near-sighted”, what types of images do they
have problems seeing?
___________________________________________________________
12.
If someone is said to be “far-sighted”, what types of images do they have
problems seeing?
___________________________________________________________
13.
If someone is far-sighted, where do images focus within their eye?
__________________________________________________________________
Page 215
14.
If an image moves closer to you, how does your eye, specifically your
lens, react to this?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
15.
This process of changing the shape of the lens to adjust for different
object distances I called:
____________________________
16.
What happens to the lens of your eyes as you get older?
___________________________________________________________
17.
What is the difference between the “near point” and “far point” of the eye?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 Websites
Convergence (Applet)
http://library.thinkquest.org/C003776/ingles/fun/applet2.htm
Divergence (Applet)
http://library.thinkquest.org/C003776/ingles/fun/applet5.htm
Convex Lens Diagram
http://www.play-hookey.com/optics/lens_convex.html
Convex and Concave Lenses
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/refrn/U14L5a.html
 Science Journal
Look at Figure 3.28 on Page 205 of your text. Explain why refracted light is
responsible for creating mirages on the highway. Remember to date and title
your entry.
Topic 5 – Extending Human Vision
Page 221
1.
Explain how a refracting telescope works.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2.
Explain how a reflecting telescope works.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3.
Using the diagram on page 222, illustrate how a reflecting telescope
works.
4.
Binoculars are like short telescopes. Rather than traveling down the long
tube of a telescope, how does light travel in binoculars?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5.
What is the function of a telescope’s eyepiece lens?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6.
What is the function of a telescope’s objective lens or mirror?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
7.
How have optical systems such as the microscope and telescope
contributed to scientific knowledge?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Guess what? You’re done this topic!
 Websites
Telescope History
http://www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=telescope.htm&url=http://hub
ble.stsci.edu/sci.d.tech/facts_.and._figures/telescope_history/index.shtml
How Telescopes Work
http://www.howstuffworks.com/telescope.htm
How Light Microscopes Work
http://www.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope.htm
How Does that Work – The Microscope
http://www.yesmag.bc.ca/how_work/microscope.html
 Science Journal
Read “Cool Tools” on page 223. Where else do you think “HUDs” could be
useful or are being used today? Remember to date and title your entry.
Topic 6 – The Source of Colors
Page 228
1.
What did Sir Isaac Newton propose about “white light such as sunlight’?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.
What is a spectrum?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3.
When lights strikes an object, what three results might occur?
i) _________________________________________________________
ii) _________________________________________________________
iii) _________________________________________________________
4.
Using the diagram on page 230, explain why a blue bottle appears blue.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Be sure to read “Seeing Red” on page 231!
You can listen to a sample of the song “Seein’ Red”, by Unwritten Law at
www.unwrittenlaw.com
Page 233
5.
What are the three additive primary colors and why are they called
additive primary colors?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6.
What are the three secondary colors and why are they called this?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
7.
What are the two types of light-detecting nerve cells in the retinas of your
eyes and what does each do?
i) _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ii)_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8.
What is color blindness?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Check out the test for color blindness on page 235!
 Websites
Why Roses are Red and Violets are Blue
http://lsvl.la.asu.edu/askabiologist/research/seecolor/
Color Test
http://lsvl.la.asu.edu/askabiologist/research/seecolor/colortest.html
Common Animals and The Colors They See
http://lsvl.la.asu.edu/askabiologist/research/seecolor/atable.html
 Science Journal
Page 230 discusses a “memory aid” for remembering the seven colors of the
rainbow. Create your own memory aid (and try to be as fun and unique as
possible!) Remember to date and title your entry.
BREAK TIME
Light and Optical
Censored
Science 8
Unit 3
Name:___________________
CLASS:________