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Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes
& Autonomic Nervous System
Text: Human Biology, by Mader. pp. 228-229; 236-239
1.
Spinal Cord
2.
Anatomical Considerations
3.
4.
A.
Medulla Oblongata
B.
Spinal Meninges
Cerebrospinal Fluid
A.
Production
B.
Flow
C.
Retrieval
D.
Functons
i.
Protection
ii.
Nutrient and Waste Transport
Anatomical Characteristics of a Spinal Cord Cross Section
Page 1
Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
Central
Canal
Dorsal Root
Ganglia
Dorsal Root
(Sensory Impulses)
Grey
Matte r
Ventral Root
(Motor Impulses)
A.
6.
Central Canal
B.
White Matter
C.
Spinal Nerve
D.
Dorsal Roots
i.
5.
Whi te
Matte r
Gray Matter
•
E.
Spinal Nerve
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Roots
Major Functions of Spinal Cord
A.
Impulse Transmission
B.
Reflex Center
C.
Reflex Integration
Reflex Arc
•
Conduction Path
Page 2
Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
Af f erent (Sensory)
Neuron
Recept or
Interneuron
Basic Reflex Arch
Ef f ector
(Muscle or Gland)
Ef f erent (Motor)
Neuron
7.
8.
A.
Receptor
B.
Sensory Neuron
C.
Center
D.
Motor Neuron
E.
Effector
Reflex Classifications
A.
Spinal Reflexes
B.
Somatic Reflexes
C.
Cranial Reflexes
D.
Visceral Reflexes
Specific (Somatic Nervous System) Reflexes
A.
Stretch Reflex
Page 3
Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
+
Inhibitory
Association
Neuron
-
C.
+
Stretch
Reflex
Tendon Reflex
St imulatory
Association
Neuron
+
+
Inhibit ory
Association
Neuron
+
-
9.
Spinal Nerves and Dermatomes
10.
Autonomic Nervous System
Tendon
Reflex
Page 4
Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
A.
B.
Subdivisions
i.
Sympathetic Nervous System
ii.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Cytoplogical/Histological Considerations
i.
Preganglionic neurons - is the first from
ii.
Postganglionic Neurons
C.
Sympathetic System
D.
Parasympathetic System
E.
Flow Chart of Autonomic Nervous System
Page 5
Human Biology – Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic centers in
cerebral cortex
(e.g., frontal lobe and libic system)
Autonomic centers in
Hypothalamus
Parasympathetic centers in
brain stem and spinal cord
sacral segments
Sympathetic centers in
spinal cord thoracolumbar
segments
Parasympathetic preganglionic
neurons
Sympathetic preganglionic
neurons
Parasympathetic postganglionic
neurons
Sympathetic postganglionic
neurons
Visceral effectors
Page 6