Download Sociology Semester Study Guide The Test will come from the

Sociology
Semester Study Guide
The Test will come from the following areas:
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Unit 1—Chp. 1
1.
Terms: sociology, social sciences, social interaction, sociological perspective, anthropology, psychology,
economics, political science, history, social Darwinism, function, verstehen, ideal type, dysfunctional,
manifest function, latent function, symbol, symbolic interaction
2.
Names: Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber
3.
The Sociological Perspective
4.
Sociology and the other Social Sciences
5.
The Founders of Sociology
6.
Current Perspectives: Functionalist, Conflict, and Interactionist
Unit 2—Chp. 2
1.
Terms: material culture, nonmaterial culture. culture, society, technology, language, values, norms,
folkways, mores, laws, culture trait, culture complex, culture pattern, subculture, counterculture, cultural
universals, ethnocentrism, cultural relativism
2.
Components of Culture
3.
Studying Culture
4.
Cultural Variation
Unit 3—Chp. 3-4
1.
Terms: diffusion, self-fulfillment, sanctions, internalization, social movement, technology, vested interests,
narcissism, ideology, sanctions, ethnocentrism, cultural lag, exchange, reciprocity, competition, conflict,
cooperation, accommodation, subsistence strategy, group, aggregate, social category, formal organization,
bureaucracy, voluntary association, iron law of oligarchy, the Peter principle
2.
American Value System
3.
Social Control
4.
Social Change
5.
Social Structure (Status/Roles)
6.
Types of Social Interaction
7.
Types of Societies
8.
Groups & Formal Organizations
Unit 4—Chp. 5-7
1.
Terms: socialization, agents of socialization, media, peers, social institutions, isolation in childhood, Locke,
Cooley, Mead, "Tabula Rasa", "Looking-Glass Self", "Role-Taking", adolescence, puberty, anticipatory
Sociology
Semester Study Guide
socialization, dating, substance abuse, abstinence, suicide, triggering events, cluster effect, early adult
transition, settling down, mid-life, world of work, retirement
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2.
Socialization and Personality
3.
Adolescents and Society
4.
Adults and Society
5.
Phases of Adult Socialization
Unit 5—Chp. 8
1.
Terms and Names: Deviance, deviant, police discretion, social control, crime, racial profiling, recidivism,
plea bargaining, stigma, anomie, primary deviance, secondary deviance, cultural transmission theory,
control theory, labeling theory, functions of deviance
2.
What is the nature of deviance?
3.
What are the social functions of deviance?
4.
What are the principle types of crime in the US?
5.
What are the characteristics of the American Justice System?
Unit 6—Chp. 9
1.
Terms & Names: social stratification, social inequality, caste system, class system, social class, wealth,
power, prestige, socioeconomic status, social mobility, horizontal mobility, vertical mobility, poverty,
poverty level
2.
What are the characteristics of caste systems and class systems?
3.
What are the major theories of social stratification and how do they differ?
4.
What are the characteristics of the American class system?
5.
How do different motivations and cultural values influence the American class system?
6.
What groups in America are affected by poverty?
7.
How has the American government attempted to lessen the effects of poverty in America?
Unit 7—Chp. 10-11
1.
Chp. 10 Terms: race, ethnicity, ethnic group, minority group, discrimination, prejudice, legal discrimination,
institutionalized discrimination, stereotype, self-fulfilling prophecy, racism, scape-goating, cultural
pluralism, assimilation, segregation, de jure segregation, de facto segregation, subjugation, slavery,
genocide, ethnic cleansing, white ethnics
2.
Chp. 11 Terms: gender, gender roles, gender identity, patriarchy, sexism, women’s movement, suffrage,
wage gap, glass ceiling, second shift, ageism, graying of America, baby-boom, dependency ratio, Medicare,
Medicaid, managed care, alternative medicine, AIDS
Sociology
Semester Study Guide
3.
How do sociologists define the terms race, ethnicity and minority group?
4.
What characteristics distinguish minority groups from one another?
5.
How do discrimination and prejudice differ?
6.
What are the most common patterns of minority group treatment?
7.
What are the conditions under which minority groups in the US live?
8.
How have government policies affected the lives of minority groups in the US?
9.
How do gender roles affect the opportunities available to men and women in society?
10. How are gender roles affected by socialization?
11. What effect is the aging of the population having on society?
12. How is the aging of the population affecting the life chances of older Americans?
13. What is the state of health care in the US?
14. What are some of the special health care concerns of various segments of US society?
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Unit 8—Chp. 13-14
1.
Terms:
Economic institution
Tertiary sector
Law of demand
Protectionism
Power
Authority
Coercion
Democratic socialism
Factors of production
Capitalism
Laissez-faire capitalism
Free trade
State
Traditional authority
Democracy
Authoritarianism
Junta
Political party
Education
Charter schools
Schooling
School choice
Primary sector
Socialism
Free-enterprise system
Multinational
Political institution
Rational-legal authority
Monarchy
Absolute monarchy
Proportional
representation
Bilingual education
Homeschooling
Secondary sector
Law of supply
Communism
E-commerce
Legitimacy
Charismatic authority
Constitutional monarchy
Dictatorship
Interest group
Tracking
Zero tolerance
2.
Economy:
a. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the capitalist and the social economic systems.
b. Discuss developments that have transformed the American economic system.
3.
Politics:
a. Explain how the exercise of power varies by type of government
b. Describe the major characteristics of the U.S. political system.
4.
Education:
a. Explain how the views of functionalist, conflict, and interactionist sociologists differ concerning
education.
b. Identify some of the current issues in American education.
5.
Religion:
a. Identify the basic societal needs that religion serves.
b. Describe the distinctive features of religion in American society.