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9TH Grade World History Midterm Study Guide Terms: ANCIENT GREECE Agora Arete Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Minoan civilization Mycenaean civ. Trojan War Homer The Olympics Dorians Dark Ages Polis Citizen Acropolis Phalanx Hoplite Aristocracy Tyrant Helot Democracy Sparta Athens Solon Cleisthenes Darius Herodotus Marathon Thermopylae Xerxes Plataea Delian League Tragedy Comedy Philosopher Socratic method Pericles The Parthenon Sophocles Peloponnesian War Thucydides Socrates Plato The Academy The Republic Aristotle Hellenism Macedon Philip II Demosthenes Darius III Alexandria Alexander the Great Euclid Archimedes ANCIENT EGYPT Cataract Pyramid Maat Hieroglyphics Howard Carter Tutankhamon Nile River Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Menes Pharaoh Ka Hyksos Ahhotep Hatshepsut Thutmose III Ramses II The People of the Sea Osiris Rosetta Stone Akhenaton Amon Priests ANCIENT ROME Republic Gravitas Pater familias Plebeian Patrician Rome Romulus Palatine Hill Tiber River Apennines Latins Etruscans Forum Consul Senate Assembly Twelve Tables Cincinnatus Gauls Carthage Punic Wars Hannibal Battle of Zama Scipio Africanus Proletariat Gladiator Tribune Triumvirate (first and second) Spartacus The Gracchi Julius Caesar Brutus Octavian Mark Anthony Cicero Aqueduct Civil service Colosseum Pax Romana Augustus Julian Emperors Epicureanism Stoicism Satire Livy Virgil Aeneid Juvenal Tacitus Pantheon Disciple Messiah Martyr Bishop Pope Jerusalem Herod Jesus Gospels Pontius Pilate Paul Zealots Petrine Doctrine Inflation Commodus Diocletian Constantine Constantinople Edict of Milan Huns Alaric Attila Leo I Romulus Augustulus Odoacer BYZANTINE EMPIRE Icon Iconoclast Excommunicate Heretic Patriarch Justinian Theodora Code of Justinian Belisarius Hagia Sophia Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Hagia Sophia RUSSIA Steppe taiga Slavs Cyril Rurik and The Rus Kiev Vladimir Ural Mountains Boyars Yaroslav the Wise Pravda Russkia Polovtsy Ivan III/The Great Czar Ivan the Terrible ISLAM Hegira Mosque Jihad Caliph Astrolabe Arabia Mecca Kaaba Muhammad Allah Khadya Medina Muslims Islam Koran Ramadan Sultan ANCIENT CHINA Huang River Chang River Xi River Loess Shang Dynasty The Xia Animism Oracle bones Dialects Calligraphy Zhou Dynasty Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty Great Wall of China Liu Bang Liu Ch’e Silk Road Emperor Shi Huang Ti Cheng Taoism Laozi Legalism Buddhism Confucianism Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Sung Dynasty The Mongols Genghis Khan Kublai Kahn Golden Horde