Download NAME__________________________ CELL GROWTH

NAME__________________________
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION VOCAB
CHAPTER 10 & 11-4
MITOSIS – part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
MEIOSIS – process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the
separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
CYTOKINESIS – division of the cytoplasm during cell division
CHROMATID – one of two identical”sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
CENTROMERE – area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
CELL CYCLE – series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
INTERPHASE – period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
PROPHASE – first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible
and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus.
METAPHASE – second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center
of the cell
ANAPHASE – the third stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes pairs separate and move
towards opposite poles
TELOPHASE – fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse
into a tangle of dense material
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES – term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a
corresponding chromosomes from the opposite-sex parent
CENTROSOMES – a small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the
centrioles and serves to organize microtubules
CENTRIOLES – one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the
nuclear envelope
SPINDLE – fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
HAPLOID – term used to refer to a cell that contains onl a single set of chromosomes and
therefore only a single set of genes
DIPLOID – term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
CROSSING OVER- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their
chromatids during meiosis
GAMETES- specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION – process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION – process by which two cells from different parents unite to provide
the first cell of a new organism