Download Earthquake study guide

Science study guide
Chapter 11 Earthquakes
Section 1
1. Define elastic limit
___________________________________________________________________________
2. When rocks break, they move along lines or cracks in the earth called __________________.
3. An ____________________________ is the vibrations produced by breaking rock.
4.
Type of force
What it does
5. Name the fault and describe what is happening.
Fault it creates
Section 2
1. The point beneath the surface where the rocks break and move is called the
_______________________________.
2. The point directly above the focus on Earth’s surface where waves reach first is called the
_________________________________.
3. The ____________________________ is underground.
4. The most violent shaking occurs at the _________________________.
5. __________________________ are a type of low frequency sound wave that moves through
Earth’s surface and interior layers.
6. The instrument that measures seismic waves is called a ______________________. People,
known as ________________________, study earthquakes. The record of waves is called a
_________________________.
7. To find the epicenter, scientists need readings from _____ or more stations. The point where
the circles intersect is called the _______________________.
8. The speeds and paths of seismic waves change as they travel through materials with different
densities. Density ____________________ with depth as pressures
______________________.
9. How is the shadow zone created?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The _________________________ calculates the strength (magnitude) of an earthquake and
the _______________________________ measures the intensity (amount of destruction) of
an earthquake.
11. Types of Seismic Waves
P-waves
S-waves
Surface waves
Part 1
P-wave travel time
Distance from the
epicenter
2,000 m
11 min
2,800 m
8 min
S-wave travel time
Distance from the
epicenter
12 min
800 m
12 min 30 sec
200 m
Part 2 The difference between the P-wave and S-wave arrival time is given below. Find the
distance to the epicenter.
Difference in arrival times
3 min
5 min
7 min
9 min
Distance to epicenter
Part 3 The distance to the epicenter is given below. Find the difference in arrival time of the Pwave and S-wave.
Distance to epicenter
1,100 m
1,600 m
2,000 m
2,800 m
Difference in arrival times
Section 3
1. Why do scientists study earthquakes?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. About how many people are killed a year from earthquakes? ____________________
3. Define liquefaction
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Ocean waves caused by earthquakes are called _____________________________.
5. How can you tell a tsunami might strike?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What can people do to reduce the damage from earthquakes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________