Download Module 1 Ethics and deontology in pharmacy 1. Professional

Module 1 Ethics and deontology in pharmacy
1. Professional activities related to pharmaceutical workers health and on
matters of ethics that ethics depends on:
A.
Health people
B.
The mood of the people
C.
The moral - psychological climate in the society
D.
All answers are correct
E.
*All the answers wrong
2. Indicate when the process began forming ethics:
A.
*I century (before Christ) BC
B.
II century BC
C.
III century BC
D.
IV century BC
E.
V century BC
3. Who coined the term "ethics" in Dictionary of Scientific
A.
Gaber
B.
*Aristotle
C.
Forest
D.
Hegel
E.
There is no right answer
4. The term "morality" comes from the Latin word «mores», and what it means:
A. *Valor, the nature
B. Humility, cool
C. Composure, emotional
D. Rigor, intelligence
E. There is no right answer
5. The set of rules, norms of behavior that govern and direct the actions of
people is called:
A.
Ethics
B.
Deontology
C.
*Morality
D.
Aesthetics
E.
There is no right answer
6. Which of the above terms does not apply to the function of morality:
A.
Cognitive
B.
Educational
C.
Worldview
D.
Evaluation
E.
*Friendly
7. The study pharmacist engaged in behaviors:
A. Deontology
B. Pharmaceutical Ethics
C. Ethics
D. *Pharmaceutical deontology
E. Aesthetics
8. The origins of the formation of pharmaceutical ethics and ethics related to:
A.
Pharmaceutical activities
B.
Ethics
C.
Pharmaceutical deontology
D.
*Medical ethics and deontology
E.
Medical practice
9. Books of ancient India, Ayurveda is translated as:
A.
*Life Science
B.
About art
C.
Ethics East
D.
On the nature of life
E.
About the doctor
10. The author of the book of Eastern medicine "Nature of Life" are:
A.
Avitsena
B.
*Juan de Ney-Jin
C.
Abu Ali Iben-Mower
D.
Hippokrat
E.
Galen
11. The first attempt to codify the rules of medical ethics was made:
A.
Aesculapius
B.
Galen
C.
*Hippocrates
D.
Ponaksiyeyu
E.
Avitsena
12. Hippocratic treatise was written by:
A.
2 thousand years ago
B.
1.5 thousand years ago
C.
*2.5 thousand years ago
D.
3 thousand years ago
E.
Thousand years ago
13. WHO adopted the "Geneva oath" in:
A.
1930
B.
1936
C.
1949
D.
1968
E.
*1948
14. Style of pharmacists is to work:
A.
For the money
B.
*Conscientiously
C.
By reputation
D.
Increasing profits
E.
Expanding the range of drugs
15. What helps create a healthy microclimate in pharmacy schools:
A.
*Coherence of the team
B.
Reputation of individuals
C.
Gifts from individual representatives
D.
Celebrating significant events
E.
No right answer
16. What should the head of pharmaceutical care institution according to the
team:
A.
The high salaries for individuals
B.
On the ethical relationship between workers and doctors
C.
*On the stability of staff
D.
About the wealthy clients of the correct answer has
E.
All answers are correct
17. On the safe climate in the team can be judged:
A.
Based on survey
B.
*By staff turnover
C.
Based on expert opinions
D.
In wage
E.
For reviews of patients
18. The famous Russian doctor Pirogov N.I. noted that:
A.
*It is important to be able to see errors, but more importantly, be able to
recognize
B.
The honor and dignity of the doctor is primarily
C.
His duty doctor should perform with a clear conscience to the end
D.
The primary task is to make the doctor patient trust in their strength and
accelerate the recovery of the patient
E.
No answer
19. One of the important prerequisites for high performance work culture and
medical services to the population is:
A. The average age of employees
B. *Labour discipline in the team
C. Appearance of employees
D. Availability of appropriate material and technical base
E. Location of Pharmacy institutions
20. Medical Representative, given the intense nature of the pharmacist about the
time and purpose of his visit, said:
A.
*On the phone
B.
Email
C.
By fax
D.
SMS
E.
No right answer
21. Medical Representative, trying to form a positive attitude to the company
and its products, makes the following:
A.
Promotes the benefits of drugs firms competing
B.
Provides financial incentives for gifts to clients
C.
Organized by the press - conference
D.
Sells products with 50% discount
E.
*Conducts seminars and trainings for professionals
22. Pharmaceutical companies must comply with general ethical rules,
consolidation in the state statutes. Shall not apply moral performance parameters such
as sverah:
A.
Protecting the interests of consumers
B.
Protection of habitat
C.
*Protection of intellectual abilities
D.
Participation in social funds
E.
Saving natural resources
23. What responsibility does not take a pharmacist in accordance with the drug:
A.
Advertising drugs
B.
Storage and dispensing drugs
C.
Quality and safety of pharmaceutical products
D.
Control of all processes
E.
*All answers are correct
24. In what year were accepted ethics of drug promotion on the market:
A.
*1988
B.
1990
C.
2000
D.
2005
E.
2010
25. Ethical criteria for drug promotion applies to:
A.
Prescription drugs
B.
No prescription drugs
C.
Analgesics
D.
Antipyretic
E.
*All answers are correct
26. The author of the greatest works on medicine and drugs "Canons of
Medicine" is:
A.
Galen
B.
Hippocrates
C.
*Avicenna
D.
Aesculapius
E.
Ben There
27. Medical emblem, which was circulated in 7-8 centuries and depicted in the
form of candles, mean:
A. *Serving others burns himself
B. Heart doctor burns like a candle
C. Burning the candle itself to other
D. Duty and honor, above all
E. Heat Candle is a heart doctor
28. The first Drugstore Charter was signed in
A.
1238
B.
1876
C.
*1789
D.
1653
E.
1905
29. In 1996, the Council Pharmaceutical Federation was adopted:
A. Act on the activities of pharmacy
B. Statute of pharmacists
C. *Code of Ethics for Pharmacists
D. Law on Pharmaceutical Activities
E. Code Provisors and pharmacists
30. The main task of pharmacist are:
A.
*Strengthen the faith of the patient in need medication and instill hope for
recovery
B.
Good and sensitive attitude to the patient
C.
Following etiquette pharmacist-patient
D.
Propriety communication pharmacist and doctor
E.
Ensure effective implementation of pharmacy
31. Russian Code of Ethics pharmaceutical worker appeared in
A.
1991
B.
1992
C.
1994
D.
1995
E.
*1996
32. The main duty of a pharmacist:
A.
Production of drugs that are safe for the patient
B.
Production of medicines based on natural components
C.
Professional knowledge of medical equipment case
D.
Adherence to medical confidentiality
E.
*Concern about the health of each patient
33. All-Union Conference, which was dedicated to General Medical ethics took
place in
A.
1946
B.
1980
C.
1960
D.
*1970
E.
1950
34. What drugs can actively "promote" the market?
A.
Prescription drugs
B.
Without a prescription drugs
C.
Fraudulent drugs
D.
*Registered in the country
E.
Imported drugs
35. Market promotion of medicines should be carried out in accordance with:
A.
Advertising
B.
*National legislation
C.
The increase in turnover
D.
Increasing the number of drugs
E.
All answers are correct
36. To disseminate information on medicinal products in order to move the
market are:
A.
Advertising
B.
References
C.
Medical representatives
D.
Symposiums and Conferences
E.
*All answers are correct
37. When preparing advertising materials comply with a recommended order of
presentation of information. Specify which data does not cover:
A.
International Nonproprietary Name
B.
Original title
C.
*References to scientific literature
D.
Pharmaceutical form
E.
Side effects
38. In social psychology, common activities are:
A.
*Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
C.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D.
This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
39. Interaction – is a ...
A.
Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture;
B.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
C.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D.
*This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
40. Communication of two subjects, their interaction is called:
A.
Group interaction
B.
*Dyads;
C.
Subject-group interaction;
D.
Intergroup interaction;
E.
Triad.
41. Communication of many entities that interact in the group is called:
A.
*Group interaction
B.
dyads;
C.
Subject-group interaction;
D.
Intergroup interaction;
E.
Triad.
42. Communication, interaction between a group is called:
A.
Group interaction
B.
Dyads;
C.
Subject-group interaction;
D.
*Intergroup interaction;
E.
Triad.
43. Interaction as the leader communicates with a group called:
A.
Group interaction
B.
Dyads;
C.
*Subject-group interaction;
D.
Intergroup interaction;
E.
Triad.
44. By superior dyads must be ready. This commitment has the following
components:
A.
Causes, consequences;
B.
Confidence, determination, reliability;
C.
*Motivational, informative, operations;
D.
Commitment, confidence;
E.
Confidence, determination.
45. In joint work group must be ready. This commitment has the following
components:
A.
Causes, consequences;
B.
Confidence, determination, reliability;
C.
*Motivational, informative, operations;
D.
Commitment, confidence;
E.
Confidence, determination.
46. Which of the following requirements may be included in the code of honor
manager:
A.
*Treat subordinates with respect, listen to them carefully;
B.
Consult with subordinates to evaluate their work colleagues;
C.
Do not take into account the views of subordinates;
D.
Discuss the actions of other people in derogatory manner;
E.
Watch the immediate execution of the task to subordinates.
47. What qualities or skills to help increase personal impact:
A.
*Competence, enthusiasm, self-mastery, sincerity;
B.
Persistence, cruelty, selfishness;
C.
Assuredness, audacity, excessive curiosity;
D.
Indecision, shyness;
E.
Excessive emotion, tension in communication.
48. In psychology, the impact is ...
A.
Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture;
B.
*Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) when interacting with it;
C.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D.
This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
49. The concept of "mutual understanding" - is ...
A.
Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
C.
*Decryption partner messages and actions of each other, which
corresponds to their destination in terms of their authors;
D.
This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
50. The term "understanding" consider:
A.
Activity organized system of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
C.
The process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
D.
The work of a group of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
E.
*Decryption partner messages and actions of each other, which
corresponds to their destination in terms of their authors.
51. Distinguishes three levels of understanding: acceptance, understanding and
empathy. Consent is …
A.
State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
*Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication, external (formal) level of understanding.
52. Distinguishes three levels of understanding: acceptance, understanding and
empathy. Understand this ...
A.
*State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication, external (formal) level of understanding.
53. Distinguishes three levels of understanding: acceptance, understanding and
empathy. Empathy is ...
A.
State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
*The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication, external (formal) level of understanding.
54. Towards understanding barriers may arise, namely:
A.
No feedback during intercourse;
B.
The excitement associated with the human desire to be understood;
C.
Moral systems;
D.
Psychiatric setting;
E.
*Everything listed above is true.
55. There are mechanisms for mutual understanding: identification, reflection,
empathy and decentralization. Identify it:
A.
*Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own;
E.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
56. There are mechanisms for mutual understanding: identification, reflection,
empathy and decentralization. Reflection is:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
*Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own;
E.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
57. There are mechanisms for mutual understanding: identification, reflection,
empathy and decentralization. Empathy is:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
*Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own;
E.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
58. There are mechanisms for mutual understanding: identification, reflection,
empathy and decentralization. Decentralization is:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
*Change the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own.
E.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
59. "Father" of medicine, by oath, that the basis for "Geneva oath":
A.
Sushruta;
B.
*Hippocrates;
C.
Galen;
D.
Avicenna;
E.
Celsus.
60. "Geneva oath" the doctor was adopted in
A.
1940.
B.
*1949.
C.
1947
D.
1950.
E.
1945.
61. In medical emblem VIII century in the form of a burning candle was put
deep moral content, namely:
A.
Save the patient's disease-burn;
B.
The top itself, but will not say in patient care;
C.
*By serving others - burns himself;
D.
The life of the patient - as dohorayucha candle;
E.
Fire - a force that helps the doctor to heal the patient.
62. First "drugstore charter", which were formulated requirements for pharmacy
employees, was adopted in
A.
1800
B.
*1789
C.
1790
D.
1879
E.
1679
63. The role of indicator of the business process executes:
A.
Enterprise;
B.
Entrepreneur;
C.
*Consumer;
D.
Manager;
E.
Businessman.
64. What principles do not apply to administrative ethics in the business:
A.
Reward successful employees;
B.
Professional growth of staff;
C.
Art work of employees;
D.
Conversations between employees and management;
E.
*Regulation to improve employee productivity.
65. A person who owns capital, which is in circulation and makes a profit is
called:
A.
Consumer;
B.
Manager;
C.
*Businessman;
D.
Entrepreneur;
E.
Pharmaceutical workers.
66. Businesspeople, aimed at creating his own range of consumers and
continued growth of its actions with sufficient such other business is called:
A.
Management;
B.
*Competition;
C.
Communication;
D.
Entrepreneurship;
E.
Business.
67. System study of producer and consumer relations is called:
A.
Management;
B.
*Marketing;
C.
Economics;
D.
Ethics;
E.
There is no right answer.
68. Select a background of high culture of entrepreneurship:
A.
Profit;
B.
Growth of turnover;
C.
The ability to live in a permanent crisis;
D.
*Getting to know the basics of business;
E.
Introducing the principles of advertising's flowcharts.
69. The ability of managers to think of the activities in general and to adapt it to
conditions that change strategic planning skills and ability to think big is called:
A.
Efficiency;
B.
Analyticity;
C.
*Conceptuality;
D.
Education;
E.
Communicativeness.
70. Word with french origin that means demeanor and communication is called:
A.
Ethics
B.
*Etiquette
C.
Business
D.
Nobility
E.
Business communication
71. The nature and content of communication is:
A.
Business and non-household
B.
Everyday and no formal
C.
*Formal and no formal
D.
Business and entrepreneurial
E.
Narrow and extended
72. How many stages of the business conversation, you know:
A.
4
B.
3
C.
2
D.
*5
E.
10
73. As between the partners is direct contact, such communication is called:
A.
The temporal
B.
Direct
C.
Indirect
D.
*The contact
E.
Predictive
74. Manager avoids making volitional decisions, does not interfere with work
colleagues and gives them to discharge their duties independently. This style of
leadership:
A.
*Liberal
B.
Authoritarian
C.
Communicable
D.
Democratic
E.
No right answer
75. Which of the above criteria does not apply to the reputation of a successful
leader
A.
Sobriety
B.
Maturity
C.
Empathy
D.
*Enthusiasm
E.
Self-reliance
76. The process of relationship and interaction, in which exchange occurs
activities, information and experience, which involves achieving a certain result or
purpose is called:
A.
Cultural communication
B.
Ethical sense
C.
*Business communication
D.
Business etiquette
E.
Politeness
77. Activities aimed at profit through the creation and implementation of
specific products or services is called:
A.
Economic activity
B.
*Business
C.
Entrepreneurship
D.
Yield
E.
Management activities
78. Which of the definitions is correct: the interaction - it ...
A.
Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
C.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D.
*This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
79. Dyads should be ready for joint activities. Readiness has the following
components:
A.
Causes, consequences;
B.
Confidence, determination, reliability;
C.
*Motivational, informative, Operations;
D.
Commitment, confidence;
E.
Confidence, determination.
80. Group should be ready for joint activities and its willingness to have the
following components:
A.
Causes, consequences;
B.
Confidence, determination, reliability;
C.
Commitment, confidence;
D.
Confidence, determination;
E.
*Motivational, informative, operations;
81. Complex human qualities and skills that help increase personal impact:
A.
*Competence, enthusiasm, self-mastery, sincerity;
B.
Persistence, cruelty, selfishness;
C.
Assuredness, audacity, excessive curiosity;
D.
Indecision, shyness;
E.
Excessive emotion, tension in communication.
82. Understanding referred to as:
A.
Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
C.
*Decryption partner messages and actions of each other, which
corresponds to their destination in terms of their authors;
D.
The process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
83. Understanding is one of three levels of understanding and means.
A.
*State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication, external (formal) level of understanding.
84. Towards understanding sometimes there may be barriers, such as:
A.
No feedback during intercourse;
B.
The excitement associated with the human desire to be understood;
C.
Moral systems;
D.
Psychiatric setting;
E.
*Everything listed above is true.
85. Reflection is one of the mechanisms of understanding, which means:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
*Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own.
E.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication.
86. Decentralization is one of the mechanisms of understanding, which means:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication;
C.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
D.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
E.
*Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own.
87. International medical community, "Geneva oath," the doctor was adopted in
A.
1940.
B.
*1949.
C.
1955
D.
1950.
E.
1945
88. First "drugstore charter", which were formulated requirements for pharmacy
employees, was adopted in
A.
1800
B.
1790
C.
1870
D.
1979
E.
*1789
89. In social psychology, common activities are:
A. *Organized system of activity of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B. The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
C. Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D. This process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E. Working groups of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
90. The interaction of two entities that communicate with the name:
A.
Group interaction;
B.
*Dyads;
C.
Subject-group interaction;
D.
Triumvirate;
E.
Intergroup interaction.
91. When many actors interact in the group, their interaction has a name:
A.
*Group interaction;
B.
Dyads;
C.
Subject-group interaction;
D.
Triumvirate;
E.
Intergroup interaction.
92. By the head of the Honor Code requirements may include:
A.
*Treat subordinates with respect, listen carefully subordinates
B.
Consult with subordinates to evaluate their work colleagues;
C.
Do not listen to opinions of subordinates;
D.
Discuss the actions of other people;
E.
Track the performance of immediate subordinates of the task.
93. In psychology, under the influence of understanding:
A.
Activity organized system of individuals that purposefully interact to
create objects of material and spiritual culture.
B.
*Process and outcome changes in individual behavior of another person
(her plants, ideas, opinions, estimates, etc.) during the interaction with her.
C.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
D.
The process of direct or indirect effects of subjects at each other, which
generates causation of their actions and the relationship;
E.
The work of a group of people based on their completion of each, without
sharing information, thoughts, feelings.
94. Consent is one of three levels of understanding, which means:
A.
State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
*Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication.
95. Empathy is one of three levels of understanding, which means:
A.
State of mind when the subject arises confidence in the adequacy of their
ideas and adjusted means of influence;
B.
*The ability to take into account the state of the interlocutor;
C.
The system, created from several people, each of which performs its
function, not interacting with each other;
D.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
E.
Of mutual assessment of the situation and rules of conduct of each
participant communication, external (formal) level of understanding.
96. One of the mechanisms of understanding is to identify which means:
A.
*Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
C.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
D.
Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own;
E.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals.
97. Empathy is one of the mechanisms of understanding what it means:
A.
Likening himself to another, people base their behavior according to the
position of partner;
B.
Activities aimed at achieving the goals;
C.
*When one person tries to understand the other, take into account the
position of the interlocutor, sympathize with him, but act according to their ideas;
D.
Awareness of individual or group on how to actually perceive and
evaluate other individuals or groups;
E.
Changing the position of the subject as a result of the comparison and
integration with positions that differ from their own.
98. The author of the oath, which is the basis for "Geneva oath" is the "father" of
medicine:
A.
Sushruta;
B.
*Hippocrates;
C.
Galen;
D.
Avicenna;
E.
Celsius.
99. Profound ethical content was laid in the medical emblem of VIII century. It
drawing as burning candles, namely:
A.
Save the patient - to burn disease;
B.
The top itself, but will not say in patient care;
C.
*By serving others - burns himself;
D.
The life of the patient - as the dying candle;
E.
Fire - a symbol of the struggle for health.
100. Specify who advertises drugs in pharmaceutical institutions of the firms producers:
A.
doctors;
B.
nurses;
C.
medical professionals;
D.
*medical representatives;
E.
medical personnel.
101. Medical representatives to improve the sale of medicinal products of the
firm shall not:
A. provide information about medicines;
B. *offer gifts;
C. inform about the price;
D. provide in a small amount of free drug samples;
E. correct answer is no.
102. For the promotion of drugs to the market conduct following measures:
A.
Symposiums;
B.
Scientific meetings;
C.
Conference;
D.
Scientific lectures;
E.
*All answers are correct.
103. Indicate which of these measures (phases of research) is testing drugs on
humans:
A.
symposia;
B.
*post-marketing studies;
C.
preclinical research;
D.
analytical studies;
E.
correct answer is no.
104. Annotations - insert, the artwork on the packaging and labeling must meet
the ethical criteria, governed by:
A.
By the manufacturer;
B.
State Service for Drugs;
C.
Territorial inspection;
D.
*World Health Organization;
E.
Pharmacies.
105. Continue the sentence: Ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion on the
market made in the resolution adopted by the WHO Assembly in 41:
A. 1970;
B. 1975;
C. 1980;
D. *1988;
E. 1992.
106. Which drugs are used ethical criteria for their promotion to the
pharmaceutical market:
A. prescription;
B. OTC;
C. homeopathic;
D. traditional medicines;
E. *all answers are correct.
107. European Community (EC) adopted this classification of medicines:
A.
*prescription and OTC;
B.
parantyralni and sublingual;
C.
toxic and nontoxic;
D.
narcotic and psychotropic;
E.
correct answer is no.
108. Legal status of the decisions about which groups of substances include
specific medicinal product is checked by:
A.
1 year;
B.
2 years;
C.
3 years;
D.
*5 years;
E.
10 years.
109. In Ukraine, the rights of consumers are protected by the Law of Ukraine
"On Protection of Consumers' Rights, adopted in
A.
1980;
B.
*1991;
C.
1999
D.
2000
E.
2010
110. How many codes of practice containing appropriate Pharmacy Practice
(NAP):
A.
one;
B.
two;
C.
three;
D.
*four;
E.
five.
111. With sales of medicines pharmacist must give the consumer a document
that confirms the purchase and the basis for claims of the consumer. What is this
document?
A.
invoice;
B.
certificate of quality;
C.
*receipt;
D.
the act of selling drugs;
E.
correct answer is no.
112. A child with severe pathology of the central nervous system annually
undergoing rehabilitation in a hospital environment, without positive effect. Parents
pay for medical care alone. The doctor, who knows in advance that to improve the
condition of the child can not be all the same hospital recommends that parents, for
their own benefit. What may be a moral evaluation of a doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
113. A man aged 53 years died in the workplace. When forensic examination
of the corpse had been found showing signs of possible death from acute
cardiovascular insufficiency, and showing signs of alcohol ethyl alcohol. Issued a
certificate indicating the cause of death as acute cardiovascular insufficiency, without
reference to the detected ethanol would allow the relatives to get insurance,
pokroyuschuyu all burial expenses. With reference to ethyl alcohol insurance
company, notwithstanding the medical certificate of death from chronic diseases,
relatives refuse to pay the insurance under the pretext that the deceased was at work
drunk. The expert concluded the death of a patient of acute cardiovascular failure. In
what circumstances moral expert?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
114. ?A new line of laparoscopic surgery - laparoscopic (low) spaechnoy
treatment of intestinal obstruction. However, the documentation governing such
interventions are not prepared. As a young woman on duty comes with the picture of
"acute abdomen".Accompanying pathology presented with acute leukemia.
Traditional surgical intervention in such cases is extremely dangerous, but if surgery
is not sick, she will die. The duty doctor performs laparoscopic dissection spaek. The
patient is recovering.What is the moral assessment of the situation will maintain the
emotional stability of a doctor, when he received a reprimand from the management
of a surgical clinic and the hospital administration?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
All answers correct
115. A pharmacologically inert substance that produces an effect similar to
what would be expected of a pharmacologically active substance is named
A.
Wonderful medicine
B.
Universal medications
C.
False medications
D.
* Placebo
E.
Vitamins
116. A right for a patient on freedom of choice will be realized in the next
model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт, that is selected American біоетиком Robert
Vitchem
A.
Guardian
B.
патерналістична
C.
* колегіальна
D.
engineer
E.
contract.
117. ?A Royal Commission on the use of living animals in experimental
researches was founded
A.
* in Great Britain
B.
In Germany
C.
In Russia
D.
in the USA
E.
In Ukraine
118. A surgical conveyer in an eye clinic of Svyatoslava Fedorova is the
example of next model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт, that is selected American
біоетиком Robert Vitchem
A.
Guardian
B.
патерналістичної
C.
collective
D.
* engineer
E.
contract
119. A thesis « the duty of the physician to promote and safeguard the health of
patients, including those who are involved in medical research » is the principle
position of
A.
Constitutions
B.
Nuremberg Code
C.
* Declaration of Helsinki
D.
Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
E.
Hippocratic Oath
120. A young man of 18 called in the army. If the survey reveals an allergy to
the pollen of trees, cross-allergy to carrots and apples, stone.Clinical allergy
manifested in the form of attacks of bronchial asthma and allergic rinokonyunktivita
season flowering trees, as well as generalized urticaria, with the use of banned
products.At the Autumn Medical Commission in patient recruitment for the re-sent to
the clinic. However, the evidence of bronchial asthma is necessary to record changes
in obstructive spirogramme (pnematahogramme). Off season there is no violation of
pulmonary ventilation.In his presence, and if there is a set of anaphylactic doctor
gives a patient obzidan, contraindicated with asthma. After some time the patient
becomes worse, at the height of ill-being logged, and a single FVD prednisolone for
kupirovaniya attack.The young man received a deferral from serving in the Army. In
what moral situation was a doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
All answers correct
121. Acceptable recompense for trial participation includes:
A.
reimbursement for transport
B.
reimbursement for lost earnings
C.
* extensive medical services
D.
reimbursement for inconvenience and time spent as a result of their
participation in research
E.
free medical services either related or unrelated to research participation
122. According to Department of Health guidelines in South Africa,
A.
* it may be justifiable to use placebo in communities that do not have
access to interventions that are the standard care in resource-rich settings
B.
placebo control should never be considered ethically acceptable
C.
informed consent is a sufficient condition for the moral acceptability of
research involving human participants
D.
informed consent is unnecessary so long as there are good reasons to
believe that both the individuals involved and the community as a whole are likely to
benefit from research participation
E.
it is inevitable that drug trials will often prejudice the ongoing treatment
and care of patients
123. According to the WHO guidelines for ethics review, RECs must be
constituted and perform according to the following principles for ethical review:
A.
independence
B.
competence
C.
pluralism
D.
transparency
E.
* scientific integrity
124. According to utilitarian ethics, moral standing belongs to:
A.
* . all who are capable of feeling pain or pleasure.
B.
. all animals, including insects and single-celled animals.
C.
. all living beings whatsoever.
D.
. all who are capable of higher quality pleasures.
E.
. everything that has enduring existence, including animals, plants,
mountains, rivers, and ecosystems.
125. Almost all moral theories agree that good moral behavior requires
A.
. an agreed-upon set of principles
B.
. feelings of affection and concern
C.
* . having the right intention.
D.
. abstract reason.
E.
. belief in God
126. Ambulance to the receiving office a man diagnosed with «Stenosis
Laryngeal». Also, in a patient hepatitis C. In the reception office, the patient is
clinically dead from suffocation. In the study patients on the floor doing the operation
- tracheotomy, indirect heart massage and artificial respiration. As an extreme case, a
physician failing to wear gloves and take the mask for breathing, ie, breathe directly
into gory traheotomicheskuyu tube, the risk of contracting hepatitis C. Are you ready
to risk their health in an emergency situation to save the life of the patient?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
127. Animal models allow research into which of the following?
A.
. Experimental investigation into factors such as the genetics of a
psychopathology.
B.
.
Changes
in
brain
biochemistry
associated
with
specific
psychopathologies
C.
. The effects of drugs on psychopathology.
D.
* . All of the above.
E.
. None of above
128. Animal models allow research into which of the following?
A.
. Experimental investigation into factors such as the genetics of a
psychopathology.
B.
.
Changes
in
brain
biochemistry
associated
with
specific
psychopathologies.
C.
. The effects of drugs on psychopathology.
D.
. All of the above.*
E.
. None of above
129. As always, the city hospital the doctor went to work on your car. But
today it was very important, because at the morning conference of doctors, he did
report, after which could be promoted to the post. The time of the conference was
strictly planned. On the way met road accident, were injured. The doctor stopped to
assist and escort the victims to the nearest hospital, where they have expertise. The
victims, because of the doctors, survived, but the doctor, missed, nothing is received.
What principles guided the doctor, sacrificing his career for strangers?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
130. At home in a patient suffering from epilepsy, developed epileptic status.
In the absence of therapeutic effect of the ongoing physician anticonvulsant drug
therapy was lumbar puncture (lumbar puncture) for the withdrawal convulsive
syndrome. Lumbar puncture was made without the presence of close relatives. This
manipulation had a positive effect. This was contrary to instructions, adopted by the
Ministry of Health. In what moral situation was a doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
131. At the hospital in intensive care unit there is a clear rule that family
members is strictly forbidden to enter the interior and, consequently, to communicate
with patients. However, in some rare cases, very serious condition and the patient's
poor prognosis, under the personal responsibility of the physician authorizes a friend
for a short period of time to see them. What is the moral situation arises in the
relationship of physicians with patients' relatives?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
132. Basic task of doctor at presence of for the patient of disability
A.
to realize principle of equality of rights and mutual understanding in the
process of treatment
B.
way of life
to bring through a patient and as quick as possible to turn to the former
C.
* to adjust a patient to the terms of life at presence of хвороби
D.
to provide anaesthetizing and ethics support
E.
To conduct necessary laboratory researches
133. Basic task of doctor at presence of for the patient of chronic disease
A.
* to realize principle of equality of rights and mutual understanding in the
process of treatment
B.
to bring through a patient and as quick as possible to turn to the former
way of life
C.
to adjust a patient to the terms of life at presence of illness
D.
to provide anaesthetizing and ethics support
E.
To conduct necessary laboratory researches
134. Basic task of doctor at presence of for the patient of chronic disease
A.
* to realize principle of equality of rights and mutual understanding in the
process of treatment
B.
to bring through a patient and as quick as possible to turn to the former
way of life
C.
to adjust a patient to the terms of life at presence of illness
D.
to provide anaesthetizing and ethics support
E.
To conduct necessary laboratory researches
135. Biomedical ethics and health law should be able to:
A.
Independence
B.
Health Law - Priority
C.
should be kept a priority of Biomedical Ethics
D.
* Biomedical ethics - the criterion of the correctness of medical law
E.
Health Law defines the correctness of biomedical ethics
136. By the basic lack of collective model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт,
characteristic for a modern culture and that selects American біоетик Robert Vitch is
A.
* incompetence or features of psyche of patient can influence negatively
B.
A patient does not take part in the discussion of process of treatment
C.
Mutual relations can outgrow in the relations of type «chief – inferior»
D.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
E.
A patient takes part in the discussion of this information on his illness and
treatment.
137. By the basic lack of engineering model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт,
characteristic for a modern culture and that selects American біоетик Robert Vitch is
A.
incompetence or features of psyche of patient can influence negatively
B.
* A patient does not take part in the discussion of process of treatment
C.
Mutual relations can outgrow in the relations of type « chief – inferior»
D.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
E.
A patient takes part in the discussion of this information on his illness and
treatment.
138. By the basic lack of paternalistic model of interrelation of doctor-patient,
characteristic for a modern culture and that selects American bioethic Robert Vitch is
A.
incompetence or features of psyche of patient can influence negatively
B.
A patient does not take part in the discussion of process of treatment
C.
* Mutual relations can outgrow in the relations of type «chief – inferior»
D.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
E.
A patient takes part in the discussion of this information on his illness and
treatment.
139. By the form of social regulation of medical practice does not apply:
A.
Ethics
B.
morality
C.
Etiquette
D.
right
E.
* Arts
140. Can the requirement for informed consent be waived?
A.
Yes, at the discretion of the investigator
B.
* No, unless a designated ethics review committee approves
C.
Never
D.
Yes, with the consent of the participant
E.
Correct answer absent
141. Capacity to consent to trial participation may not be diminished by:
A.
Poverty
B.
* Source of research funding
C.
Lack of understanding
D.
Cultural barriers
E.
Situational pressure
142. Charity - is:
A.
* unselfish workthrough which private resources are freely shared their
holders to assist needy
B.
Plato's idea.
C.
equality of outcome
D.
pagan virtue
E.
corrupt sense of satisfaction
143. Child 3-days of life in the department of pathology of newborns in critical
condition. The need for blood transfusion, blood group was determined. The analysis
turned out that the father is another manbut not to exacerbate the difficult moral
status in the family physician silent about this fact. In what moral situation was a
doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral act, feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
144. Choose the correct definition of justice: a) The sensitive and intelligent; b)
the distribution and pay, c) social and asocial, d) the ideal and real.
A.
and,
B.
in
C.
g
D.
* b, g
E.
a, d
145. Christian ethics includes an emphasis on
A.
. forgiveness
B.
* . reason *
C.
. experience
D.
. feelings
E.
. none of above
146. CIOMS/WHO guidelines require that control arm participants generally
receive:
A.
the best current method
B.
the best locally available method
C.
historical control
D.
* an established effective intervention
E.
coercion
147. Clinical research in which each study subject is randomly assigned to
receive either the study treatment or a placebo is
A.
Screening trials
B.
* Randomized trials
C.
Controlled trials
D.
Opened trials
E.
Blind trials
148. Clinical research in which the subjects involved in the study do not know
which study treatment they receive is named
A.
Screening trials
B.
Randomized trials
C.
Controlled trials
D.
Opened trials
E.
* Blind trials
149. Clinical research involving refugees is:
A.
* relatively unregulated with few ethical guidelines directly addressing
refugees as a vulnerable population
B.
relatively regulated with most ethical guidelines addressing refugees as a
vulnerable population.
C.
more ethically acceptable than research on prisoners
D.
less ethically acceptable than research on mentally incompetent adults
E.
always sufficiently reviewed by the appropriate host country authorities
150. Clinical research, which conducted to find better tests or procedures for
diagnosing a particular disease or condition, is named
A.
Screening trials
B.
* Diagnostic trials
C.
Treatment trials
D.
Compassionate use trials
E.
Prevention trials
151. Critics of the ethical acceptability of placebo-controlled clinical trials of
the short-course of zidovudine for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in
developing countries argued that:
A.
placebo controlled studies are never morally acceptable
B.
the ACTG 076 protocol was generally affordable in developing countries
C.
double standards are appropriate because the ACTG 076 protocol was not
affordable in developing countries
D.
Declaration of Helsinki requirements should be weakened
E.
* historical controls would have sufficed
152. Currently, the process of growing specialization and the consequent
reduction in the personal liability of a doctor for the condition the patient's health.For
example, when complaints of pain (any location) of the patient, above all, send the
precinct physician, who view objective overload sends the patient on admission to
narrow specialists to exclude or confirm the pathology.For the patient begins to walk
on the specialist doctors, and only passing them, he again returns to the physician for
the treatment of appointments. Will the situation, the moral (what?) For the patient, if
it is expanded network of general practitioners and family medicine?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
C.Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
153. Debt - it is somethingthat turns into force:
A.
professional duties
B.
Time
C.
* demands of conscience and the moral ideal of the investigation
D.
ideological justification for social progress
E.
order of the Chief
154. Defenders of the ethical acceptability of placebo-controlled clinical trials
of the short-course of zidovudine for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in
developing countries argued that:
A.
Declaration of Helsinki requirements concerning control arms were
appropriate and should be preserved
B.
* Declaration of Helsinki requirements concerning control arms were
inappropriate and should be changed
C.
placebo-controlled studies take longer and require larger numbers of
research participants
D.
human participants in control arms should always receive the ‘best
proven’ therapeutic method
E.
Declaration of Helsinki requirements regarding informed consent were
too demanding and should be loosened
155. Defenders of the ethical acceptability of placebo-controlled clinical trials
of the short-course of zidovudine for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in
developing countries argued that:
A.
placebo control is always morally acceptable
B.
placebo control was necessary to determine the relative efficacy of the
short-course of zidovudine
C.
developing world patient-participants would be harmed if they were
denied the ‘best proven’ treatment for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission
of HIV
D.
* patient-participants who received placebo would not be harmed
E.
informed consent is a sufficient condition for the moral acceptability of
research involving human participants
156. Doctor on duty in the Children's Hospital are simultaneously in 2
offices.In the haematological department of the child is 12 years old with acute
leukemia in the stage of agony, which indicated deterioration of the past 2 months.In
the pediatric department - a child 11 years of age in asthmatic status, where it is
necessary to promptly resolve the issue of transfer to intensive care department or for
the appointment of infusion therapy. Is there is a right choice?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
D.Moral crime
E.
Indifference
157. Doctor should inform the patient about the form of medical intervention in
all cases except those where:
A.
* the patient is either a minor or is mentally retarded, or his illness,
"locks" the conscience
B.
this decision is determined by the financial advantage
C.
the patient has no medical education, explaining the complexity of the
disease
D.
not a patient may lead to a deterioration in his health
E.
In all these cases
158. During experimentation informed consent should include which of the
following:
A.
. Details of the purpose of the experiment.
B.
. A description of the procedures the participant will encounter.
C.
. The duration of the study.
D.
. The duration of the study and details of the purpose of the experiment.
E.
. All of the above.*
159. During the Great Patriotic War in the hospital the doctor-surgeon had shot
a wounded German officer for having insulted our nurse. Why is this situation can be
regarded as a crime?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
160. During the night shift as a nurse received a call to the House. Causing the
patient presented a large number of complaints. At this time, patients from
neighboring chamber drew the attention of nurses to other patients whose condition
has deteriorated, but the patient claims not to, so as not to disturb the doctor. In what
moral situation was a doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
D.Moral crime
E.
Indifference
161. Efficiency of collective model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт, that is
selected American біоетиком Robert Vitchem appears especially well
A.
At sharp diseases.
B.
* At chronic diseases.
C.
At incurable diseases.
D.
At mass diseases
E.
At diseases in колег-лікарів
162. Embodiment of justice as the idea of inequality of men is as follows:
A.
* Private (fee), medicine and the system of voluntary health insurance
B.
forms of public insurance
C.
Social Institute of Health
D.
forms of public insurance and health care
E.
Social Institute
163. Environmental ethics centers on
A.
. humans
B.
. Ecology *
C.
. politics
D.
. animals
E.
* . space
164. Ethical egoism deals with
A.
. selfishness
B.
* . self-interest *
C.
. the ego
D.
. the individual's rights
E.
. none of above
165. Ethics reflects on
A.
* . Morality *
B.
. right and wrong
C.
. good behavior
D.
. all 3
E.
. none of above
166. Etiquette - a form of behavior, meaning
A.
* recognition of the importance of special rules of conduct in social and
professional relationships
B.
custom
C.
special conditional politeness
D.
The science of nature and sense of moral relationships and moral
principles
E.
the human capacity for social adaptation
167. Evil - this is what is listed, except:
A.
that the distances from the ideal of moral perfection, the Biblical
commandments, God
B.
death
C.
crime and lawlessness
D.
that is harmful to human life
E.
* Intelligent fiction
168. Existentialism gets along very well without
A.
* . Experience *
B.
. rules
C.
. work
D.
. forgiveness
E.
. none of above
169. Family doctor oversees the family, children who want to marry. However,
in one of the families there is a blood disease, transmitted by inheritance, as they are
silent because the hope for a favorable outcome. The doctor, of the positive ethical
motivations, described the second family of hereditary diseases. In what moral
situation was a doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
170. For a child 13 years of age, hemophiliacs, located in the department of
Hematology, his parents had purchased kriopretsipitat (intravenous medication in the
event of hemorrhage, or bleeding).On duty in the department received a 5-year old
boy, suffering from hemophilia, which fell from the bike, receiving the injury that
caused massive bleeding. For relief, due to life-threatening 5-year old child, the
doctor decides to overflowing it kriopretsipitat,intended for another patient. In what
moral circumstances pediatrician?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral act,feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
171. For emergency medical care in admitting department receives patients
with head injuries and the body of view. He was examined by the duty doctor, who
evaluated his condition as a medium heavy, and held the primary processing of the
patient eye. During the procedure, the patient started convulsions, and a nasal
liquorrhea. These symptoms indicate brain damage and, consequently, the critical
condition the patient. In this situation, the doctor underestimated the severity of
patient condition, and this could lead to his death. How to assess the moral attitudes
of the doctors?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
C.Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
172. For ethical model of doctor-patient relationship the basic principle is:
A.
* perform duty
B.
Do not commit adultery
C.
protect medical confidentiality
D.
help a colleague
E.
non-interference
173. For patients with severe pain in the sternum was caused by a Brigade
ambulance. With the removal of the negative dynamics of electrocardiograms were
found. Pain after the introduction of analgesics did not stop and began to grow.
However,
ambulance
patients
do
not
hospitalized,
was
diagnosed
with
«osteochondrosis of spine». After 18 hours the patient died. At the autopsy found
acute transmural myocardial infarction. Whether committed brigade ambulance or a
crime is medical error?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
174. For social contract ethics, those who count morally are:
A.
. the ruling class.
B.
. all sentient creatures; that is, all who can experience consciousness.
C.
. only those who actually follow the rules and laws.
D.
. all and only those who are accepted into the society by the ruler or rulers
E.
* . those who are capable of entering into the contract.
175. Freedom is:
A.
ability to do what you want
B.
possibility of creativity
C.
law of nature
D.
law society
E.
* recognizes the potential and capacity for moral perfection
176. Gene therapy should be implemented:
A.
* only for medicinal purposes
B.
for medical and moral training and caring for the child
C.
to build a healthy society or a society of healthy citizens
D.
to modify the genome of the heirs of the patient, ie,of the gene therapy of
germ cells
E.
for moral training and caring for the child
177. Genetic certification can not be used for discriminatory purposes in the
situation:
A.
Life Insurance
B.
Health Insurance
C.
political activity
D.
variety of situations of family and intimate life
E.
* religious person's private life (participation in the sacraments the
Church)
178. Genetic predictive testing is done:
A.
to implement the artificial selection of the population
B.
to create a favorable social environment for individuals with elevated
C.
intellectual abilities
D.
to create a perfect society by means of artificial selection
E.
* for medical and moral training and caring for the child and in order to
clarify the clinical diagnosis
179. Grounded theory is an approach to qualitative analysis. It involves which
of the following:
A.
. Identifying significant childhood experiences
B.
. Identifying consistent categories or themes within the data.*
C.
. Identifying unconscious defence mechanisms.
D.
. Identifying baseline measurements.
E.
. None of above
180. High myopia is a frequent indication for retinal lazerkoagulyatsii to
prevent further her detachment. However, this operation has its own evidence and not
always the case, even with high myopia, it is needed.Nevertheless, at present, this
operation is often assigned almost all indiscriminately, especially in clinics where the
transaction fee.Even if there is no particular need, the doctor give the patient a little
more profitable possible retinal detachment, and get hold lazerkoagulyatsiyu fee,
without thinking about long-term consequences of such interference.As a result, the
patient receives in the future peripheral retinal dystrophy and loss of visual fields.
What type of moral action include such practices?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
181. Historically speaking, ethical review of research came about, because:
A.
People discovered that that would generate badly needed jobs for ethicists
B.
* Of serious failings by some researchers throughout history to ensure that
trial participants are not exploited or harmed one way or another during the trial
C.
Researchers discovered that without ethical review they would have
problems seeing their findings published in important international biomedical
journals
D.
Legislators deemed it necessary to force ethical review processes upon
clinical researcher and anyone else involved in using human participants for research
purposes
E.
People were sceptical that self-regulation by scientists would be the
appropriate answer to ethical concerns in biomedical research involving human
participants
182. History knows many cases where doctors devote his life to help the
people of underdeveloped countries. Albert Schweitzer renounced a career musician
and theologian, and devoted his life to medical work serving others. Together with
his wife, a nurse Ellen Breslau, he was at their own expense in 1913, founded the
hospital in Lambarene (Gabon), over half worked in a tropical forest, providing
medical care for leprosy, malaria, dysentery and other diseases.As estimated in the
European culture of work and life of A. Schweitzer?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral act,feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
183. How many must be phases of clinical research
A.
The amount of phases depends on financing
B.
An amount of phases can be arbitrary
C.
Sufficiently two
D.
Usually three
E.
* Necessarily four
184. Identify these four principles:
A.
. Consent, beneficence, maleficence and justice
B.
. Autonomy, consent, non-maleficence and justice
C.
. Autonomy, beneficence, maleficence and justice
D.
. Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and concent
E.
* . Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice
185. If a researcher finds himself in a situation where he or she has a conflict of
interest he or she should not do which of the following
A.
disclose the information to his research participants
B.
* keep the information to himself or herself so as to not to frighten the
participants
C.
disclose the information to the medical journal to which he will submit the
D.
avoid such conflicts in the future
E.
none of the above
data
186. If the difference between the means of two samples of observations were
not significant:
A.
. any difference between the two samples must be very small.
B.
. there would be no difference between the means of the populations from
which the samples come.
C.
. the two samples must have the same mean.
D.
. any difference between the populations from which the samples come is
unimportant.
E.
* . there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the populations have
different means.
187. In a clinical trial of a drug to improve the survival rate following heart
attacks:
A.
. cases receiving the drug should be matched with controls by age and sex.
B.
. subjects should be a random sample of patients from a large population.
C.
* . if possible, written informed consent should be obtained before
patients can be admitted to the trial.
D.
. subjects should be told whether they are receiving the test drug or not.
E.
. the admitting clinician should know what drug the patient will receive
before admitting to the trial.
188. In a dilemma, there needs to be at least ____ choices.
A.
.1
B.
*.2*
C.
.3
D.
.4
E.
. None of above
189. In a double blind clinical trial:
A.
* . the patients do not know which treatment they receive.
B.
. each patient receives a placebo.
C.
. the patients do not know they are in a trial.
D.
. each patient receives both treatments
E.
. All of above
190. In a double blind clinical trial:
A.
. the patients know which treatment they receive.
B.
. each patient receives a placebo.
C.
. the patients do not know they are in a trial.
D.
. each patient receives both treatments
E.
* . the clinician assessing the patients' condition does not know which
treatment the patient has received.
191. In an experiment an effect size is:
A.
. The success of experimental manipulation.
B.
. An objective and standardised measure of the magnitude of the effect
observed in a study.*
C.
. Effective hypothesis testing.
D.
. Measurement of how successfully you carried out the experiment.
E.
. All of above
192. In an experiment in which hungry individuals refrained from eating to
avoid causing harm to others, the experimental subjects were:
A.
. humans
B.
. pigs.
C.
* . rhesus monkeys.
D.
. dogs.
E.
. white mice.
193. In an observational study, the investigators observe the subjects and
measure their outcomes. The researchers do not actively manage the experiment. This
is also called
A.
* natural experiment
B.
Screening trials
C.
Diagnostic trials
D.
Treatment trials
E.
Toxicological experiment
194. In carrying out any intervention in the sphere of health, including
intervention research purposes must be respected by all, except:
A.
Moral presentation of the patient
B.
standards of biblical morality
C.
human values
D.
Corporate interests
E.
* economic interests of the researcher
195. In cases where children with serious chronic diseases are in the terminal
stage of illness, the doctor raises the question whether to continue treatment in a
hospital (in most cases consists of frequent invasive procedures difficult to transport
the child and not able to extend his life),or write the child home. Minimum
maintenance therapy, which recommended a doctor in the last days of life at home
outside the hospital is an offense by a doctor, but the mercies of a child for whom
treatment was heavier than his illness. Naturally, this can take place only in cases of
severe, incurable disease, when all possible treatments tried, and none of them has
not yielded results. The decision to discharge home, the child can only be collegial. Is
the moral of this decision?
A.
* A.Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
196. In drug treatment studies, it may be necessary to use deception. This may
involve:
A.
. Participant not knowing they are taking part in the study.
B.
. Participants unknowingly receiving a placebo.*
C.
. Participants not being paid.
D.
. Asking participants to deceive other participants about the effectiveness
of their treatment.
E.
. None of above
197. In identifying the hereditary disease in the developing fetus the fate of the
fetus (the continuation of pregnancy or abortion) of the right to decide:
A.
Only medical professionals
B.
* Only parents
C.
Only mother
D.
religious
E.
public health authorities
198. In moral dilemmas, there is (are)
A.
. no rights
B.
. 1 right
C.
* . 2 rights *
D.
. 2 wrongs
E.
. No wrong
199. In obstetric practice, with complications in childbirth, when a woman in
travail, and the result of relaxed, quite often the question arises: Did the caesarean
section, or the imposition of obstetrical forceps. First, without a doubt, more
traumatic for the mother, the second - for the child. In the first case, the mother may
die in the second - the child. The physician must take tough, but the only right
decision. In what moral situation was a doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
200. In one of the city hospitals of Kyiv turned 14 year old girl with a request
to interrupt her pregnancy. Doctors do it without parental consent categorically
refused, she explained the danger of the operation and consequences of abortion. Not
wanting to talk to parents, the girl went to the criminal abortion and, as a result,
nearly died of uterine bleeding. As with the moral and ethical point of view, it is
possible to estimate of the doctors?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
201. In patients with acute leukemia mieloblastnym during the main course of
treatment abruptly began attacks convulsions. To ascertain the cause of convulsions,
requiring computed tomography, which parents are categorically rejected because
netransportabelnosti child. Before a doctor is a choice.In the event that a child leave
without specifying the cause of seizures, which subsequently would have increased in
frequency and intensity, he could die from complications or would not have been
done correctly and timely correction of treatment.However, when the carriage
netransportabelnogo child could be other complications that are too dangerous to live.
As with the moral point of view the physician must evaluate the situation?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
202. In practice, the physician is faced with situations where he must make a
choice: to appoint a patient medication approved for use and is not allowed for this
group of patients.For example, in some cases of severe hypertension in children have
a good effect of drugs are not officially permitted in pediatric practice. Can a morally
be justified by a choice of doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
D.Moral crime
E.
Indifference
203. In psychological research the term confidentiality refers to which of the
following options:
A.
. The experimenter appears confident during the experimental situation.
B.
. Participants have a right to expect that information they provide will be
treated confidentially.*
C.
. The experiment will involve the participant confiding in the
experimenter.
D.
. The experimenter is confident that the hypothesis will be proved.
E.
. All of above
204. In psychological research, the term privacy refers to which of the
following options:
A.
. Simple diagnosis criteria.
B.
. A no-treatment control condition.
C.
. Narrow inclusion criteria.*
D.
. Complex exclusion criteria.
E.
. All of above
F.
. Participants in psychological research have a right to expect that
information they provide will be treated confidentially.
G.
. Participants have the right to withdraw from the experiment at any time.
H.
. The design of the experiment is double-blind.
I.
. Participants can decide not to provide some forms of information to the
researcher if they so wish.*
J.
. None of above
205. In the admitting department is ill 18-year-old accompanied by parents.
When examining diagnosed «Acute purulent gemisinusit. Phlegmon orbit. Sepsis ».
Because history shows that within 5 days of sick parents are treated in various
hospitals, where they either did not or diagnosed «Rozsa person» to be treated and
sent home. The hospital was carried out emergency surgery, but the patient died a
few days in the resuscitation of septic pneumonia, because of late begun treatment.
Should doctors not taking sick in other hospitals, held criminally liable? Why?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
C.Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
206. In the cardiology department of the patient was 57 years in connection
with suspected unstable angina, received standard therapy, despite not exactly a
typical clinic. On the second day of stay in hospital the patient died, at the autopsy
diagnosis of coronary heart disease has not been confirmed. A patient turned bundle
aorta - a disease requiring urgent surgical treatment, in which the designated drugs
worsened the condition of the patient. This case - a typical medical errors.
Appointment of drugs may have accelerated death was caused by the fact that the
clinical picture of disease is similar, and for accurate diagnosis requires special
methods. Can a moral assessment of what happened to mitigate the legal liability of
doctors in the possible trial?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
207. In the commercial children's clinic on undeclared orders of the chief
physician specialists neuropathologists blind to the neurological problems of
children. Reassure parents that the age by imposing a minimal treatment.This entails
an increase in the number of missing cases, with possible adverse neurological
prognosis. Is the tactic of doctors in this case, a criminal?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
208. In the department of ophthalmology patient had been diagnosed with
«otkrytougolnaya glaucoma 4 degree» to the presence of the central residual
vision.Before a doctor is a question, do the operation, the residual risk of losing
vision, or do without the operation, but then the uncompensated intraocular pressure
also lead to loss of residual vision. What is the moral assessment of the situation?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
209. In the Department of the streets brought the patient in a state of dementia
with undercooling, address and telephone numbers of relatives could not remember
names only his surname and first name. This patient was considered as homeless. In
connection with dementia had repeatedly tried to leave the office. The attending
physician through the police department and help desk found a place of residence of
the patient, said social service assistancebrought the patient to wear. As a result, the
patient was drawn home. How can we assess the actions of a doctor?
A.
A.Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
210. In the department of vascular surgery patients enrolled in a planned
operation on the aneurysm abdominal aorta department. After a successful operation
on the third day the patient had rupture of stomach ulcers, peritonitis complicated,
resulting in the patient died. The patient was not a gastroscopy, which is part of the
list of surveys of patients before vascular operation. How can we assess physician
performance?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
211. In the electric car with a child occurs obturatsiya upper respiratory tract
chunks of food. Doctors in the home tracheotomy is performed, followed by
recovering its own breath. The patient is brought to a hospital physician, provide
immediate assistance. Can a doctor seen as an act deed?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
D.Moral crime
E.
Indifference
212. In the intensive care ward routine hospital received a patient with unstable
angina. For all laboratory and clinical data of the patient developed acute myocardial
infarction. In the history of the patient had peptic ulcer disease 12 rings intestine. The
doctor, afraid of possible complications, did not hold trombolizis and appointed
heparin anticoagulation therapy. This treatment led to the fact that the patient
developed transmural myocardial infarction, complicated kardiogennym shock. This
condition is extremely poor prognosis. Without a doubt, the zone of injury and
complications of a heart attack would have been much smaller, with the right
treatment. Has the situation for the doctor's dilemma?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
213. In the intermediate care ophthalmic hospital comes from the «emergency»
soldiers with severe penetrating injury with prolapse shell eyes, intraocular alien
body. Under the order, the military assistance provided strictly in a military
hospital.Despite the threat of loss of the eye as a body without a highly qualified
emergency eye care, the doctor sends the patient's admissions office at the
hospital.We know that within three days of any patient with an emergency pathology
of view is entitled to receive high-quality eye care, regardless of territorial and
military supplies. Is this a case example of a moral offense?
A.
Casus
B.
B.Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
214. In the laboratory of biochemistry at resuscitation have been a number of
tests for further diagnosis of the medical office. If they do, it will be spent reagents
and rapid tests in the case of resuscitation (the probability of low income) will not be
able to hold them. Always there will be true of the doctors in this situation?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
215. In the laboratory, the surgeon came and asked for blood tests instead of 5,
which relies to carry out the instructions, hold 10 in connection with the fact that all
patients after surgery are in serious condition. In carrying out 5 of the 10 tests had
been denied. Is it possible to attribute this situation to the case?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
216. In the office, the patient died. The doctor, according to the rules, called
the dispatcher, and then decorated the history of the disease, on the morning of our
relatives. However, the deceased relatives have been told that they had already
reported the death of the ritual agency. The point is that ritual among agencies, there
is competition, so the agency to pay a certain amount of man who reported death.
Security, carrying the body in the morgue, finds out the phone to relatives and
passport details of the patient, recorded on the first page of the history of the disease
and inform their staff of ritual agency. What is the moral evaluation of actions by the
administration staff and relatives?
A.
Casus
B.
B.Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
217. In the process of diagnosis and treatment is often a question of the
application of research methods, not provided for in the hospital, this is usually costly
procedures (CT, MRI, etc.).Not all patients can afford it. Can a doctor to ask the
patient (or his relatives) to pay for such services? Indeed, the diagnosis will be more
accurate, which will enable more effective to treat a patient. How to identify this
moral situation?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
218. In the surgery department of rural hospital had a child 8 years old
diagnosed with acute appendicitis. In the state hospital anesthesiologist was absent.
Patients who needed emergency operation, called anaesthesiologist care Aviation.
Given that expectations anaesthesiologist затянут beginning operation for 5-6 hours,
the surgeon decided to perform an operation under local anesthesia. The operation is
successful, the patient was successfully discharged from office. Subsequently, the
surgeon was reprimanded for violation of official instructions. In what circumstances
a doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
219. In the treatment of retinal detachment in premature babies to a doctor is a
choice. On the one hand, without the outcome of surgical treatment of premature
retinopathy with retinal detachment has already begun a complete or almost total
blindness, but the operation slightly increases the chances of the child at least a little
residual vision. On the other hand, anesthesia premature child who is half his little
life was in IVL, and at the age of 3 months, weighs 2 kg, by itself - is a huge risk to
his life. Exacerbate the child's parents this choice: «If a child is something to see, we
take, but if not, we give him ». In what moral situations were doctors?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral act, feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
220. In the women's advice drawn woman, period - 34 weeks, until then never
surveyed. At the ultrasound shows that the fetus has defects. Should the doctor tell
the woman in this situation on the evils of the fetus before birth, or for the duration of
pregnancy should not be worried about the woman? How do I determine the moral
situationin which the doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral act, feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
221. In well-known principles «three R» a word «Reduction» means
A.
Experimenting on cell cultures instead of whole animals
B.
Using computer models
C.
* the decreasing of amount of the utilized animals
D.
Studying human volunteers
E.
Using epidemiological studies
222. In well-known principles «three R» a word «Replacement» means
A.
Using less invasive techniques
B.
* Using computer models
C.
reduction the amount of the utillized animals
D.
prohibition of experiments on animals
E.
Sharing information with other researchers
223.
In well-known principles «three R» substituting of the high-organized
animals by low-organized one or application of alternative methods is a word
A.
* Replacement
B.
Refinement
C.
Reduction
D.
Regulation
E.
Remotion
224. In well-known principles «three R» the decreasing of amount of the
utilized animals is a word
A.
Replacement
B.
Refinement
C.
* Reduction
D.
Regulation
E.
Remotion
225. In well-known principles «three R» the humane handling animals during
preparation and conducting of experiment is a word
A.
Replacement
B.
* Refinement
C.
Reduction
D.
Regulation
E.
Remotion
226.
In well-known principles «three R» word of «Refinement » means
A.
* the humane handling animals during preparation and conducting of
experiment
B.
Experimenting on cell cultures instead of whole animals
C.
Using computer models
D.
Studying human volunteers
E.
Using epidemiological studies
227. In what feature of collective model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт,
characteristic for a modern culture and that does select American біоетик Robert
Vitch?
A.
Principles of attitude toward a patient are love, mercy, anxiety,
benefaction and justice
B.
* A doctor reveals to true information the patient and that takes part in its
обговоренні
C.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
D.
Principles of attitude toward a patient as to the impersonal mechanism
E.
A doctor co-operates with a patient as a narrow specialist and executes
technical functions cleanly.
228. In what feature of contract model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт,
characteristic for a modern culture and that does select American біоетик Robert
Vitch?
A.
Principles of attitude toward a patient are love, mercy, anxiety,
benefaction and justice
B.
A doctor reveals to true information the patient and that takes part in its
discussion
C.
* Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of
public agreement
D.
Principles of attitude toward a patient as to the impersonal mechanism
E.
Here a right for a patient will be realized on freedom of choice.
229. In what feature of engineering model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт,
characteristic for a modern culture and that does select American біоетик Robert
Vitch?
A.
Principles of attitude toward a patient are love, mercy, anxiety,
benefaction and justice
B.
A doctor reveals to true information the patient and that takes part in its
discussion
C.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
D.
* Principles of attitude toward a patient as to the impersonal mechanism
E.
Here a right for a patient will be realized on freedom of choice.
230. In what feature of патерналістичної model of interrelation of лікарпацієнт, characteristic for a modern culture and that does select American біоетик
Robert Vitch?
A.
* Principles of attitude toward a patient are love, mercy, anxiety,
benefaction and справедливість
B.
A doctor reveals to true information the patient and that takes part in its
discussion
C.
Co-operations of doctor and patient are carried out on principles of public
agreement
D.
Principles of attitude toward a patient as to the impersonal mechanism
E.
Here a right for a patient will be realized on freedom of choice.
231. In what phase of clinical tests tested medication with the purpose of
receipt of additional information about a spectrum and frequency of by-reactions and
co-operation of medication with other medications.
A.
In the first phase of clinical tests
B.
In the second phase of clinical tests
C.
In the third phase of clinical tests
D.
* In the fourth phase of clinical tests
E.
In any phase of clinical tests
232. In what phase of clinical tests tested medication with the purpose of
receipt of additional information about a spectrum and frequency of by-reactions and
co-operation of medication with other medications.
A.
In the first phase of clinical tests
B.
In the second phase of clinical tests
C.
In the third phase of clinical tests
D.
* In the fourth phase of clinical tests
E.
In any phase of clinical tests
233. In what phase of clinical trials are designed to assess how well the drug
works with the purpose of estimation of therapeutic efficiency
A.
In first phase of clinical trials
B.
* In second phase of clinical trials
C.
In third phase of clinical trials
D.
In fourth phase of clinical trials
E.
In any phase of clinical trials
234. In witch model, proposed by Robert Veatch, an American pioneer
bioethicist, physicians are scientists, providing objective information and delivering
technical solutions to patients with little or no consideration for patients’ preferences
or the choices that reflect their values and beliefs?
A.
* “engineering”
B.
“priestly”
C.
“collegial”
D.
“contractual”
E.
“informative”
235. In witch model, proposed by Robert Veatch, an American pioneer
bioethicist, physicians and patients are businessmen seeking to benefit from each
other through the relationship?
A.
“engineering”
B.
“priestly”
C.
“collegial”
D.
* “contractual”
E.
“informative”
236. In witch model, proposed by Robert Veatch, an American pioneer
bioethicist, physicians are scientists, providing objective information and delivering
technical solutions to patients with little or no consideration for patients’ preferences
or the choices that reflect their values and beliefs?
A.
* “engineering”
B.
“priestly”
C.
“collegial”
D.
“contractual”
E.
“informative”
237. In witch model, proposed by Robert Veatch, an American pioneer
bioethicist, physicians and patients are businessmen seeking to benefit from each
other through the relationship?
A.
“engineering”
B.
“priestly”
C.
“collegial”
D.
* “contractual”
E.
“informative”
238. Informed consent is important because
A.
* It enables the participant to understand vital information on the
proposed trial
B.
It provides the participant will all the information regarding remote risks
C.
It enables the investigator to recruit participants of his choice
D.
It promotes clinical research
E.
Correct answer absent
239. Informed consent refers to:
A.
Principle of autonomy
B.
Voluntary but uninformed decision-making
C.
* A voluntary decision to participate in research, by a competent
individual who has received and understood the necessary information
D.
Permission to participate in research
E.
Correct answer absent
240. Interference in the field of human health can be carried out:
A.
* on the basis of free, informed and informed consent of the patient
B.
on the basis of medical evidence
C.
based on the rarity of the disease picture and its educational value
D.
based on the requirements of relatives
E.
on the basis of financial gain
241. Interference in the human genome can be done in all of the above
purposes, except:
A.
* changes in the genome of germ cells
B.
prevention goals
C.
diagnostic purposes
D.
therapeutic purposes
E.
hirurgcheskih goals
242. Look for better ways to prevent disease in people who have never had the
disease or to prevent a disease from returning, such research is named
A.
Screening trials
B.
Diagnostic trials
C.
Treatment trials
D.
Compassionate use trials
E.
* Prevention trials
243. Medicine and Ethics brings together:
A.
* people like to study
B.
research methods
C.
mastery of techniques to overcome conflicts in human relations
D.
desire for knowledge of the mechanisms of human behavior and to
manage them
E.
focus on achieving financial well-being of human
244. Medicine is one of the following types of knowledge:
A.
science
B.
Humanitarian
C.
* Interdisciplinary
D.
economic
E.
cognitive
245. Mentally incompetent persons:
A.
cannot rely on proxies to give informed consent
B.
* should not participate in clinical research according the Nuremberg
Code
C.
should not participate in clinical research according to the Declaration of
Helsinki
D.
can only ethically participate in non-therapeutic research
E.
were the primary subject of controversy during the Tuskegee syphilis
study
246. Moral and ethical issues of Medical Genetics (Diagnosis, treatment,
prevention, prediction) are not relevant to:
A.
extremely patient
B.
interests of families and relatives of the patient
C.
offspring well-being and health of future generations
D.
quality of life
E.
* previous generations
247. Moral regulation of medical practice of law distinguishes:
A.
* freedom of choice act
B.
randomness of the motive of activity
C.
criminal impunity
D.
social approval
E.
availability of cash interest
248. Moral regulation of medical practice of law distinguishes:
A.
* freedom of choice act
B.
randomness of the motive of activity
C.
criminal impunity
D.
social approval
E.
availability of cash interest
249. Morality - a concept that defines:
A.
* the totality of the subjective reactions and forms of human behavior
B.
disposition to kindness and the ability of the rough with the hardships and
deprivations of everyday life
C.
of philosophy
D.
otklassifitsirovannye culture mores
E.
cultural-historical phenomenon such as the ability to assist another person
250. Most acceptable in paediatrics, psychiatry, by the геріатрії model of
interrelation of лікар-пацієнт after American біоетиком Robert Vitchem following
A.
Guardian
B.
* патерналістична
C.
collective
D.
engineer
E.
contract.
251. Name a clinical effect that arises up at the use of inert preparations for
persons, which are easily added suggestion?
A.
* Placebo effect
B.
Neurotic effect
C.
Paradoxical effect
D.
Medical effect
E.
Hypnotic effect
252. Natural experiments involve:
A.
. Collection of data from animal studies.
B.
. Collection of data from events that cannot usually be manipulated in the
laboratory.*
C.
. Observation studies.
D.
. Data to be collected from naturist centres.
E.
. Variable manipulation
253. Night on duty for a medical lab received the application. Due to the fact
that the child is bad, he was asked to study that he is not obliged to do so does not
serve as a laboratory department, which did the analysis. Laboratory, which serves
this office at night is not working. The analysis was delivered. What the doctor has
committed a moral act?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
254. Nihilism believes in
A.
* . Values *
B.
. rights
C.
. religion
D.
. nothing
E.
. all are correct
255. Often in the dermatological practice, a situation arises where a doctor
should decide on the authority of certain manipulations. When suspected melanoma
to a physician face a choice: take the skin for research or excised the entire affected
area. In the case of a fence biopsy your doctor may provoke a more rapid
development of tumors, causing harm to the patient, in the case of excision of all
lesions, and hearth in the diagnosis of the patient not to cause harm, because it is a
cosmetic defect. If a doctor is necessary to make a choice, the moral situation in
which he is?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
256. On Kant's view, the moral community is composed of:
A.
. all mammals.
B.
. exclusively people who actually follow the moral rules.
C.
* . only those who are capable of higher reasoning in terms of rules and
principles *
D.
. God, angels, and highly rational humans.
E.
. all members of the human species.
257.
Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing
purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals is definition of
A.
Clinical trials
B.
* vivisection
C.
Experiment
D.
Laparoskopiya
E.
Bioetika
258. Patient 48 years brought in serious condition in the surgical department
with a diagnosis of peritonitis spilled. In an emergency, was taken to the operating
and surgery. Agitated relatives waited for the operation. What is the moral dimension
was doing the doctor, after surgery when he began to speak of its value relative to the
patient?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
259. Patient H., 35-year-old hospitalized in the hospital with bleeding in
critical condition on the background running cancer. The patient's father was
relentless. The condition progressively deteriorated. Evening. End of working day.
Hospital closed to visitors. Father urges the doctor to allow him to stay with her son
at night. Physicians have to refuse in accordance with the Authority. At night the
patient died. The next morning the doctor could not look her father in the eye and he
had nothing to say a man who was unable to stay with her son until the last breath.Is
it possible to attribute this situation to the case?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
260. People who do not have medical insurance policy, often can not get help
in medical facilities. Physicians who assist such people, formally commit the offense.
How to ethically evaluate the actions of doctors?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral act, feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
261. Phase I trials are performed on next groups of healthy volunteers
A.
1-10
B.
3000-10 000
C.
20-300
D.
300-3000
E.
* 10-100
262. Phase II trials are performed on next groups of healthy volunteers
A.
1-10
B.
10-100
C.
* 20-300
D.
300-3000
E.
3000-10 000
263. Phase III trials are performed on next groups of healthy volunteers
A.
3000-10 000
B.
* 300-3000
C.
20-300
D.
10-100
E.
1-10
264. Physician clinics in order to hospitalize a patient with a diagnosis of
«right nizhnedolevaya pneumonia», which is cured on an outpatient basis is difficult,
forced, making the diagnosis, significantly overstate the gravity of his condition.This
is due to the fact that «Ambulance» not hospitalized patients diagnosed with
«pneumonia». With what moral situation encountered medical clinics,to cure the
patient?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral act,feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
265. Physician office requested the assistance of my colleague, with a request
to transfer a patient from his chambers in the chamber to a colleague. This is
seriously ill, for the treatment of which requires oxygen. Only in one chamber is for
the installation of oxygen and in this chamber is empty seat. In the House are
recovering patients who transfer a seriously ill (down) will worsen the atmosphere in
the House, may slow the healing and treatment of patients. Given all the
circumstances and the small chance of recovery seriously ill, the doctor agrees to
transfer to his chamber. Moral whether an act committed doctor, asking a colleague
for help?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
266. Plagiarism refers to which of the following?
A.
copying verbatim and without citing the source
B.
stealing the intellectual property of someone else without citing the source
C.
using the examples from another paper but mixing up the order so it is
unrecognisable
D.
* all of the above
267. Plato built his ethics on
A.
. Undertaking research to determine the efficacy of treatments and
interventions.
B.
. Undertaking research to compare the effectiveness of two different types
of treatment.
C.
. Undertaking research on clinical populations.
D.
. Undertaking research on healthy, non-clinical populations*
E.
. All of the above.
F.
. feelings *
G.
. laws
H.
. reason
I.
. service
J.
. all of above
268. Pregnant women in the 6 th month of pregnancy, complained of pain in
epigastriya, nausea, vomiting single. In the history of women in chronic gastritis.
Come to the doctor diagnosed aggravation of gastritis. Patient began receiving a
course protivoretsidivnoy therapy.Pain decreased. But after three days of a woman in
serious condition was hospitalized in a hospital with suspected acute appendicitis, a
local peritonitis. Surgical intervention was performed.In this case, the doctor did not
take into account that a large pregnancy enlarged uterus crowding up the gut and in
connection with the pain syndrome may be associated not only with pathology of the
upper floor of the abdominal cavity.As with the moral and ethical point of view can
be classified by a doctor doing this?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
269. Principle of equality of rights dominates in the next model of interrelation
of лікар-пацієнт, that is selected American біоетиком Robert Vitchem
A.
Guardian
B.
патерналістична
C.
* колегіальна
D.
engineer
E.
contract.
270. Prisoners are considered a vulnerable population for each of the following
reasons except for:
A.
the fact that their incarcerated status places them in unequal power
relationships
B.
the fact that prisoners are easily influenced by rewards and incentives
C.
* the fact that prisoners can never give informed consent under any
circumstances
D.
the fact that prisoners may have very options to distinguish themselves
from others
E.
the fact that prison guards may mistreat prisoners who do not choose to
participate in research studies
271. Providing health care is a form of expression:
A.
privileges for certain sectors of society
B.
* Charity and Social Justice
C.
economic interest of professionals
D.
market-oriented division of labor
E.
source of income
272. Qualitative methods involved which of the following:
A.
. Emphasising mathematical analyses of data.
B.
. Verbal analysis of data*.
C.
. Self analysis.
D.
. Group analysis.
E.
. All are correct
273. Quantitative methods enable one to:
A.
. Draw conclusions from studies on the basis of self report questionnaires.
B.
. Draw conclusions from studies on the basis of the size of cohort.
C.
. Draw conclusions from studies on the basis of observation of behaviour.
D.
. Draw conclusions from studies on the basis of statistical inference.*
E.
. None of above
274. Regional Perinatal Center provincial cities has by 4 ventilating machine.
Some machines are usually busy, and often a situation arises when the two are born
very preterm children in need of artificial ventilation of the lungs, and only one free
machine. In what situations is a doctor, when he is forced to choosea child to save?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
275. Research involving vulnerable populations must always:
A.
leave the participants better off than they were before
B.
address questions that cannot be answered by conducting research on
other, non-vulnerable populations
C.
follow local standards of care
D.
involve participants residing in developing world countries
E.
* secure informed consent (directly or by proxy) from research
participants
276. Research, intended for the receipt of test the best way to detect certain
diseases or health conditions, is named
A.
* Screening trials
B.
Randomized trials
C.
Controlled trials
D.
Opened trials
E.
Blind trials
277. Respect for privacy rights on the part of a treating physician:
A.
* preserve the secrecy of the state of his health
B.
compliance with the electoral law
C.
transfer of knowledge on the nature of his illness the patient's employer
D.
information on the health status of the patient's family members at their
request
E.
information on the health status of the patient's colleagues, at their request
278. S. Child, 6 years old. The diagnosis: hepatitis A, acute period. The mother
refuses hospitalization. The doctor gives the mother sick leave (by law for denial of
admission the physician has no right to access sick leave to care for a child).Is there a
moral dimension, the administrative offense?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
279. Schuklenk argues that:
A.
the answers to ethical questions should be determined by economic
criteria
B.
the ACTG 076 protocol is in fact ineffective
C.
in research on human participants, the interest of science and society
should always take precedence over considerations related to the well-being of the
subject
D.
the Tuskegee syphilis studies were morally unproblematic
E.
* local standards of care are in fact determined by prices set by drug
companies
280. Scientific misconduct refers to
A.
a researcher accidentally misquoting his or her data
B.
* fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or some other deviation from what
is commonly accepted by the scientific community
C.
failure to achieve expected results
D.
accidental failure to cite a source
E.
all of the above
281. Since the introduction of compulsory health insurance (MHI), people who
do not have for one reason or another insurance policy, can not receive treatment for
more than 3 days (if there is no life-threatening illness).In this regard, most homeless
people are not hospitalized in the hospitals, except in cases of emergency. However,
doctors are often out of a sense of compassion and pity for the man of hospitalized
patients (bypassing the job descriptions) and prolonged duration of hospitalization
until the time is more or less complete recovery of patient, advance knowledge of the
negative attitudes of superiors and formally violating the rules of medical care in the
CBOs. Whether the moral sense of compassion, pity and mercy on medical
professionalism?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
282. Some hospitals are licensed for the right to use in medical practice, drugs.
One day license ends. To restore it, it is necessary to collect a lot of additional
securities, signatures, etc. As a result, the formal hospital, which has, incidentally, the
status skoropomoschnoy in a few weeks, has no right to use drugs. However, the flow
of patients in need, for example, in the surgical treatment under general anesthesia,
does not decrease. And during these few weeks, in fact, illegal in hospital operations
with the use of drugs. In what moral situations were doctors?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
283. Sometimes, in practice there are situations where a doctor had to make a
choice between an attempt to help, not a specialist in this field, and not to provide it,
the principle of «no harm».For example, if a physician is not a surgeon, it usually
does not know how to perform tracheotomy (hole in the imposition of the trachea)
while plugging the upper respiratory tract. Lay the overlay tracheotomy may result in
damage of carotid arteries that lead to the death of the patient. In this situation, each
doctor is faced with a choice: either to try to make a tracheotomy may destroy the
patient inefficient action, or not to take this procedure as consigning a patient to die.
How to qualify for the ethics of this situation and whether it could be resolved
through the principle of «lesser evil choice»?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
284. Surgical department. The patient 80 years old with an accompanying
pathology diagnosed with operable gastric cancer. In such situations, the only method
of treatment - gastrektomiya. Such surgery is traumatic and is associated with high
operating anesthetic risk.How to evaluate the situation morally? If not operated
patients - is obviously a risk of adverse outcome, but doing gastrektomiyu - is to
condemn it to further suffering?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
285. Systematic study of action of medicinal preparation on a man – it is
A.
Treatment
B.
Laboratory experiment
C.
Toxicological experience
D.
* Clinical trials
E.
Clean (basic) researches
286. Test experimental treatments, new combinations of drugs, or new
approaches to surgery or radiation therapy is named
A.
Screening trials
B.
Diagnostic trials
C.
* Treatment trials
D.
Compassionate use trials
E.
Prevention trials
287. The ACTG 076 protocol:
A.
is the name of the short-course of zidovudine standardly available in
developing countries
B.
is 99% effective in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV
C.
involves an experimental microbicide
D.
* was the ‘best proven’ treatment for the prevention of mother to child
transmission of HIV in 1994
E.
was tested against placebo in clinical trials which took place in developing
countries in 1994
288. The child was in the Department of Pathology newborn with short bowel
syndrome (after resection of the rectum).He developed anemia, which requires no
emergency, but preferably, early transfusion erythrocyte mass. If your doctor aware
of hemolysis even when odnogruppnoy blood transfusion, as well as allergies and
viruses of various diseases, despite the fact that donors are carefully screened.
Because parents rarely came to the child, and call them to find it was not
possible,physician decided: overflowing erythrocytic mass, without their consent.
What type of moral action include deed doctor?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral act,feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
289. The clinical trial protocol describes all except
A.
the scientific rationale,
B.
objective(s),
C.
* history of clinical trials
D.
design, methodology,
E.
statistical considerations,
290. The criteria for determining the beginning of human life are: a) the
formation of fetal nerve tissue, and b) formation of the respiratory system of the
fetus, in) the first heartbeat, and d) the moral status of human embryos, which is
included in the moral relationship between people,d) the merger of the female and
male sex cells.
A.
and
B.
b
C.
in
D.
* g, d
E.
none of the above
291. The current version of the Declaration of Helsinki states that control arm
participants should (generally) receive:
A.
* the ‘best current’ treatment
B.
the ‘best proven’ treatment
C.
the ‘best locally available’ treatment
D.
‘no treatment’
E.
proven effective’ treatment
292. The Declaration of Helsinki is a document of:
A.
The American Medical Association
B.
The Helsinki Health Institution
C.
The World Health Organization
D.
* The World Medical Association
E.
The Federal Drug Administration
293. The deontological ethics requires that you never treat trial participant as a
mere means to your end. This does not mean that you can’t use people as trial
participants at all. However, it means that you must usually get:
A.
Approval from an ethics committee to do the research
B.
* The prospective participants un-coerced informed consent
C.
Some assurance that the utility (for society) generated by the research
outweighs the cost (for participants)
D.
Approval from the Health Department for your trial
E.
Approval from the Medical research Council for your trial
294. The department of anesthesiology and intensive care maternity home, as
always, lack of doctors. Head office in connection with the forced herself to do the
work for lack of doctors, while in the office almost around the clock. It came to light,
and survived more than one dozen children. Time and effort to raise their children
and improving their lives often do not leave. Is it possible to exploit the activities of a
doctor to call?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
295. The duty doctor, a cardiologist monitored the patients in the intensive care
unit. In an emergency, when there is no second doctor, cardiologist, he is carrying out
consultations during the night to the hospital. The department is extremely unstable
patient N.To which the physician is actively pursuing intensive therapy. At this time
the application is received to the consultation in another section. Waiver of
consultation - this may be lack of care of patients with acute cardiovascular disease.
On the other hand, the advice and assistance can take quite a long time, resulting in a
lack of doctors in kardioreanimatsionnom office and put the patient's life in jeopardy
N.. The doctor is making the stabilization of the patient N.and only then shall advise
and assist in other offices. How can we assess the moral situation in which the
doctor?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
296. The emergence of modern medical sexology connected:
A.
with moral and philosophical processes - the proliferation of ethical
nihilism, vulgar Freudianism, with the introduction of the ideology of human rights
B.
with the development of pharmaceutical industry (the era of contraception
and antibiotics)
C.
with scientific-technical revolution
D.
with the development of porn-and seksbizneza
E.
* with all of these factors
297. The ethical justification for homologous transplantation is determined by:
A.
species identity
B.
solidarity of belonging to the scientific and technical intelligentsia
C.
right to physical and psychological risk donor
D.
* free and informed consent of the donor
E.
the financial viability of the recipient
298. The ethical view that sets humans most distinctly apart from other animals
is the:
A.
care ethics
B.
utilitarian.
C.
nonobjectivsim.
D.
cultural relativism.
E.
* Kantian.
299. The external validity of an experiment means that:
A.
. Results have been obtained from cross cultural studies.
B.
. Experiments were performed in the open air.
C.
. Results are generalisable to other populations.*
D.
. Results are replicable.
E.
. Collection of data from events that cannot usually be manipulated in the
laboratory.
300. The following documents must be made available to the REC for review
prior to trial approval:
A.
trial protocol
B.
written informed consent forms
C.
* information on serious adverse events from the Data Safety and
Monitoring Board (F)
D.
declaration of conflict of interest of the researcher where appropriate
E.
participant recruitment procedures
301. The fundamental basis, forming the medical profession is:
A.
economic
B.
.cognitive (epistemological)
C.
* moral
D.
. economic
E.
Science
302. The historically first international guideline pertaining to research
involving human participants was the:
A.
Declaration of Helsinki
B.
Declaration of Japan
C.
* Nuremberg Code
D.
WHO Ethical Guideline
E.
Set of CIOMS Guidelines
303. The insolvency of the universality of the right doctor for perjury is
confirmed:
A.
contemporary socio-psychological studies (E. Kyubler - Ross)
B.
universal moral and ethical values
C.
negative social experiences of human behavior outside the moral norms
D.
* all the listed causes
E.
No proper Council of
304. The involvement of doctors in torture and corporal punishment of
prisoners and the use for the purpose of their knowledge can be justified:
A.
interests of a developing science
B.
community interest in obtaining the necessary information
C.
punishment for crimes
D.
* prohibited in all circumstances
E.
No proper Council of
305. The latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki explicitly states that:
A.
all participants involved in studies related to HIV should be provided with
HAART at the conclusion of the study
B.
those who become infected with HIV during the course of vaccine trials
should be provided with HAART at the conclusion of the study
C.
it is unnecessary to provide condoms and counseling to participants in
microbicide trials
D.
medical experiments are ethically justified so long as their results are
likely to benefit the world population
E.
* every patient entered into a study should be assured of access to the best
proven prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods identified by the study
306. The main feature of the professional ethics of the doctor is:
A.
the right of deviant behavior
B.
* conscious choice of moral principles and rules of conduct
C.
criminal liability for failure to comply with professional ethical standards
D.
absolute need to subordinate personal interests to corporate
E.
priority to the interests of medical science over the interests of a particular
patient
307. The main purpose of the professional activities of doctors are:
A.
* salvation and preservation of human life
B.
social trust in the medical profession
C.
Respect for colleagues
D.
material gain
E.
corporate interests
308. The median estimated from a sample:
A.
. the patients know which treatment they receive.
B.
. is close to the mean if the distribution is symmetrical.
C.
. is less than the mean if the distribution is positively skewed.
D.
* . is the most frequently occurring value.
E.
. is greater than or equal to at least 50% of the observations.
309. The median estimated from a sample:
A.
* . is always equal to an actual observation.
B.
. is close to the mean if the distribution is symmetrical.
C.
. is less than the mean if the distribution is positively skewed.
D.
. is greater than or equal to at least 50% of the observations.
E.
. All of above
310. The patient was assigned a drug restoring cardiac rhythm and heart rate
urezhayuschy (kordaron). Nurse mixed product and put the patient noradrenaline,
after which the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. After stabilization of the
doctor explained to the patient what happened, lied that it was an allergic reaction to
kordaron. How to evaluate physician performance in terms of common morality?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
* Moral crime
E.
Indifference
311. The problem of separation of Siamese twins in the world is still one of the
most difficult in medicine. No uniform approaches to the timing of the operation of
separation, not solved many problems of ethical nature. In most cases, vital organs
are common to both twins. And it is in the process of separation of Siamese twins are
often specified on the death of one of the patients. What is the moral situation arises
before the doctors, if they themselves to make this choice?
A.
Casus
B.
* Dilemma
C.
Moral act,feat
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
312. The purpose of double blinding in clinical trials is to:
A.
. Achieve comparability between study and control groups
B.
. Avoid observer bias
C.
. Avoid subject bias
D.
. Avoid observer and subject bias *
E.
. None of above
313. The ratio of good and evil lies in the fact that:
A.
* Good self-sufficient and samoznachimo
B.
goodness exists independently and separately from the evil
C.
evil self
D.
evil is the absence of good
E.
good and evil one and the same
314. The ratio of the overall teachings of ethical and professional nature of
biomedical ethics is:
A.
* regulatory
B.
defining
C.
informative
D.
there is no connection between them
E.
Researcher
315. The right doctor for perjury hospice may not be universal because of the
existence of:
A.
moral commandment 'Do not bear false witness "
B.
anthropological understanding of death as a stage of life
C.
variety of psycho-emotional characteristics of personality
D.
differences in the value-philosophical representations of people
E.
* for all the reasons
316. The standard deviation is:
A.
. a measure of variability.
B.
. the square root of the variance.
C.
* . twice the standard error.
D.
. in the same units as the observations.
E.
. None of above.
317. The standard deviation is:
A.
. a measure of variability.
B.
. the square root of the variance.
C.
. absent the standard error.
D.
. in the same units as the observations.
E.
* . half the range.
318. The two primary tasks of ethical reasoning are:
A.
To inform people about the legal situation and historical context as they
pertain to their work
B.
* To inform people about what they ought to be doing, and why they
should do it
C.
To ensure that people act ethically and within the boundaries of the law
D.
To ensure that researchers become good ethicists in their own right and do
the right thing by their trial participants
E.
To guarantee good clinical practice and application of sound clinical
methodology during biomedical research
319. The value of human life in the traditional Christian moral anthropology is
defined by:
A.
social situation
B.
mental and physical full value
C.
racial and national origin
D.
Financial
E.
* unique and inimitable personality
320. The World Medical Association ethical guidelines were first formulated
under the:
A.
the Nuremberg Code
B.
the CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research
C.
* the Declaration of Helsinki
D.
the Council of Trent
E.
the Tuskegee syphilis study
321. There are patient in the maternity ward with a diagnosis: pregnancy 30
weeks, the first, appendicitis, peritonitis spilled. The doctor decides to
chrevosechenie, caesarean section, appendectomy, rehabilitation and drainage of
abdominal cavity, with the organ-operation, ie to retain her uterus, because the first
pregnancy, the child nedonoshen. The operation is successful. A year later, the
woman came to the same maternity ward with a new pregnancy. What are the moral
beliefs guided the doctor in making decisions and in evaluating the ratio of risks and
benefits?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
322. To avoid experimenter bias, when neither the experimenter nor the
participant is aware of which group the participant is in, this is known as:
A.
. Null hypothesis.
B.
. Random assignment.
C.
. Variable manipulation.
D.
. Double blind.*
E.
. Natural experiment
323. To be considered an author, one must fulfil how many of the three
authorship criteria according to the ICMJE?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
*3
D.
4
E.
None
324. To show how the ideas of equality of justice and mercy are the two forms
of health care:
A.
Private (fee), medicine
B.
voluntary (private, commercial) health insurance
C.
forms of public insurance
D.
* national public health system and the mandatory (universal) health
insurance
E.
Social Institute of Health
325. Under what circumstances, if any, is secondary publication acceptable?
A.
if it is published in a different journal than the first publication
B.
* if the paper is intended for a different group of readers
C.
if no one will recognise the paper from its first publication
D.
if the author wishes to publish it again
326. Using medical knowledge to corporal punishment and torture creates
trends: a) serve the interests of medical science, and b) serve the interests of public
safety, c) the approval of the inhumane treatment of humans; d) depreciation of the
dignity of the physician and the medical community; d) the moral degradation of the
individual physician.
A.
a, b
B.
a, c, d
C.
c, d
D.
* c, d, e
E.
g, d
327. Utilitarianism emphasis
A.
* . Law *
B.
. right
C.
. consequences
D.
. motives
E.
. none of above
328. Veterinarian for removal of pain syndrome operated animals using drugs
ketamine, which was prohibited by law. As in this case, preferred veterinarian regulations or relieve the suffering of animals?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
C.Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
329. Violated principle of honour of rights and dignity of person in the next
model of interrelation of лікар-пацієнт, that is selected American біоетиком Robert
Vitchem
A.
Guardian
B.
патерналістична
C.
collective
D.
* engineer
E.
contract.
330. Vulnerable populations are those best characterised as:
A.
relatively poor persons
B.
persons experiencing emotional distress
C.
non-citizen residents of a foreign country
D.
* persons who stand in severely unequal power relationships with others
E.
persons who are mentally incompetent
331. Well this is all listed, except:
A.
ability and willingness to help fellow
B.
benefit, which is valuable and meaningful in itself
C.
Individual Health
D.
that is opposite to the evil
E.
* unattainable ideal
332. What are some of the hindrances to achieving genuine informed consent
internationally and in South Africa?
A.
* Poverty, illiteracy and implicit forms of coercion
B.
Disease burden, forgetfulness and cultural barriers
C.
Language barriers, confusion and lack of capacity to consent
D.
Incentives, situational pressure and health care professionals’
E.
assumed beneficence
333. What gives ethical validity to the procurement informed consent?
A.
Detailed documentation of the process
B.
Capacity of the participant to consent
C.
Quality of the disclosed information
D.
* Quality of the interaction between the prospective participant and the
recruiting physician/investigator
E.
Correct answer absent
334. What is placebo?
A.
Wonderful medicine
B.
Universal medications
C.
False medications
D.
* fake treatment
E.
harmless pill
335. What is the name of an effect that occurs when an experimental group
gets better simply because they are being giving a pill and this leads them to expect to
get better?
A.
. The domino effect.
B.
. The butterfly effect.
C.
. The placebo effect.*
D.
. The expectancy effect.
E.
. The mystery effect
336. What model of interrelation of doctor-patient, that is selected
American bioethic Robert Vitchem in the structure of grant of medicare a population
occupies an insignificant place
A.
Guardian
B.
патерналістична
C.
collective
D.
engineer
E.
* contract.
337. What one of the next is strength of collegial model?
A.
Emphasizes doctor's knowledge and expertise
B.
Respects patient's autonomy
C.
* Emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making
D.
The values and rights of the doctor and those of the patient are equally
important.
E.
All are true.
338. What one of the next is strength of contractual model?
A.
Emphasizes doctor's knowledge and expertise
B.
Respects patient's autonomy
C.
Emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making
D.
* The values and rights of the doctor and those of the patient are equally
important.
E.
All are true.
339. What one of the next is strength of engineering model?
A.
Emphasizes doctor's knowledge and expertise
B.
* Respects patient's autonomy
C.
Emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making
D.
The values and rights of the doctor and those of the patient are equally
important.
E.
All are true.
340. What one of the next is strength of priestly model?
A.
Respects patient's autonomy
B.
Emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making
C.
* Emphasizes doctor's knowledge and expertise
D.
The values and rights of the doctor and those of the patient are equally
important.
E.
All are true.
341. What one of the next is weakness of collegial model?
A.
Ignores the autonomy of the patient
B.
Doctor may be asked to perform actions with which he does not agree
C.
* Doctor’s knowledge outweigh that of the patient
D.
Does not encourage a trusting relationship between the doctor and the
patient; it is too legalistic.
E.
All are false.
342. What one of the next is weakness of contractual model?
A.
Ignores the autonomy of the patient
B.
Doctor may be asked to perform actions with which he does not agree
C.
Doctor’s knowledge outweigh that of the patient
D.
* Does not encourage a trusting relationship between the doctor and the
patient; it is too legalistic.
E.
All are false.
343. What one of the next is weakness of engineering model?
A.
Ignores the autonomy of the patient
B.
* Doctor may be asked to perform actions with which he does not agree
C.
Doctor’s knowledge outweigh that of the patient
D.
Does not encourage a trusting relationship between the doctor and the
patient; it is too legalistic.
E.
All are false.
344. What one of the next is weakness of priestly model?
A.
* Ignores the autonomy of the patient
B.
Doctor may be asked to perform actions with which he does not agree
C.
Doctor’s knowledge outweigh that of the patient
D.
Does not encourage a trusting relationship between the doctor and the
patient; it is too legalistic.
E.
All are false.
345. What role does a community/local leader’s authorization play in the
recruitment of participants?
A.
It gives the proposed trial ethical validity
B.
* It fosters respect for the local customs and expectations
C.
It ensures that the community members volunteer in large numbers
D.
It plays no role
E.
all of the above
346. When conducting clinical research involving impoverished persons of
developing world countries, perverse incentives must often be balanced against:
A.
placebo arms of clinical trials
B.
the need for more money in local communities
C.
absolute standards of care
D.
* cultural attitudes toward reciprocity
E.
the propensity of incentives to unduly influence decision making and pre-
empt informed consent
347. When does a community leader’s authorisation of participants’
recruitment replace an individual participant’s consent?
A.
* Never
B.
When the community’s interests are at stake
C.
When the proposed trial is likely to benefit the community
D.
Always
E.
Correct answer absent
348. When is active deception of prospective participants necessary?
A.
* Never
B.
When no other research method suffices
C.
When deemed indispensable
D.
For security reasons
E.
Always
349. When is assent mandatory in procuring informed consent?
A.
When the prospective participant is a minor
B.
When the prospective participant is unconscious
C.
When the prospective participant has a mental disability
D.
* When the prospective participant is a mature minor who is capable of
making appropriate decisions about trial participation
E.
Never
350. When purulent inflammation of the uterus with the appendages of one
side of the gynecological patients under existing rules should be amended to remove
the uterus and appendages tubal ligation with one and other, even though it
apparently is not changed, because of the possibility of relapse. The doctor doing the
operation and, given the young age of the patient and the desire to continue to have
children, limited to removal of modified appendages. Later the patient was recovering
and self pregnant. What are the ethical principles of medical help in the selection of
treatment?
A.
* Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference
351. Which of the following are susceptible to conflicts of interest?
A.
authors
B.
researchers
C.
editors
D.
* all of the above
E.
none of the above
352. Which of the following is not one of the necessary conditions for
authorship as given in the Vancouver Guidelines of the ICMJE?
A.
substantial contribution to conception and design, or acquisition of data,
or analysis and interpretations of data
B.
* acquisition of essential funding required to undertake the research
C.
drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual
content
D.
final approval of the version to be published
353. Which of the following scenarios is likely lead to generate conflicts of
interest?
A.
recruitment of researchers by a university
B.
recruitment of researchers by a medical journal
C.
* recruitment of researchers by a drug company
D.
government recruitment of researchers
E.
all of the above
354. Which of the following scenarios may lead to role confusion in participant
recruitment?
A.
Recruitment by community leaders
B.
Recruitment by a trial investigator
C.
Recruitment by the participants’ relations
D.
* Recruitment by an investigator who is also a physician who has been
providing medical care to the prospective participant
E.
all of the above
355. Which of the following would occur in a longitudinal study?
A.
Measures are taken from different participants over an extended period of
B.
Participation is expected to last for a minimum of 24 hours.
time.
C.
Measures are taken from the same participants on different occasions
usually over extended periods of time.*
D.
Measures are taken from participants in at least six different countries.
E.
None of above
356. Which of the principles is the basis for the practice of ”informed
consent”?
A.
. Beneficence
B.
* . Autonomy
C.
. Justice
D.
. Fidelity
E.
. Non-maleficence
357. Which one of next document includes such principles “The voluntary
consent of the human subject is absolutely essential”?
A.
* Nuremberg Code
B.
Declaration of Helsinki
C.
Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
D.
Constitutions
E.
Hippocratic Oath
358. Which one of the next documents was accepted that the interests of
human beings must come before the interests of science or society?
A.
Nuremberg Code
B.
Declaration of Helsinki
C.
* Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
D.
Constitution
E.
Hippocratic Oath,
359. Which one of the next phase includes trials designed to assess the safety
(pharmacovigilance), tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a
drug
A.
first phase of clinical trials
B.
* second phase of clinical trials
C.
third phase of clinical trials
D.
fourth phase of clinical trials
E.
In any phase of clinical trials
360. Which set does not represent vital elements of informed consent?
A.
Capacity to consent; voluntary decision to participate; adequate
comprehension of the provided information
B.
* Ability to withdraw from the trial without reprisals; full comprehension
of the provided information; documentation of informed consent
C.
Full disclosure of relevant information; capacity to consent; voluntary
decision to participate
D.
Adequate comprehension of the provided information; capacity to
consent; voluntary decision to withdraw from the trial at any stage
E.
Correct answer absent
361. Which set of the following information need not be disclosed to a
prospective participant to procure informed consent?
A.
* All the possible risks associated with participation; possibility of active
deception by the investigators; confirmation that the study has an ethics review
committee’s approval
B.
That the study involves research; sources of funding; anticipated benefits
and potential risks
C.
The discomfort that may be associated with participation; the right to
withdraw from participation at any stage without reprisals; institutional affiliations of
the researcher
D.
Aims of the trial; methods to be used in the trial; possible conflicts of
interest
E.
Correct answer absent
362. Who cannot consent to trial participation in South Africa?
A.
Healthy but poverty stricken volunteers
B.
* Healthy volunteers below the age of 18
C.
Mentally stable but sick adults
D.
Medical students
E.
all of the above
363. Who gives consent in cases of minors who have no parents or guardians?
A.
Consent can be waived, as it is not necessary
B.
* Nobody
C.
A social worker
D.
Legal guardians
E.
all of the above
364. Who one of the following was "Father of vivisection" ?
A.
* Claudius Galen.
B.
Hippocrates
C.
Avitsena
D.
Paratsel's
E.
Leonardo Da Vinci
365. You have come across several ethical approaches to problem solving in
this module. One of those approaches has been the most influential in the history of
medicine. Was it a:
A.
Utilitarian ethical approach
B.
* Deontological ethical approach
C.
Virtue ethical approach
D.
Legal approach
E.
Categorical ethical approach
366. Young women who are concerned about recurrent pain, had to be
examined in the clinic. After a superficial study that includes only an overview X-ray
of abdomen, the doctor peremptorily put diagnosis: cancer of the right kidney.
Woman in the six months to think and prepare themselves to death. In critical
condition, she got in another clinic. On passing the head of the department allowed
himself to doubt the diagnosis. Following a painstaking, complex research, attracted
more professionals, after many hours of interviews with the patient, the doctor
convinced her that the initial diagnosis is fundamentally wrong and is due to the lack
of research and incorrect interpretation of the scarce data What a sick back to a full
existence. Is there a moral sense (and what?) Professional failure of the first
physician and the second act?
A.
Casus
B.
Dilemma
C.
* Moral deed, deed
D.
Moral crime
E.
Indifference