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Transcript
Exercise 4: Kirchoff’s Current and Voltage Laws
Names: ___________________________________
(Include the names of all team members participating in this exercise.)
Kirchoff’s Current Law is a statement of the conservation of current. For the picture on the
right, it implies that i1=i2+i3. In other words, the sum of the currents at any node must be
zero.
As you know, you can add electrical load to a circuit in two ways. The first is to
serially connect the loads end-to-end as we have done in previous exercises:
The second is to connect the loads in parallel:
Electrical circuits consist of some combination of these two circuit types. In this exercise, you will
investigate what happens when you put loads in parallel.
Create the following circuit on your breadboard:
Verify the resistance rating of each resistor
that you use (be sure to include unites with
all measurements and calculations):
R1:______________
R2:______________
There are many possible breadboard implementations of the above circuit. Here is an image of one possible
implementation.
Questions:
1. Measure the voltage drop V1 across R1. Record the value of V1 below. Now measure V2 across R2
and record that value.
V1:______________
V2:______________
2. Knowing that voltage drop across each resistor is the same and equal to the source voltage, use Ohm’s
law to calculate the current flow through the circuit at the points indicated as A and B above. Enter your
calculated values in the table under step 4. Show your calculations.
3. Knowing Kirchoff’s current law, what must the current at Point C be? Enter your calculated values in
the table below. Show your calculations.
4. Measure these values to verify your calculations
Measured current
Point A
Calculated current
Point B
Point C
5. Use Ohm’s law again to calculate the equivalent resistance for the entire circuit:
R

V/I
. Show your work below. Note that for 2 resistors in parallel, the equivalent
Tot Tot
equivalent
resistance can be stated as follows:
x

R
R
R
R
R
equiv
.
1
2
1
2
6. The general form of the rule for equivalent parallel resistance is:
1
R 1 1 1 1.
  
...

R
R
R R
equivalent
1
2
3
n
Place another resistor in parallel in your circuit and calculate the equivalent resistance; show your
calculations below. NOTE: The equivalent resistance in parallel will always be less than any of the
individual resistances.
R1:______________
R3:______________
R2:______________
Requivalent:______________
7. Measure and record the total current in the new circuit created in problem 6
above_____________________. Use this value in Ohm’s law to verify your calculation of R equivalent (i.e.,
R

V/I
). Show your calculations below.
Tot Tot
equivalent