Download Study Guide Unit Meteorology Test

Review Guide For Earth Motions
1. Calculate zenith angle, solar angle and surface area.
a. It is June 20th. You live at 60oN.
b. It is Dec. 20th. You live at 66.5oN.
c. It is March 20th. You live at 50oN.
d. It is Sept. 22. You live at 6oS.
2. Use a protractor and ruler to diagram zenith angle, solar angle, and surface area.
3.What is the difference between rotation and revolution?
4. Describe the characteristics of winter/ summer solstice and fall/spring equinoxes.
5. Analyze charts and diagrams relating to earth motions.
6. Explain the reasons for seasons.
History of Astronomy
1. Define- retrograde motion, astronomy, heliocentric, geocentric, apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude, declination,
astronomical unit
2. Know the contributions of the following scientist- Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Aristarchus, Hipparchus
3. Distinguish between wavelength and frequency and know the radiation associated with the high and low end of the spectrum
4. Calculate orbital period, AU and p2/a3 (Kepler’s constant)
5. A. What is the difference between heliocentric and geocentric?
B. Why were both models good models of the solar system?
6. Why was the heliocentric model not accepted by more astronomers?
7. What were the components of Ptolemy’s model?
8. How was Copernicus’ model more accurate and how was it still deficient?
9. Which model of the solar system did Tycho Brahe support? What did his model look like?
10. What was the contribution of each of the late astronomers?
Tools of Astronomy
1.
Figure 1
Look at figure 1 . The figure at the top is a star. The 10
figures below are possible elements in the star. List all
elements present in the star.
2.
Which is brighter, a -9 magnitude star or a +10
magnitude star? Explain your answer.
3. A. What are the 7 spectral classes B. How do they relate
to the temperature and color of a star.
4. Analyze an H-R diagram (figure 2):
a. What is the placement of a star that is hot and bright?
b. What is the placement of a star that is cool and bright?
c. What is the placement of a star that is hot and moderate
temperature?
5. Distinguish among types of electromagnetic radiation.
A. Which forms of light has the highest and lowest
frequencies and wavelengths?
B. Which forms of visible light has the highest and lowest
frequencies and wavelengths?
6. Describe characteristic in common with all types of
electromagnetic radiation.
7. a. What type of lens is used in telescopes? B. What is the
difference between an objective lens and an eyepiece lens?
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8. Compare and contrast telescopes and spectroscopes.
9. Distinguish between refracting and reflecting telescopes.
10. A. Distinguish among the units of space measurement AU, Kilometers, light year.
B. Which units are most and least helpful for distances in the Solar system? Explain your reasoning.
11. A. List AND Explain the steps of stellar evolution. B. List the type of fuel associated with each step. C. List the sequence of
evolution for high and low mass stars.
12. List, in order, the steps of hydrogen fusion.
Figure 2
13. Compare and contrast the planets.
a. What are the largest and smallest planets.
b. Which planets have the longest and shortest periods of rotation?
c. Which planets are most and least dense?
d. Which planets have no moons, have two or fewer moons, have
more than 10 moons.
e. List a major feature of each planet.
14. Calculate and make a scale model of the solar system. What is the scale distance of a planet 9.54AU from the Sun if the scale is 2
AU per 4 cm?
15. Pollox is a red star. In this star 3 Helium are converted to 1 Carbon. If Helium has an atomic mass of 4.003 and Carbon has an
atomic mass of 12.00…
A. How much mass is converted to energy during Helium fusion? Show your work
B. How many watts of energy is produced?
SHOW YOUR WORK
Formula- E=mc2 (hint- c = speed of light 300,000km/sec)
figure 3
16. What is the difference between, bright line spectra, absorption
spectra, and continuous spectra?
17. Make a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the Big Bang and
steady state theories.
18. What is a nebula, what is a nebula composed of, and what are the
percentages of each component?
19. What causes the temperature of a star to increase?
20. What fuel is being burnt in a main sequence star, what fuel is being
produced?
21. How is star size related to length of life cycle?
22. Use figure 3 to answer the following
a. Compare the temperature and brightness of Mira to Rigel.
b. Compare the temperature and brightness of Procyon B to Procyon A.
c. Compare the temperature and brightness of Achernar to Almach.
23. Why can our star not become a supergiant?
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Meteorology Test
Study Guide For Meteorology Test – This guide in no way represents all items on the test.
1. a. List and describe the 3 main types of energy transfer.
b. Give an illustration of each type of energy transfer.
2. List the layers of the atmosphere.
a. What happens to the temp. in each layer as altitude increases.
b. What are the main features of each layer?
3. List the instrument and unit for each of the following:
Temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure.
4. In order for convection currents to occur, conduction must occur 1st. Why is this so?
5. How does the mass of the atmosphere change as altitude increases?
6.. Convert the following
a. 45oC to oF
b. 30oC to oF
c. 45oF to oC
7.. Is evaporation a heating or cooling process?
8. What is the relationship between temperature and evaporation rate?
9. Describe each cloud type; state whether it has vertical or horizontal development and whether it forms in and the weather associated
with each.
10.. List and describe the 6 main types of precipitation.
11. Compare and contrast sleet and freezing rain.
12. What is the term for water below the freezing point but still in liquid form?
Figure 1
13. Look figure 1
A. Estimate the temperature at 6 AM.
B. Estimate the relative humidity at 6AM
C. Explain why relative humisity might be highest at 6AM
D. When is relative hunisity lowest?
E. How does humisity vary relative to temperatue?
14. Using the Relative humidity table below (figure 2), calculate
the relative humidity of the following:
a. Dry bulb= 16oC wet bulb = 10o C
a. Relative humidity is 86% and the dry bulb is 30o C what is the
wet bulb temperature?
15. Calculate the relative humidity if the specific humidity is 17
g/kg and the capacity is 43 g/kg
16. The surface temperature is 45oC and the dew point is 21oC.
a. By how many degrees does the temperature have to change to
be at the dew point.
b. If the temperature changes 1o C for every 100m. At how many meters will clouds form?
17. What conditions are required for:
a. Freezing rain to form
b. Clouds to form
c. How are the requirements for clouds and freezing rain the same?
18. Review the water cycle. What are 15 features of the water cycle?
19. Read the paragraph below.
a) List each instance of heat transfer BE SPECIFIC,
b) List the type of heat transfer being described.
c. Explain why the energy transfer you chose fits into that category.
Ms. Guthrie and Dr. Harman go on a camping trip to Yellowstone National Park. Ms. Guthrie, with the survival skills she learned at
career day, rubs two sticks together and starts a fire. Dr. Harman puts a percolator into the fire and makes a pot of coffee. The two of
them sit on the bluff and watch the sunrise holding the coffee cups between their palms to help their hands stay warm. They continue
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to sit on the bluff and read books for most of the afternoon. By 2:00 PM Dr. Harman has a nasty sunburn. That night Dr. Harman and
Ms. Guthrie roast marshmallows on the fire.
Figure 2
20. Look at figure 3. What is the wind chill when the
temperature is -20oF and the wind speed is 30 mph?
Figure 3
Severe Weather Test
1. Define the following:
a. Pressure gradient
b. Barometer
c. Wind vane
d. Anemometer
e. Isobar
2. a. Draw and label a set of isobars to represent low pressure
b. Draw and label a set of isobars to represent high pressure
c. What is your contour interval?
d. Draw an arrow to show the direction of air movement
e. Draw a set of isobars to represent very fast winds.
3. Draw and label the pressure and wind belts. Show the
direction of air movement and whether the air is rising or
sinking. Be sure to label the latitudes.
4. On the figure 1, label the pressure and wind belts. Be sure to label the latitudes.
5. Why can an umbrella salesman in India take long vacations in the winter? How does air pressure over India affect umbrella sales?
6. List and describe the 5 main types of air masses. Be sure to include the source regions.
7. Define front. List the 4 types of fronts and draw their symbol and describe the weather associated with each.
8. What is the major source of precipitation in the US?
9. Sketch warm and cold fronts. Include in your picture: precipitation type, temperature before and after the front, cloud type, cloud
development (horizontal or vertical)
10. Why is more violent weather associated with a cold front?
11. What clouds types are associated with a warm front and a cold front?
12. What type of weather is associated with a cyclone? In what direction does the air move?
13. Which has more of an effect on weather a fast or slow
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moving air mass, explain your reasoning?
14. Refer to the diagram to answer the following.
a. What type of front is at point B?
b. Describe the clouds and precipitation and temperature, and pressure at B.
c. What type of front is at point D?
d. Describe the clouds and precipitation and temperature and pressure at D.
e. Describe the clouds and precipitation and temperature and pressure at E.
f. Which area are tornadoes most likely to for. Explain
g. What is the approximate pressure at point B?
15. What types of clouds are associated with thunderstorms?
16. Draw a station model for the following:
In Tampa, there is 100% cloud cover with winds from the East at 65 knots. The temperature is 89 oF and the dew point is 88o F. The
pressure is 1007mb and there are heavy rain showers in the area.
17. Does # 16 represent high or low pressure, how do you know?
Define the following terms:
18. Tornado alley, waterspout, wall cloud, eye wall, Tornado watch, tornado warning, Saffir-Simpson scale, Fujita scale, tropical
storm, tropical depression, spiral rain bands (feeder bands) eye, Funnel cloud, hurricane watch, storm surge, Hurricane warning
19. Sequence for hurricane development and wind speeds in knots associated with them.
20. Conditions for hurricane development
21. When is tornado season for Alabama?
22. Where does Alabama rank in terms of # of tornadoes each year
23. On the fujita scale, what is the classification of a tornado when mobile homes are overturned?
24. On the fujita scale, what is the classification of a tornado when missile are generated?
25. On the fujita scale, what is the classification of a tornado with devastating damage?
26. What hurricane formed in 1992 and had 30 billion dollars in damage?
27. Worst places to seek shelter in a tornado
28. Use your weather chart to determine the trends in weather and associate trends to pressure.
29. what is the difference between a land and sea breeze?
30. At what water temp do hurricanes form?
31. What type of clouds form in thunderstorms?
32. What causes most hurricane deaths/damage?
33. What is the relationship between pressure gradient and winds? Calculate a pressure gradient to determine speed of winds
34. Does Hollywood depict science accurately? Using specific example, support your answer.
35. Describe the three ways that air can be forced to rise to form clouds and precipitation.
36. A meteorology set up a small weather station outside of school. It has a few simple instruments: a thermometer, a barometer, a
rain gauge to measure rainfall, and a pychrometer. The students took measurements with the instruments once a day for a week. They
then filled in the chart below. The barometer broke, so they were not able to finish collecting air pressure data. Use figure 2 and what
you know about weather, to answer the following questions.
a. A cold front passed through the student’s city during the week. On which day did the front pass through? Give two reasons to
support your answer.
b. The students did not record cloud cover data. If they had, what would their observations have been as the front arrived?
c. If the students’ barometer had continued to work, would the air pressure reading for Wednesday have been higher or lower than the
one for Tuesday, when the weather was clear? Support your answer.
d. Given the relative humidity on Thursday, would you expect clear or cloudy skies? Why?
e. Using the terms specific humidity and capacity, describe the relationship between the two on Wednesday.
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Figure 1
Figure 3
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Figure 2