Download Human Blood Types

Human Blood Types
• A person’s blood type is controlled by the
genes they inherit from their parents.
• The combination of genes inherited
controls what protein/antigens are found
on a person’s red blood cells.
• There are four different genes that control
what blood type a person has.
• Gene A
• Gene B
Chromosome 9
• Gene O
• Gene Rh
Chromosome 1
• These 4 genes code for 3 different
proteins/antigens.
• Gene A codes for the A antigen
• Gene B codes for the B antigen
• Gene O codes for no antigen (zero)
• Gene Rh codes for the Rh antigen
• The presence or absence of these
antigens determine which of the 8 different
blood types a person has inherited.
• A+
• Has the A and Rh antigens
• A• Has the A antigen
• B+
• Has the B and Rh antigens
• B• Has the B antigen
• AB+
• Has the A, B and Rh antigens
• AB• Has the A and B antigens
• O+
• Has the Rh antigen
• O• Has no antigens.
• What blood type is known as
the universal donor and why?
• O• Has no antigens so there is nothing for
the recipient to reject.
• What blood type is known as
the universal recipient and why?
• AB+
• Has all three antigens so no matter
what blood they receive they will
recognize and accept it.
Agglutination:
• When two different blood types mix and
they contain different antigens, the blood
will clump or agglutinate.
• Can A+ blood (A and Rh antigen) be
transfused into a person with B+ blood (B
and Rh antigen)?
Phenotypes and Genotypes:
• A blood
• AA or AO
• B blood
• BB or BO
• O blood
• OO
• AB blood
• AB
Rh+ blood
Blood with Rh antigen
Rh- blood
Blood with no Rh antigen
Rh + is dominant over RhRh+ and Rh+
= Rh+ blood
Rh+ and Rh-
= Rh+ blood
Rh- and Rh= Rh- blood
• Lets start simple:
• Cross a women with AA blood with a man
with AB blood. What would be the genotypic
and phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
• A little more challenging…..
• Cross a women with AB- blood with a
man who as OO+ blood. Determine
both the genotypic and phenotypic
ratios of the offspring.