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HIV and AIDS People with HIV/AIDS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDBdjFM FOGo HIV • Human immunodeficiency virus: is a pathogen that destroys infection-fighting T cells in the body. • HIV enters the body – attaches to a molecule called CD4 on helper T cells • HIV then takes control of the helper T cells and reproduces more HIV. It attacks and takes control of the helper T cells. Signs of HIV • • • • Flu-like symptoms Fever Sore throat Night sweats, etc. HIV Transmission • Having sexual contact with an infected person. Exposed blood vessels in small cuts or tiny cracks in mucous membranes. – Male to male – Male to female – Female to male – Female to female How HIV is not Transmitted • • • • • • • • • Closed mouth kissing Hugging Touching Coughing or sneezing Shared towels Being bitten by insects Donating blood Swimming in a pool Using sports equipment Opportunistic Infection: infection that develops in a person with a weak immune system. • Thrush: fungal infection of the tongue and mouth. • Oral hairy leukoplakia: infection with fuzzy white patches on the tongue. • Pneumonia (PCP): form of pneumonia • Tuberculosis: bacterial infection of the lungs • Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Type of cancer, purplish lesions and tumors on the skin and linings of the internal organs. Kaposi’s Sarcoma Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Thrush Tuberculosis Opportunistic Infection (cont.) • AIDS Dementia Complex: loss of brain function. • HIV Wasting Syndrome: loss of body weight. • Half of all people infected with HIV have developed AIDS within ten years. • AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): a person infected with HIV who has 200 or fewer helper T cells per microliter of blood or an opportunistic infection. Increase Risk • Having multiple sex partners • Having sex with a prostitute • Having other sexually transmitted diseases – Injection equipment – Tattoos and body piercing – Contact with blood or other body fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin – Blood Transfusion – Tissue Transplant (organ donation) – Born to a mother infected with HIV HIV Testing • HIV antibody test: HIV enters the body, the immune system responds • Test detects HIV antibodies in the blood • Show up within 3 to 6 months of infection • ELISA: blood test • Western blot: confirm an ELISA test HIV Testing (cont.) • Home collection kit for HIV testing: blood sample at home • HIV positive: HIV antibodies present in the blood • HIV negative: Does not have antibodies Treatment • DDI: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies. • AZT: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies. • Protease Inhibitors: antiviral drugs that decrease the amount of HIV in the blood and increase the helper T cell count. Stats • About 1.2 million people in the United States were living with HIV at the end of 2011, the most recent year this information was available. Of those people, about 14% do not know they are infected. • Worldwide, there were about 2.1 million new cases of HIV in 2013. About 35 million people are living with HIV around the world. • An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 39 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic began. SubSaharan Africa bears the biggest burden of HIV/AIDS, with almost 70% of the global total of new HIV infections for 2013. Stats • Males accounted for 74% of the population living with HIV. • The largest population living with HIV (45%) comprised men who have sex with men (MSM), followed by persons infected through high-risk heterosexual contact (27%), those infected through injection drug use (22%), and those who were exposed through both male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use (5%). • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqxu3jjh 3LE