Download HIV and AIDS

HIV and AIDS
People with HIV/AIDS
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDBdjFM
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HIV
• Human immunodeficiency virus: is a pathogen
that destroys infection-fighting T cells in the
body.
• HIV enters the body – attaches to a molecule
called CD4 on helper T cells
• HIV then takes control of the helper T cells
and reproduces more HIV. It attacks and takes
control of the helper T cells.
Signs of HIV
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Flu-like symptoms
Fever
Sore throat
Night sweats, etc.
HIV Transmission
• Having sexual contact with an infected person.
Exposed blood vessels in small cuts or tiny
cracks in mucous membranes.
– Male to male
– Male to female
– Female to male
– Female to female
How HIV is not Transmitted
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Closed mouth kissing
Hugging
Touching
Coughing or sneezing
Shared towels
Being bitten by insects
Donating blood
Swimming in a pool
Using sports equipment
Opportunistic Infection: infection that develops
in a person with a weak immune system.
• Thrush: fungal infection of the tongue and mouth.
• Oral hairy leukoplakia: infection with fuzzy white
patches on the tongue.
• Pneumonia (PCP): form of pneumonia
• Tuberculosis: bacterial infection of the lungs
• Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): Type of cancer, purplish
lesions and tumors on the skin and linings of the
internal organs.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Thrush
Tuberculosis
Opportunistic Infection (cont.)
• AIDS Dementia
Complex: loss of brain
function.
• HIV Wasting Syndrome:
loss of body weight.
• Half of all people infected with HIV have
developed AIDS within ten years.
• AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome):
a person infected with HIV who has 200 or
fewer helper T cells per microliter of blood or
an opportunistic infection.
Increase Risk
• Having multiple sex partners
• Having sex with a prostitute
• Having other sexually transmitted diseases
– Injection equipment
– Tattoos and body piercing
– Contact with blood or other body fluids, mucous
membranes, or broken skin
– Blood Transfusion
– Tissue Transplant (organ donation)
– Born to a mother infected with HIV
HIV Testing
• HIV antibody test: HIV enters the body, the
immune system responds
• Test detects HIV antibodies in the blood
• Show up within 3 to 6 months of infection
• ELISA: blood test
• Western blot: confirm an ELISA test
HIV Testing (cont.)
• Home collection kit for HIV testing: blood
sample at home
• HIV positive: HIV antibodies present in the
blood
• HIV negative: Does not have antibodies
Treatment
• DDI: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies.
• AZT: slows down rate at which HIV multiplies.
• Protease Inhibitors: antiviral drugs that
decrease the amount of HIV in the blood and
increase the helper T cell count.
Stats
• About 1.2 million people in the United States were living with
HIV at the end of 2011, the most recent year this information
was available. Of those people, about 14% do not know they
are infected.
• Worldwide, there were about 2.1 million new cases of HIV in
2013. About 35 million people are living with HIV around the
world.
• An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related
illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 39 million people with
AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic began. SubSaharan Africa bears the biggest burden of HIV/AIDS, with
almost 70% of the global total of new HIV infections for 2013.
Stats
• Males accounted for 74% of the population living
with HIV.
• The largest population living with HIV (45%)
comprised men who have sex with men (MSM),
followed by persons infected through high-risk
heterosexual contact (27%), those infected through
injection drug use (22%), and those who were
exposed through both male-to-male sexual contact
and injection drug use (5%).
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqxu3jjh
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