Download The Vietnam War and Changing US Policies Review

The Vietnam War and Changing U.S. Policies Review
US History/E. Napp
Name: __________________
Activity 1: Matching
1. Vietnam had been ______ into a Communist
north and a non-Communist south during the
early years of the Cold War. When a civil war
broke out, Eisenhower sent U.S. military
advisers to help train South Vietnamese soldiers.
2. When Kennedy became president in 1961, he
continued to support ______ Vietnam. Hoping
to prevent a Communist takeover, he increased
the number of U.S. military advisers from 2,000
in 1961 to 16,000 in 1963.
3. In 1964, President Johnson concluded that
South Vietnam’s government was in danger of
losing control of the country to the ____ - South
Vietnamese Communist guerrillas who had
strong support from the North Vietnamese
government. Johnson believed that the use of
U.S. troops would stop the spread of
communism in South Vietnam and the rest of
Southeast Asia (“Domino Theory”).
4. In August 1964, two U.S. ships reported that
they had been attacked by North Vietnamese
gunboats in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of
North Vietnam. Johnson asked Congress for a
resolution increasing military aid to South
Vietnam. Congress approved the _________.
5. As more young Americans were _____ and
sent to fight in Vietnam, many college students
questioned Johnson’s war policy.
6. By 1966, the nation was sharply divided
between “doves” (those who opposed the war)
and _____ (those favoring greater use of
military power in Vietnam).
7. President Nixon announced that U.S. troops
would gradually be withdrawn from Vietnam
while South Vietnamese troops were trained to
carry on the war by themselves. Nixon called
this strategy ________.
8. In 1970, news of the bombing of Cambodia
led to protests on many college campuses. At
_____ in Ohio, four students were killed and
several wounded when the National Guard
opened fire to break up a peaceful
demonstration.
9. In 1973, the United States and North Vietnam
agreed to a ______.
10. In 1975, South Vietnam fell to ______ and
Vietnam was reunited.
Kent State University
_______
Drafted
______
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
_______
Hawks
______
Divided
_______
Vietcong
_______
South
______
Cease-Fire
______
Communism
______
Vietnamization
______
Activity 2: Matching
1. The _____ (the accumulation of all budget
deficits stemming from debts owed to purchases
of government bonds) jumped to a record
figure, and inflation increased during and after
the Vietnam War.
2. Many members of Congress regretted the
Tonkin Gulf Resolution. To limit the
president’s power, Congress, in 1973, passed the
_______.
3. The War Powers Act had the following
provisions: within 48 hours of sending troops
into combat, the president must inform
Congress of the reasons for the action and if
troops fight for more than 90 days, the president
must obtain Congress’ ______ for continued
fighting or bring the troops home.
4. President Nixon pursued a foreign policy
known as _____ (a French word meaning
“relax”) with the Soviet Union. It aimed at
reducing U.S.-Soviet tensions.
5. A major goal of détente was to limit the
production of _______. The term, détente,
means a relaxation of tensions.
6. During Nixon’s first term, U.S. and Soviet
diplomats held the _______. The result was an
important breakthrough in the arms race –
fixed limits on intercontinental, or long-range,
ballistic missiles (ICBMS) and antiballistic, or
defensive, missiles (ABMs).
7. To ease a severe Soviet food shortage, Nixon
offered (and Congress later approved) the sale
to the Soviets of $750 million worth of U.S.
wheat. This _____ pleased the Soviet Union and
American farmers alike.
8. During the 1960s, Mao’s Communist Chinese
government began denouncing the Soviet Union.
As China grew more and more suspicious of the
Soviet Union, Nixon thought it was time to
establish normal relations with the _______ (the
official name of Communist China).
9. President Nixon visited _____ in 1972. This
trip brought about a major shift in U.S. policy –
a lessening of support for anti-Communist
Nationalist China on the island of Taiwan.
10. Although China and the United States soon
exchanged performing troupes and athletic
teams, they did not exchange ambassadors until
1979, when the United States _______
recognized the People’s Republic of China.
War Powers Act
______
Approval
______
Détente
______
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT)
______
Grain Deal
______
National Debt
______
Nuclear Weapons
______
China
______
Formally
______
People’s Republic of China
______
Activity 3: Multiple-Choice
1. Which situation was a result of the Vietnam
War?
(1) South Vietnam was able to maintain its
noncommunist status.
(2) The United States questioned its role as
a police officer of the world.
(3) Richard Nixon was forced to resign the
presidency.
(4) The War Powers Act was repealed by
Congress.
2. One reason the United States became involved
in the Vietnam War was to
(1) prevent the spread of communism in
Indochina
(2) reduce French influence in Vietnam
(3) stop China from seizing Vietnam
(4) support the government of North
Vietnam
3. The ratification of the 26th amendment,
which lowered the voting age to 18, was a result
of the
(1) participation of the United States in the
Vietnam War
(2) fear of McCarthyism
(3) reaction to the launching of Sputnik by
the Soviet Union
(4) reporting of the Watergate scandal
4. The easing of Cold War tensions between the
United States and the Soviet Union during the
1970s was called
(1) containment
(2) détente
(3) neutrality
(4) isolationism
5. President Richard Nixon supported the policy
of détente as a way to
(1) reduce tensions between the United
States and the Soviet Union
(2) introduce democratic elections to
communist nations
(3) encourage satellite nations to break their
ties with the Soviet Union
(4) undermine Soviet influence among
nonaligned countries in Africa and Asia
6. “I think it will be a safer world and a better
world if we have a strong, healthy United States,
Europe, Soviet Union, China, Japan, each
balancing the other, not playing one against the
other, an even balance.”
~ Richard Nixon, 1972
President Nixon put this idea into practice by
(1) expanding economic relations with
communist nations
(2) abandoning his policy of détente
(3) declaring an end to the Korean War
(4) ending collective security agreements
7. The main purpose of the War Powers Act of
1973 was to
(1) expand the power of Congress to declare
war
(2) limit the president’s ability to send
troops into combat abroad
(3) allow people to vote on the issue of
United States commitments overseas
(4) end the Vietnam War on favorable
terms
8. The war in Vietnam led Congress to pass the
War Powers Act of 1973 in order to
(1) affirm United States support for the
United Nations
(2) strengthen the policy of détente
(3) increase United States participation in
international peacekeeping operations
(4) assert the role of Congress in the
commitment of troops overseas
9. President Richard Nixon’s visit to the
People’s Republic of China in 1972 was
significant because it
(1) convinced the Chinese to abandon
communism
(2) brought about the unification of Taiwan
and Communist China
(3) reduced tensions between the United
States and Communist China
(4) decreased United States dependence on
Chinese exports
Activity 4: Reading – July 01, 2011; Presidential Proclamation – 40th Anniversary of the 26th
Amendment
“Forty years ago, the 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution took effect, lowering the
universal voting age in America from 21 years to 18 years. Millions of young Americans were
extended the right to vote, empowering more young people than ever before to help shape our
country. On this anniversary, we remember the commitment of all those who fought for the right
to vote and celebrate the contributions of young adults to our Nation.
The right to vote has been secured by generations of leaders over our history, from the women's
groups of the early 20th century to the civil rights activists of the 1960s. For young people, the
movement to lower America’s voting age took years of hard work and tough advocacy to make the
dream a reality. Yet, once proposed in Congress in 1971, the 26th Amendment was ratified in the
shortest time span of any Constitutional Amendment in American history.
In the midst of the Vietnam War, our Nation bestowed upon our young people the ability to
change the status quo and entrusted them with a new voice in government. Today, young adults
across America continue to exercise this enormous responsibility of citizenship. Countless young
people are involved in the political process, dedicated to ensuring their voices are heard…
Young adults have been a driving force for change in the last century, bringing new ideas and high
hopes to our national dialogue. Today, we remember the efforts of those who fought for their seat
at the table, and we encourage coming generations to claim their place in our democracy.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue
of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby
proclaim July 1, 2011, as the 40th Anniversary of the 26th Amendment. I call upon all Americans
to participate in ceremonies and activities that honor young Americans, and those who have fought
for freedom and justice in our country.”
Questions:
1- What is President Obama commemorating (remembering or honoring)?
________________________________________________________________________
2- What was the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
________________________________________________________________________
3- How did the 26th Amendment change American society?
________________________________________________________________________
4- What war was occurring when the Amendment was passed?
________________________________________________________________________
5- Why did this war lead to this Amendment?
________________________________________________________________________
6- Do you agree with this Amendment?
________________________________________________________________________
7- Why do you agree with this Amendment?
________________________________________________________________________
8- Identify another Amendment about voting.
________________________________________________________________________
9- Identify an act associated with voting.
________________________________________________________________________
10- Why does voting matter?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
Identify the President on the escalator.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What does the President say?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is written on the escalator?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What is the meaning of the political cartoon?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How did the situation in the political cartoon divide American society?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Why did some Americans support the war?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Why did some Americans oppose the war?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Do you agree with the supporters or protesters of the war? Explain your answer. _______________
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
1- What does the individual sitting in the chair say?
________________________________________________________________________
2- What is written on the young man’s poster?
________________________________________________________________________
3- What is a “peacenik”?
________________________________________________________________________
4- What is written on the newspaper?
________________________________________________________________________
5- What is napalm?
________________________________________________________________________
6- Why did the American army use napalm in Vietnam?
________________________________________________________________________
7- How were the Vietnamese people affected by napalm?
________________________________________________________________________
8- How does the encounter between the man in the chair and the young man reveal a
division in American society?
________________________________________________________________________
9- Why is the word “burn” used by the man in the chair?
______________________________________________________________________
10- Why is the man’s use of the word “burn” by the cartoonist ironic (using a word to
convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning)?
________________________________________________________________________
11- Do you believe this political cartoon was effective?
________________________________________________________________________
12- Why do you believe this political cartoon was effective?
________________________________________________________________________